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Hafeez A, Shahid Ali S, Akhtar J, Naz S, Alrefaei AF, Albeshr MF, Israr M, Ullah Khan R. Impact of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum), garlic ( Allium sativum), fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) on zootechnical performance, carcass quality, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broilers chickens. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-7. [PMID: 38423073 PMCID: PMC10906120 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of incorporating a specific herbal blend comprising coriander, garlic, and fenugreek (CGF) at various levels on the zootechnical performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. The 42-day experiment involved 360 broilers (Cobb 500), organized into four distinct treatment groups. The dietary interventions included a control group consisting of a basal diet and the same diet was supplemented with CGF at rates of 1, 2, and 3%. Broilers receiving a 1% phytogenic mixture exhibited significantly increased live weight and carcass weight. Moreover, the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat significantly improved in broilers supplemented with a 1% phytogenic mixture. On the other hand, the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus showed a notable increase in broilers fed with a 3% phytogenic mixture. Regarding serum metabolites, the 1% phytogenic mixture group displayed significantly higher levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. The supplementation of the broiler diet with a herbal mixture of coriander, fenugreek, and garlic at a 1% rate resulted in improved growth performance, carcass quality, nutrient digestion, and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Said Shahid Ali
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Akhtar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Israr
- Project Management, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Kumar A, Singh N. Embracing nutritional, physical, pasting, textural, sensory and phenolic profile of functional muffins prepared by partial incorporation of lyophilized wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil microgreens juice powder. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:4286-4295. [PMID: 38308402 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muffins are delightful baked food products that have earned a prominent place in the daily diet of a majority of people around the world. The incorporation of microgreens juice powder (MJP) into muffins boosts their nutritional value. The influence of the incorporation of wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP at 1.5% and 3.0% levels on the nutritional composition, physical properties, pasting, sensory, textural and phenolic profile of functional muffins was evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated a significant increase in the protein content, ash content, dietary fiber and total phenolic content of MJP incorporated muffins. The incorporation of MJP to the muffins led to a gradual reduction in the L*, a* and b* values. Baking characteristic such as bake loss decreased significantly as a result of MJP incorporation. Furthermore, the incorporation of various MJPs resulted in a significant decrease in the peak viscosity of the flour-MJP blends. Regarding texture, the hardness and chewiness of the muffins increased progressively with an increase in the level of MJP incorporation. The highest hardness (10.15 N) and chewiness (24.45 mJ) were noted for 3% fenugreek MJP incorporated muffins (FK 3.0). The sensory score of MJP incorporated muffins was acceptable and satisfactory. Additionally, 3% basil MJP incorporated muffins (BL 3.0) marked the dominant presence of majority of the detected phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, isothymosin and rosamarinic acid. The highest concentration of p-coumaric acid (11.95 mg kg-1), vanillic acid (26.07 mg kg-1) and kaempferol (8.04 mg kg-1) was recorded for FK 3.0 muffin. CONCLUSION MJP incorporated muffins revealed the pool of phenolic acids and the reduced bake loss is of industrial interest. The present study concludes that wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP can be incorporated by up to 3% into baked products as a source of functional ingredients for health benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
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Qiu D, Hu J, Zhang S, Cai W, Miao J, Li P, Jiang W. Fenugreek extract improves diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction via the arginase 1 pathway. Food Funct 2024; 15:3446-3462. [PMID: 38450419 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an initiating trigger and key factor in vascular complications, leading to disability and mortality in individuals with diabetes. The research concerning therapeutic interventions for ED has gained considerable interest. Fenugreek, a commonly used edible plant in dietary consumption, has attracted significant attention due to its management of diabetes and its associated complications. The research presented in this study examines the potential therapeutic benefits of fenugreek in treating ED and investigates the underlying mechanism associated with its effects. The analysis on fenugreek was performed using 70% ethanol extract, and its chemical composition was analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). In total, we identified 