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Hedaoo K, Badge AK, Tiwade YR, Bankar NJ, Mishra VH. Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Black Cohosh ( Cimicifuga racemosa) in Menopausal Symptom Management. J Midlife Health 2024; 15:5-11. [PMID: 38764923 PMCID: PMC11100637 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_242_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is a perennial plant used to treat menopause. This plant is known to have a serotonergic rather than estrogenic impact. It has been recommended to treat vasomotor symptoms associated with breast cancer patients. It also relieves symptoms such as night sweats and hot flashes, commonly called vasorelaxation. The variability in the study's results, doses, and assessment methods requires more rigorous research to establish its efficacy and safety. Standardized trials are needed to provide more precise information on the benefits and limitations of menopause treatment, informing women seeking alternatives to hormone therapy. Black cohosh has shown the potential to reduce the frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment. In addition to its effectiveness in alleviating night sweats and hot flashes, the vasorelaxation properties contribute to its overall positive impact on menopausal symptoms. Due to discrepancies, varying dosages, and assessment techniques, further comprehensive studies are essential to determine the optimal dosage, long-term safety, and overall efficacy. Only through standardized trials can women make informed decisions about black cohosh as a viable alternative to hormone therapy during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritiksha Hedaoo
- Department of Clinical Research, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankit K. Badge
- Department of Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yugeshwari R. Tiwade
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nandkishor J. Bankar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishnavi H. Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Lodra EH, Effendi MC, Pematasari N, Dradjat RS. Fenugreek Seed Ethanolic Extract Improves Alveolar Bone Parameters by Attenuating Inflammation in Ovariectomized Rats. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4933-4940. [PMID: 37927959 PMCID: PMC10624190 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s428791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alveolar bone residual ridge resorption remains a major challenge for dental implant placement in patients with edentulism. Fenugreek seed extracts have been reported to have potential roles in bone metabolism. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seed ethanolic extract (FSEE) on bone cells, inflammation, hormones, and angiogenesis parameters of alveolar bone tissue following teeth extraction in an ovariectomized (OVX) model. Methods A total of 30 adults female Wistar rats were assigned into two major groups. Each group consisted of control, OVX, OVX+FSEE 100 mg/kg BW, OVX+FSEE 200 mg/kg BW, and OVX+FSEE 400 mg/kg BW. The FSEE treatment was applied through the intragastric route for 7 days in the first group and for 30 days in the second group of animals. The first molar tooth of the right maxilla was extracted before the FSEE treatment. The level of 17β-estradiol was measured by the ELISA method. The dissected maxilla alveolar bone processus was sectioned for histological evaluation by hematoxylin-eosin staining and an immunohistochemistry assay. Results This study found that FSEE reduced the blood estrogen level and increased estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) expression. FSEE administration modified the number of bone cells, angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sclerostin, and the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio. Alterations were seen in the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and the macrophage-1/macrophage-2 (M1/M2) ratio. Conclusion In this study, inflammation was found to be attenuated by reductions in IL-6 and sclerostin, and an increase in TGF-β1. The maturation of bone osteocytes increased along with the increase in ER-α expression and ratio of OPG/RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Handayani Lodra
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Chair Effendi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Pematasari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Respati Suryanto Dradjat
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya and Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa PEG, Nayak Y. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract modulates biochemical and histomorphological changes in therapeutic model of high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized rats. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:285. [PMID: 37520342 PMCID: PMC10382425 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Rats were randomly grouped into sham ovariectomy (S.OVX), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX + HFD), and treatment groups. The blood samples were collected, and lipid profile, glucose, hepatic markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Liver, kidney, and common carotid artery were isolated for histopathological observations. Liver samples were tested for antioxidant, oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of adiponectin, and PPAR-γ. PE-TFG treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (18%), LDL (20%), hepatic markers (28%), leptin (17%), TNF-α (21%), and increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ. There was also micro- and macro-hepatic steatosis, inflammation in the liver, deteriorated tubules in the kidney, and increased tunica intima and media thickness of the common carotid artery. These pathological alterations were reversed with PE-TFG administration. This impact might be linked to phytoestrogens and other components in PE-TFG such as diosgenin, phenols, and flavonoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takkella Nagamma
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Anjaneyulu Konuri