49 compounds present in the fenugreek extract. These compounds encompass flavonoids, saponins, and phospholipids. Then, the models of ED in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and high glucose-induced isolated rat aortas were established for research. Through vascular function testing, it was observed that fenugreek extract effectively improved ED induced by diabetes or high glucose. By analyzing the protein expression of arginase 1 (Arg1), Arg activity, Arg1 immunohistochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and p-p38 MAPK in aortas, this study revealed that the potential mechanism of fenugreek extract in anti-ED involves the downregulation of Arg1, leading to enhanced NO production. Furthermore, analysis of serum exosomes carrying Arg activity indicates that fenugreek may decrease the activity of Arg transported by serum exosomes, potentially preventing the increase in Arg levels triggered by the uptake of serum exosomes by vascular endothelial cells. In general, this investigation offers valuable observations regarding the curative impact of fenugreek extract on anti-ED in diabetes, revealing the involvement of the Arg1 pathway in its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbang Qiu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Jinxin Hu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Shaoying Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Wanjun Cai
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Jingwei Miao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Pengdong Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Wenyue Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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Qiu L, Zhang M, Ghazal AF, Chu Z, Luo Z. Development of 3D printed k-carrageenan-based gummy candies modified by fenugreek gum: Correlating 3D printing performance with sol-gel transition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130865. [PMID: 38490387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive inks were formulated using k-carrageenan, fenugreek gum (FG), rose extracts, and sugar, of which the first two were used as the gelling agents. The interactions among components in these mixed ink formulations were investigated. Sol-gel transition and rheological properties of these inks were also correlated with extrusion, shape formation, and self (shape)-supporting aspects of 3D printing. Results indicated that incorporating FG increased inks' gelation temperature from 39.7 °C to 44.7-49.6 °C, affecting the selection of printing temperature (e.g., 0 % FG: 40 °C, 0.15 % FG: 45 °C, 0.3 % FG-0.6 % FG: 50 °C). Inks in solution states with lower viscosity (<5 Pa·s) were amenable to ensure their smooth extrusion through the tip of the printing nozzle. A shorter sol-gel transition time (approximately 100 s) during the shape formation stage facilitated the solidification of inks after extrusion. The addition of FG significantly (p<0.05) improved the mechanical properties (elastic modulus, hardness, etc.) of the printed models, which facilitated their self-supporting behavior. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the inclusion of FG progressively restricted water mobility, consequently reducing the water syneresis rate of the mixed inks by 0.86 %-3.6 %. FG enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions among the components of these mixed inks, and helped to form a denser network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ahmed Fathy Ghazal
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chu
- Golden Monkey Food Co., 466300 Shenqiu County, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenjiang Luo
- Haitong Foods Ninghai Co., Ltd., 315000 Ninghai, Zhejiang, China
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Bitam S, Hamadache M, Hanini S. Targeting bladder cancer with Trigonella foenum-graecum: a computational study using network pharmacology and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3286-3293. [PMID: 37232424 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2217926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum (TF-graecum), known as Hulba or Fenugreek, is one of the oldest known medicinal plants. It has been found to have antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, wound-healing, anti-diarrheal, hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. In our current report, we have collected and screened the active compounds of TF-graecum and their potential targets via different pharmacology platforms. Network construction shows that eight active compounds may act on 223 potential bladder cancer targets. The pathway enrichment analysis for the seven potential targets of the eight compounds selected, based on KEGG pathway analysis, was conducted to clarify the potential pharmacological effects. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed the stability of protein-ligand interactions. This study highlights the need for increased research into the potential medical benefits of this plant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Bitam
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa, Médéa, Algérie
| | - Mabrouk Hamadache
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa, Médéa, Algérie
| | - Salah Hanini
- Faculté de Technologie, Département du Génie des Procédés et Environnement, Laboratoire des Biomatériaux et Phénomènes de Transport (LBMPT), Université de Médéa, Médéa, Algérie