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Kumar M. R. Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Padmanabha E. G. Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Aarshageetha P, Janci PRR, Tharani ND. Role of Alternate Therapies to Improve the Quality of Life in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:153-158. [PMID: 38312763 PMCID: PMC10836436 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_222_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle aged women in majority undergoing menopausal symptoms are unaware of the physiological changes happening in their body, necessary lifestyle changes and alternate therapies to overcome the symptoms. All major electronic sources of relevant information were systematically searched and collected data were pooled under specific subheadings. From the reviewed papers, the awareness on symptoms and related complications of menopause in the middle aged women were consolidated. Studies helped to identify alternative therapies replacing or in parallel with the Hormone Replacement Therapy to overcome the menopausal symptoms. Reduced oestrogen and progesterone level causes physiological, psychological, and genitourinary symptoms. Prolonged consequences cause libido, osteoporosis, and cardio vascular diseases. Hypo-estrogenic status is well managed with alternative therapies including dietary intervention, acupuncture, aromatherapy, exercise, and yoga. Dietary interventions involving foods like Fennel, Soy, Black Cohash, St. John Wort, Red Clover and Date Pollen were found to be managing vasomotor symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Non-Hormonal and Non-Pharmacological impact behind acupuncture treatment was well accepted. Various studies proved inhaling and massaging with Lavender, Neroli oil, Fennel, Rose, and Geranium essential oils balance cortisol hormone and reduce stress and anxiety. Impact of yoga therapy on neurohormonal pathways reduce both psychological and physiological symptoms. Reviews summarizes various symptoms and complications during menopausal transition and alternate ways of better management with dietary intervention, yoga, exercise, aromatherapy, and acupuncture to improve the quality of menopausal women's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aarshageetha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P R Rani Janci
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Devi Tharani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang H, Wang X, Yang L, He W, Meng T, Zheng K, Xia X, Zhou Y, He J, Liu C, Zou S, Xiao D. The Effects of Fenugreek Extract on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Immunity and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Broiler. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882754. [PMID: 35812848 PMCID: PMC9260050 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the regulation of Fenugreek seed extract (FSE) on the immunity of broilers, and explore the appropriate amount of FSE in broilers' production, 1-day-old yellow feather broilers with a total of 420 birds were randomly allocated into seven treatments. Each treatment had six replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. The two control groups were the basic fodder group fed with basal diet and the bacitracin zinc group added 30 mg/kg bacitracin zinc to the basal diet. Experimental groups included five levels of FSE (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg FSE to the basal diet, respectively). The pre-test period was 7 days and the formal test lasted for 56 days. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of 50 and 800 mg/kg FSE groups was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the feed to gain ratio (F/G) of FSE groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with the basic fodder and the bacitracin zinc groups. Compared with the basic fodder group, the serum total cholesterol (TC) content in the FSE groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content of 50, 100, and 800 mg/kg FSE groups was significantly lower than that of the basic fodder group (P < 0.05). Compared with the basic fodder and bacitracin zinc groups, the serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) content of 100 and 200 mg/kg FSE groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the bacitracin zinc group, the serum interleukins (IL-1, IL-10) content of 400 mg/kg FSE group were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05), and the serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) content of 100 and 200 mg/kg FSE groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the basic fodder group, the lower doses (0–400 mg/kg) of FSE had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of toll-like receptors 4/ myeloid differentiation factor 88/ nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathways (P > 0.05). The 800 mg/kg FSE treatment group significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA in the spleen of broilers (P < 0.05). The zinc bacitracin group significantly increased the expression levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA (P ≤ 0.05). The results showed that FSE could promote the secretion of immunoglobulins, regulate the body's cytokines, and have a positive effect on immunity in broilers. Furthermore, the recommended supplement of FSE is 100 mg/kg in the broiler diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Geneham Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- College of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengwen Zou
- Hunan Wenfeng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Loudi, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dingfu Xiao
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa P, Rao G, Nayak Y. Prophylactic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in high-fat-fed ovariectomized rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:131-140. [PMID: 35528469 PMCID: PMC9072820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Asif M, Yousaf HM, Saleem M, Saadullah M, Chohan TA, Shamas MU, Yaseen HS, Mahrukh, Yousaf MU, Yaseen M. Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Oil Attenuated Inflammation and Angiogenesis in vivo through Down-Regulation of TNF-α. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1460-1471. [PMID: 33019940 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666201005100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a vital reaction of the natural immune system that protects against encroaching agents. However, uncontrolled inflammation can lead to complications. Trigonella foenumgraecum is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory herb. OBJECTIVES The current study was conducted to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic potentials of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds oil. METHODS Oil was extracted from seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum by cold press method and labelled as TgSO. Phytochemical (GC-MS, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and metal analyses were conducted to evaluate the metalo-chemical profile of TgSO. In vitro antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were performed to assess its antioxidant potential. In vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method and the safety profile of TgSO was assessed in acute toxicological studies following OECD 425 guidelines. In vivo antiinflammatory activities of TgSO were assessed in carrageenan, serotonin, histamine, formalin, and cotton pelletinduced oedema models. Serum TNF-α, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and, Catalases (CAT) levels were assessed by ELISA kits. In vivo antiangiogenic activity of TgSO was screened in chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. Histopathological studies using excised paws were conducted to observe the effects of TgSO treatment at the tissue level. In silico docking studies were conducted to screen the binding potentials of identified compounds with TNF-α. RESULTS Extraction by cold press method yielded 16% of TgSO. Phytochemical analysis of TgSO through GCMS showed the presence of eugenol, dihydrocoumairn, heptadecanoic acid, tri- and tetradecanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid, respectively. Total phenolic contents of TgSO were found to be 0.30±0.01mg/g gallic acid equivalent in Folin-Ciocalteu method. Metal analysis indicated the presence of different metals in TgSO. Findings of antioxidant models showed the moderate antioxidant potential of TgSO. Findings of antimicrobial assays showed that TgSO was active against bacterial (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) and fungal (C. albicans, and A. niger) strains. In vivo toxicity study data showed that TgSO was safe up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. Data of oedema models showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in oedema development in TgSO treated animals in both acute and chronic models. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimum tissue infiltration with inflammatory cells in TgSO-treated animals. Treatment with TgSO also significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated TNF-α in serum while levels of SOD and CAT were up-regulated. Findings of the CAM assay revealed the antiangiogenic activity of TgSO. Findings of in silico docking studies showed that identified phytoconstituents can bind with culprit cytokine (TNF-α). CONCLUSION Data obtained from the current study conclude that TgSO has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects that validate its traditional uses. Synergistic actions of different phytoconstituents are proposed to be responsible for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Yousaf
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tahir A Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiza S Yaseen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Yousaf
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Phytoestrogenic effect of fenugreek seed extract helps in ameliorating the leg pain and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Khanna A, John F, Das S, Thomas J, Rao J, Maliakel B, Im K. Efficacy of a novel extract of fenugreek seeds in alleviating vasomotor symptoms and depression in perimenopausal women: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13507. [PMID: 33025616 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of a standardized fenugreek extract (FHE) on perimenopausal discomforts and its influence on hormonal balance and safety. Healthy women characterized with perimenopausal symptoms (n = 48), as assessed by MRS questionnaire, were randomized either to FHE (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) and supplemented with 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days. Both inter and intra-group comparison revealed a significant improvement in somatic, psychological, and urogenital scores in FHE group, especially for hot flashes (25.9%), night sweats (26.5%), depression (31.8%), and insomnia (21.6%). Further hormone analysis revealed an enhancement in serum estradiol (18.9%), free testosterone (38.2%), and progesterone (19.9%) concentrations and a significant decrease in FSH (38.2%) and SHBG (21.1%) concentrations toward establishing a hormonal balance among FHE-group; without significant changes in other clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE supplementation offered a significant reduction in vasomotor effects and depression in perimenopausal women, without any adverse effects PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fenugreek is a popular kitchen spice and Ayurvedic medicine for a variety of health conditions including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hepatotoxicity, gastritis, and also for a variety of hormone-related health conditions such as sexual functions, lactation, osteoporosis, PCOS, and post/perimenopausal discomforts. Fenugreek is rich in alkaloids, steroidal saponins, flavonoids and 4-hydroxyisoleucine. The present randomized-controlled study investigated the plausible application of a standardized hydro-ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds (FHE) having a unique 3:1 ratio for protodioscin to trigonelline in the management of perimenopausal discomforts. It was observed that FHE at a dosage of 250 mg × 2/day for 42 days significantly reduced the discomforts, especially vasomotor symptoms and depression, and helped to attain a hormonal balance without any adverse effects or deviations in clinical safety parameters. Thus, FHE could be a potential natural agent for the management of post and perimenopausal discomforts and has to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khanna
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Febi John
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Syam Das
- Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Jestin Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Wu T, Yue R, He M, Xu C. Effect of Fenugreek on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20526. [PMID: 32502006 PMCID: PMC7306339 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes or night sweats) are closely related to the impaired quality of life in menopausal women. Fenugreek is the ripe seed of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. In China, this plant is used to relieve menopausal symptoms in women. Although recent studies have shown that fenugreek may have a good effect on the menopausal symptoms, there is no meta-analysis to systematically evaluate its efficacy in improving menopausal vasomotor symptoms. METHODS Randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria will be retrieved in 5 English online databases and 4 Chinese online databases. The primary outcomes are changes in frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms that measured by validated scales. The secondary outcomes will include quality of life, blood hormone parameters, blood biochemical parameters, and adverse events. Heterogeneity of data will be assessed by I and Cochrane Q statistics. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Egger test and Begg test will be used to assess the publication bias. Finally, we will evaluate the quality of evidence by the GRADE approach. All the data statistics will be performed using the STATA 15.0 software. RESULTS All the results of will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fenugreek in the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/3BCY8.