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Lindi AM, Falah S, Sadeghnezhad M, Ghorbani M. Optimization of fenugreek seed mucilage extraction for the synthesis of a novel bio-nano composite for efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous environments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129882. [PMID: 38309405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the application of an innovative bio-nanocomposite, Fenugreek seed mucilage/silicon carbide (FSM/SiC), as an exceptionally effective adsorbent for eliminating cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Optimization of fenugreek mucilage extraction involved ultrasonic methods, establishing ideal conditions with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:55, 50 °C temperature, 37 kHz frequency, 100 % power, and 30 min processing time. Comprehensive characterization through FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, imaging, DLS, and SEM confirmed the preservation of crucial adsorption-related characteristics. Enhanced adsorption efficiency was achieved by systematically adjusting pH, temperature, adsorbent concentration, pollutant concentration, and contact time, identifying optimal conditions at pH 6, 0.03 g adsorbent dosage, 35 min contact time, and 30 mg/L initial cadmium concentration at 30 °C. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the Langmuir isotherm fit suggested monolayered adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis indicated exothermic and spontaneous Cd2+ ion adsorption onto FSM/SiC. Remarkably, FSM/SiC demonstrated exceptional regeneration potential, positioning it as a promising solution for water decontamination and environmental remediation. This research showcases FSM/SiC's potential with a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.6 mg/g for cadmium ions, highlighting its significance in addressing cadmium contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi Lindi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Sara Falah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
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Moradi E, Tavili A, Darabi H, Muchová Z. Assessing wildfire impact on Trigonella elliptica habitat using random forest modeling. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120209. [PMID: 38295633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires have a significant impact on ecosystems worldwide, especially on the degradation of arid and semi-arid rangelands. This research focuses on assessing the effects of wildfires on the habitat of Trigonella elliptica, a valuable herb species found in the central rangelands of Iran. To achieve this, the Random Forest (RF) algorithm has been deployed to predict T. elliptica habitat and fire hazard using socio-environmental variables in Yazd province, Iran. 225 fire points and 103 habitat locations were used for model training and testing. The IncNodePurity index and Probability Curves (PC) have been utilized to determine the influence of socio-environmental variables. The combination of the prediction maps of the habitat and wildfires pointed out the possible damage due to fire. The high performance of the RF model is confirmed by the area under the curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS) values (0.90 and 0.81 for the habitat; 0.92 and 0.82 for the wildfire). The importance assessment of variables revealed that elevation, slope, and precipitation are the most influential variables in the distribution of T. elliptica, while distance to roads, population density, and wind speed are the key factors affecting wildfire occurrence. In the final map, a comparison of different regions of T. elliptica habitat under fire hazard with fire-free habitats using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests indicated that the fire hazard in the T. elliptica habitat is a serious concern. Since the areas with the highest fire hazard and the highest presence of T. elliptica cover approximately 2311.38 km2, neglecting these regions could lead to the gradual reduction of T. elliptica, and create conditions for secondary succession dominated by less valuable annual species. The findings of this study underscore the importance of implementing fire management strategies, protection projects, and continuous monitoring to ensure the safety and conservation of the T. elliptica habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Moradi
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Institute of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Ali Tavili
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamid Darabi
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zlatica Muchová
- Institute of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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Wang H, Lai M, Li H, Jiang L, Wei Y, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Ji X, Li J, Yang X. Moisturizing and aroma-enhancing effects of low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharides in cigarettes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129320. [PMID: 38218276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides possess excellent moisturizing effects due to their abundance of hydrophilic groups and film-forming properties. Additionally, they can produce a refreshing aroma during the pyrolysis process. However, there is scarce research on their application in the tobacco field. Herein, we investigated the effects of low molecular weight fenugreek polysaccharide (FP) obtained through ethanol fractionation and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography on moisture retention and aroma enhancement in tobacco. The moisture retention test revealed that the addition of FP increased the moisture retention index (MRI) of tobacco by 11.72 %-16.69 %, indicating that the hydrophilic nature of polysaccharides facilitated the migration of free water in tobacco to bound water, resulting in reduced water activity. Moreover, the contact angle between polysaccharide and tobacco was <90°, enabling better infiltration into tobacco and slowing down tobacco shrinkage caused by water loss. Among all the components, EFP-20 and EFP-40 demonstrated superior performance. Furthermore, FP exhibited excellent thermal stability below 200 °C and can decomposed to produce aromatic substances at high temperatures. It also demonstrated the ability to adsorb ethyl heptanoate and thermally decompose to produce a substantial amount of heptanoic acid. Consequently, the incorporation of FP in tobacco demonstrated favorable effects on both moisturization and aroma enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Miao Lai
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huayu Li
- Technology Center of Henan Cigarette Industrial Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet Co., Ltd., Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuewei Wei
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Henan Province Tobacco Company Pingdingshan Company, Pingdingshan 467000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Hota D, Padhy BM, Maiti R, Bisoi D, Sahoo JP, Patro BK, Kumar P, Goel A, Banik SP, Chakraborty S, Rungta M, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Investigation to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Patented Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract "Fenfuro®" in Type 2 Diabetics. J Am Nutr Assoc 2024; 43:147-156. [PMID: 37459747 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2233008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) is an extensively researched phytotherapeutic for the management of Type 2 diabetes without any associated side effects. The major anti-diabetic bioactive constituents present in the plant are furostanolic saponins, which are more abundantly available in the seed of the plant. However, the bioavailability of these components depends on the method of extraction and hence formulation of the phytotherapeutic constitutes a critical step for its success. OBJECTIVE The present study reports the efficacy of a novel, patented fenugreek seed extract, Fenfuro®, containing significant amount of furostanolic saponins, in an open-labelled, two-armed, single centric study on a group of 204 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus over a period of twelve consecutive weeks. RESULTS Administration of Fenfuro® in the dosage of 500 mg twice daily along with metformin and/or sulfonylurea-based prescribed antidiabetic drug resulted in a reduction of post-prandial glucose by more than 33% along with significant reduction in fasting glucose, both of which were greater than what resulted for the patient group receiving only Metformin and/or Sulfonylurea therapy. Fenfuro® also resulted in reduction in mean baseline HOMA index from 4.27 to 3.765, indicating restoration of insulin sensitivity which was also supported by a significant decrease in serum insulin levels by >10% as well as slight reduction in the levels of C-peptide. However, in the case of the Metformin and/or Sulfonylurea group, insulin levels were found to increase by more than 14%, which clearly indicated that drug-induced suppression of glucose levels instead of restoration of glucose homeostasis. Administration of the formulation was also found to be free from any adverse side effects as there were no changes in hematological profile, liver function and renal function. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the promising potential of this novel phytotherapeutic, Fenfuro®, in long-term holistic management of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Hota
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Biswa M Padhy
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Debasis Bisoi
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacology, SCB Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, Orissa, India
| | - Binod K Patro
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mehul Rungta
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Manashi Bagchi
- Department of R&D, Dr. Herbs LLC, Concord, California, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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El-Nagdy SA, Elfakharany YM, Morsy MM, Ahmad MM, Abd El-Fatah SS, Khayal EES. The role of fenugreek seed extract in alleviating pancreatic toxic effects and altering glucose homeostasis induced by acetamiprid via modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102265. [PMID: 37948956 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACMP) is a second-generation neonicotinoid that has been extensively used in the last few years. The present study examined the toxic effects of ACMP on the pancreas and glucose homeostasis through the evaluation of histological and biochemical changes and the possible ameliorative role of fenugreek seed extract (FG). Fifty adult albino rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, FG-treated, ACMP-treated, and ACMP + FG-treated groups by oral gavage for 12 weeks. The ACMP-treated group highlighted significant elevations in plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c), serum amylase, and serum lipase, along with a decrease in plasma insulin levels. In addition, significant increases in tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were associated with reductions in the levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Moreover, glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase were significantly increased, with a significant reduction in hexokinase and liver glycogen stores. These biochemical changes were associated with histological changes in pancreatic sections stained by haematoxylin and eosin, Masson stain, and Orcein stain. ACMP-treated cells showed a marked reduction in β- cell immune reactivity to insulin, with pronounced p53, and beclin 1 immune expression. The use of FG with ACMP induced partial protection except for hexokinase and glycogen phosphorylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A El-Nagdy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Yara M Elfakharany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Manal Mohammad Morsy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Ahmad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman El-Sayed Khayal
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Kim EY, Park H, Kim EJ, Lee SH, Choi JW, Kim J, Jung HS, Sohn Y. Efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linné in an animal model of particulate matter-induced asthma exacerbation. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117228. [PMID: 37757990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linné (TFG) has traditionally been used in Central Asia to relieve inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the efficacy of TFG in a bronchial cell model and an animal model of asthma exacerbation caused by PM. METHODS BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were simultaneously treated with tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin (IL)-4 and PM, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, DNA damage, and autophagy mechanisms were analyzed. In an animal model of asthma exacerbation, we analyzed changes in organ weight, distribution of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and intra-tissue mucus production. RESULTS In the cell model, TFG suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-8; reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage; and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, P38, AKT, and mTOR. In the animal model, TFG significantly reduced weight gain of the liver, lung, and spleen; IgE, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels; and bronchial mucus secretion and smooth muscle thickness. CONCLUSION TFG alleviated the PM-exacerbated inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK and autophagy signaling pathways; it is expected to be an effective treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoyeon Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eom Ji Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Won Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical classics and history, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Motrescu I, Lungoci C, Ciolan MA, Jităreanu G. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds stimulates the sprout growth and the production of nutraceutical compounds. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38183006 PMCID: PMC10770889 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The possibility to stimulate the production of some nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) sprouts by non-thermal plasma (NTP) processing of the seeds in different conditions was studied. The non-thermal plasma used in this work was a surface dielectric barrier discharge. Two types of processing were performed: direct NTP treatment and NTP with a cover treatment, to simulate the processing of packaged seeds. For all treatments, the effect of pre-soaking of the seeds was studied as well. The analyses of the seeds after processing indicated an increase of the hydrophilicity of their surface for NTP direct treatment as resulted from the water contact angle measurements, which could be due to the strong etching evidenced by scanning electron microscopy imaging. A significant (p < 0.05) increase of the seedling growth, by up to 50%, was found especially for the pre-soaked seeds. These results were correlated with the increase of chlorophyll pigments concentrations, with higher concentrations in the case of NTP direct treatment than for the NTP with cover treatments. Direct NTP treatment for 30 s of dry seeds led to the highest increase of the flavonoid concentration of about three times compared to that obtained for untreated seeds. For the polyphenols and antioxidant activity, NTP with cover treatments proved to be better, with a significant increase, especially for 90 s treatment of the pre-soaked seeds. All the results indicate the possibility of tuning the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek sprouts by NTP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Motrescu
- Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi, 700490, Romania.
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment, 14 Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi, 700490, Romania.