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Safary M, Hakimi S, Mobaraki-Asl N, Amiri P, Tvassoli H, Delazar A. Comparison of the Effects of Fenugreek Vaginal Cream and Ultra Low- Dose Estrogen on Atrophic Vaginitis. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:815-822. [PMID: 32640956 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200708112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrophic vaginitis is a common problem in postmenopausal women and results from decreased levels of blood estrogen. It is associated with symptoms of itching, burning, dyspareunia, and postmenopausal bleeding. The present study evaluated the effects of fenugreek extract on atrophic vaginitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 postmenopausal women in Ardabil, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using block randomization with the allocation ratio 1:1. Those in the intervention group received 0.5g (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) fenugreek vaginal cream 5% twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group received conjugated estrogens vaginal cream at the dose of 0.625 mg (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) containing 0.3 mg of conjugated estrogens. Atrophic vaginitis was evaluated before and after the treatment through clinical examination, clinical signs, and measurement of Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI). FINDINGS After the 12-week intervention and modification of the baseline score, the mean (standard error) score for atrophic vaginitis signs was 3.100 (1.43-4.75). This difference was statistically significant in intragroup comparison and in favor of the control group in intergroup comparison (p=0.001). VMI was less than 49% in 86.7% and 46.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. This was a significant difference in favor of the control group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that total fenugreek extract could be effective in treating signs of atrophic vaginitis, but it was not as effective as ultra-low-dose estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safary
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Paria Amiri
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Tvassoli
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Sureshkumar D, Begum S, Johannah NM, Maliakel B, Krishnakumar IM. Toxicological evaluation of a saponin-rich standardized extract of fenugreek seeds (FenuSMART ®): Acute, sub-chronic and genotoxicity studies. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1060-1068. [PMID: 30416976 PMCID: PMC6218839 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety evaluation of a standardized extract of fenugreek seeds (FenuSMART). Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of FenuSMART on Wistar rats. Mutagenicity study of FenuSMART.
The present study investigated the safety of a saponin-rich standardized extract of fenugreek seeds (FenuSMART®; FHE), that has been clinically shown to be effective in ameliorating the postmenopausal discomforts and establishing hormonal balance. The safety was assessed by oral acute (2500 mg/kg b. wt. for 14 days) and subchronic (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. wt. for 90 days) toxicity studies on Wistar rats and mutagenicity studies employing Salmonella typhimurium strains. Administration of FHE did not produce any toxicologically significant changes in clinical/behavioral observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weight, organ weight, feed consumption, urinalysis, hematology and clinical biochemistry parameters when compared to the untreated control group of animals. Highest dose recovery group (1000 mg/kg b. wt.) of animals also showed no mortality or adverse events; with hematological and biochemical parameters at par with those of controls. Terminal autopsy revealed no alterations in relative organ weight or any treatment-related histopathology changes. FHE also showed no mutagenicity upon Ames test employing TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102 Salmonella typhimurium strains with or without metabolic activation. Based on the results of the study, the no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of FHE was determined as 1000 mg/kg b. wt./day, the highest dose tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sureshkumar
- CARe-KERALAM Ltd., Kinfra Small Industries Park, Thrissur, 680309, Kerala, India
| | - Shamshad Begum
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, India
| | - N M Johannah
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd., Cochin, 683561, Kerala, India
| | - Balu Maliakel
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd., Cochin, 683561, Kerala, India
| | - I M Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd., Cochin, 683561, Kerala, India
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13
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Steels E, Steele M, Harold M, Coulson S. Efficacy of a ProprietaryTrigonella foenum-graecum L. De-Husked Seed Extract in Reducing Menopausal Symptoms in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1316-1322. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Steels
- Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - M.L. Steele
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Public Health; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
- Hospital Havelhöhe; Research Institute Havelhöhe; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Harold
- The BRIDI Centre Pty. Ltd; Brisbane Australia
| | - S. Coulson
- Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
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14
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Shamshad Begum S, Jayalakshmi HK, Vidyavathi HG, Gopakumar G, Abin I, Balu M, Geetha K, Suresha SV, Vasundhara M, Krishnakumar IM. A Novel Extract of Fenugreek Husk (FenuSMART™) Alleviates Postmenopausal Symptoms and Helps to Establish the Hormonal Balance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1775-1784. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shamshad Begum
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
- University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560065 India
| | - H. K. Jayalakshmi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition; Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research; Bangalore 560069 India
| | - H. G. Vidyavathi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition; Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research; Bangalore 560069 India
| | - G. Gopakumar
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - Issac Abin
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - Maliakel Balu
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
| | - K. Geetha
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
| | - S. V. Suresha
- Bakery and Value Addition Centre; University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560024 India
| | - M. Vasundhara
- University of Agricultural Sciences; Bangalore 560065 India
| | - I. M. Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre; Akay Flavours & Aromatics Ltd.; Ambunadu, Malaidamthuruthu P.O. Cochin 683561 India
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