| | - Constantin Lungoci
- Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi, 700490, Romania
| | - Mihai Alexandru Ciolan
- Research Center on Advanced Materials and Technologies, Department of Exact and Natural Science, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Blvd., No. 11, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Gerard Jităreanu
- Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi, 700490, Romania
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Environment, 14 Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi, 700490, Romania
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Kumar A, Singh N, Joshi R. Deciphering the metabolic signatures of Trigonella microgreens as a function of photoperiod and temperature using targeted compound analysis and non-targeted UHPLC-QTOF-IMS based approach. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113834. [PMID: 38163730 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) is an annual herb that belongs to Fabaceae family. The compositional make-up of microgreens depends on prevailing environmental conditions. So, Trigonella microgreens were cultivated under different photoperiod and temperature conditions and evaluated for plant height, total chlorophyll content (TCC), targeted compound analysis and non-targeted UHPLC-QTOF-IMS based metabolomic profile. The plant height and TCC of Trigonella microgreens increased by approximately 22 % and 20 %, respectively under T1 conditions (longer photoperiod of 22 h with 22 °C in light and 17 °C in dark). The targeted phenolic profile analysis revealed the dominant presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and apigenin in Trigonella microgreens. Also, the concentration of p-coumaric acid concentration raised from 3.51 mg/g to 5.83 mg/g as a response of T1 conditions. The sugar profile revealed augmented concentration of myo-inositol, glucose, fructose, xylose, maltose, and sucrose in longer photoperiod with T1 conditions. The microgreens were also rich in amino acids like aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. Notably, the concentration of proline increased from 10.40 mg/g to 16.92 mg/g as a response to T1 growth conditions. The concentration of these metabolites varied significantly under different photoperiod and temperature conditions. The comprehensive non-targeted UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis of microgreens revealed different class of metabolites like organic compounds, alkaloids, coumarin-derivatives, phenolic and flavonoid derivatives, terpenoids, sugars, amino acids and few nucleic acid derivatives. The multivariate PLS-DA explained different expression level of metabolites under different growing conditions. The T1 growing condition resulted in the increased biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and various metabolites. The expression level of terpenoid derivatives specifically of Trigonelloside C and Trigoneoside XIIa/b increased under T1 conditions. The substantial alteration in the metabolites due to growing conditions may alter the microgreen's dietary benefits. So, additional research may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India.
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India.
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Niu D, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS, Li J. Investigation of 3D printing of toddler foods with special shape and function based on fenugreek gum and flaxseed protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127203. [PMID: 37793534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The practicability of using corn and flaxseed protein as printing inks for manufacture of printed products specifically designed for toddlers as a dysphagia diet with high precision and special shapes with addition of fenugreek gum (FGG) was investigated. 3D printing was used to process grains and dysphagia-compatible food (corn) into a dietary product with attractive appearance which was also easy to swallow. Rheological measurements shown that appropriate amount of flaxseed protein (FP, 0-10 %) can reduce the stickiness and yield strength of printing material. Based on FTIR measurements, FP weakened the hydrogen bond strength of inks, but it was still an important gradient for the formation of the ink suitable for precision 3D printing. The TPA results shown that the addition of FP (0-10 %) remarkably reduced both the stickiness and hardness of the ink. These results shown that compared with the control group, materials with FGG additions possessed higher printing accuracy and self-supporting ability. Ink with 5 % FP content exhibited the best printability and swallowability, while ink with 10 % FP content had the lowest viscosity and hardness, but it was not suitable for 3D printing. 3D printing of objects printed using Ink-C (5%FP and 0.8 %FGG) showed high support characteristic and attractive appearance. According to the international IDDSI testing standards, Ink-C (5%FP and 0.8 %FGG), Ink-E (15%FP and 0.8 %FGG), and Ink-F (20%FP and 0.8 %FGG) were defined as level 5-minced and moist foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Changxing Shiying Science & Technology Co., Changxing, Zhejiang, China
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Shaukat TM, Omer MO, Javeed A, Rehman HU, Shaukat TM. Isolation of alkaloidal and glycosidal fractions from leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. cv. Desi indigenous to Pakistan for antiprostaglandin evaluation as substitute of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116730. [PMID: 37336337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) has been in use for a long time as a traditional medicine and natural food additive. The reported gastro-protective property makes it unique among other herbs. Seeds and leaves have been shown to exert significant antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, antianorexic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antihyperlipidemic, galactogogue and anti-inflammatory effects in several animal and human models. But its use as a substitute for ulcerative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs needs to be confirmed. AIM OF THE STUDY Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are in common use in treating inflammation associated with a variety of ailments, fever and pain such as menstrual cramps, back pain, arthritic pain and headaches. Their toxicity profile includes the risk of severe gastro-intestinal adverse events like increased bleeding tendency, ulceration, perforation, etc. Conventional NSAIDs have also been reported to reduce the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by affecting afferent arterioles in nephrons. Exacerbated potassium levels were noted in patients using NSAIDs concomitantly with antihypertensive drugs belonging to the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) classes. In this context, the need of the hour is to discover and isolate new compounds from the reported medicinal plants for evaluation of antiprostaglandin potential and safety profile in terms of the hepato-renal system. These compounds may be used as substitutes for NSAIDs in the future management of inflammation and pain with therapeutic equivalency and organ safety. In this scenario, the present study aimed to assess the antiprostaglandin potential of alkaloidal and glycosidal fractions from the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. cv. Desi variety, indigenous to Pakistan, in albino mice along with safety profile. The herb has been used as folk medicine since ancient times for treating inflammation and pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Alkaloidal and glycosidal fractions were separated from a methanol extract of leaves of the fenugreek Desi variety. After separation of fractions, their subsiding effects on carrageenan-induced inflammation, air pouch exudate prostaglandin-E2 levels, Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions were assessed in adult male albino mice. The safety profile of fractions was assessed by measuring their effects on mice sera hepato-renal biomarkers. RESULT Alkaloidal fraction of T. foenum Desi variety was found to be significantly effective in reducing inflammation, air pouch exudate PGE2 levels, fever (≤37 °C) and pain by inhibiting writhes (up to 96.58%) Gradual inhibition of paw edema was observed 1-6 h post-dose, with maximum reduction percentages of 62.82% and 62.57% for 100 mg and 200 mg, respectively. Both fractions did not disturb the normal physiology of the hepato-renal system by showing normal biomarker values. CONCLUSION In summary, the results demonstrate the potent antiprostaglandin potential of the alkaloidal fraction of gastroprotective fenugreek "Desi" leaves with hepato-renal system safety and hence justify its use as a substitute for ulcerative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood Shaukat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ovais Omer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood Shaukat
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Neagu E, Paun G, Albu C, Apreutesei OT, Radu GL. In Vitro Assessment of the Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts Processed Using Membrane Technologies. Molecules 2023; 28:7156. [PMID: 37894635 PMCID: PMC10609499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increased interest in the discovery of new natural herbal remedies for treating diabetes and inflammatory diseases. In this context, this work analyzed the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum herbs, which have been studied less from this point of view. Therefore, extracts were prepared and processed using membrane technologies, micro- and ultrafiltration, to concentrate the biologically active principles. The polyphenol and flavone contents in the extracts were analyzed. The qualitative analysis of the polyphenolic compounds was performed via HPLC, identifying chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and rutin in A. absinthium; chlorogenic acid, luteolin and rutin in A. vulgaris; and genistin in T. foenum-graecum. The antidiabetic activity of the extracts was analyzed by testing their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and the anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed by testing their ability to inhibit hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase. Thus, the concentrated extracts of T. foenum-graecum showed high inhibitory activity on a-amylase-IC50 = 3.22 ± 0.3 μg/mL-(compared with acarbose-IC50 = 3.5 ± 0.18 μg/mL) and high inhibitory activity on LOX-IC50 = 19.69 ± 0.52 μg/mL (compared with all standards used). The concentrated extract of A. vulgaris showed increased α-amylase inhibition activity-IC50 = 8.57 ± 2.31 μg/mL-compared to acarbose IC50 = 3.5 ± 0.18 μg/mL. The concentrated extract of A. absinthium showed pronounced LOX inhibition activity-IC50 = 19.71 ± 0.79 μg/mL-compared to ibuprofen-IC50 = 20.19 ± 1.25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Neagu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.N.); (G.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Gabriela Paun
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.N.); (G.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Camelia Albu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.N.); (G.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Oana Teodora Apreutesei
- Commercial Society for Medicinal Plant Research and Processing Plantavorel, 46 Cuza Voda Street, 610019 Piatra Neamt, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Lucian Radu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (E.N.); (G.P.); (C.A.)
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Faghfoori Z, Javadivala Z, Khalili Y, Malek Mahdavi A. Effects of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:626-634. [PMID: 37039783 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2202298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant therapies especially medicinal plants have gained lots of attention nowadays and have been consumed all over the world for treating different diseases particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent animal studies have indicated the benefits of fenugreek in RA and indicate that it may be a therapeutic candidate in RA; nonetheless, no systematic review is available about fenugreek and RA. This paper systematically reviewed the existing studies about fenugreek and RA and plausible mechanisms. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched until May 2022 and search alerts were used to receive studies issued after the primary search. There was no restriction in time and/or language. No human and in vitro research was detected; thus, animal investigations were considered. Also, the citations or references of studies were searched for potential studies. Book chapters, review papers, and grey literature (e.g. conference abstracts, dissertations, and patents) were not included. RESULTS Finally, 11 studies were entered in this systematic review. Animal investigations showed that fenugreek had favorable effects in RA and could control this disease via attenuating inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and displaying anti-arthritic activity. CONCLUSION Current review provides potent evidences about the efficacy of fenugreek in RA and elucidates the significance of more clinical investigations. HighlightsFenugreek had favorable effects in rheumatoid arthritis and could control this disease via attenuating inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and displaying anti-arthritic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Khalili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Rahat Breathe and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aslam MA, Ahmed S, Saleem M, Sardar R, Shah AA, Siddiqui MH, Shabbir Z. Mitigation of chromium-induced phytotoxicity in 28-homobrassinolide treated Trigonella corniculata L. by modulation of oxidative biomarkers and antioxidant system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115354. [PMID: 37595348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the toxic heavy metals that disturbs growth and physiological properties of plants. During the current study, Trigonella corniculata L. (Fenugreek) was exposed to different levels of Cr in potted soil. Chromium toxicity reduced fiber, ash, moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fats, and flavonoid content of T. corniculata. Considering the stress relieving effect of 28-homobrassinolide (28-HBR), seeds of T. corniculata were primed with different concentration of 28-HBR i.e., 0, 5, 10, and 20 µmol L-1. Application of 28-HBR reversed the toxic effect of Cr through improvement in activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Conclusively, 10 µmol L-1 28-HBR increased Cr tolerance in T. corniculata seedlings due to reduction in oxidative stress markers. It is further proposed that 28-HBR is an effective stress ameliorant to relive plants from various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zunera Shabbir
- Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, USA
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Parwez R, Aqeel U, Aftab T, Khan MMA, Naeem M. Melatonin supplementation combats nickel-induced phytotoxicity in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. plants through metal accumulation reduction, upregulation of NO generation, antioxidant defence machinery and secondary metabolites. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107981. [PMID: 37639982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) at a toxic level (80 mg kg-1 of soil) adversely affects the crop performance of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Melatonin (MEL), a potent plant growth regulator, is ascribed to offer promising roles in heavy metal stress alleviation. In this study, different doses viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM of MEL were administered to plants through foliage under normal and Ni-stress conditions. The experiment unveiled positive roles of MEL in enhancing root-shoot lengths, fresh-dry weights, seed yield and restoring photosynthetic efficiency assessed in terms of higher Fv/Fm, YII, qP, and lower NPQ values in plants exposed to Ni (80 mg kg-1). MEL supplementation (at 75 μM) effectively restricted Ni accumulation and regulated oxidative stress via modulation of MDA, O2-, H2O2 and NO generation, most prominently. Besides, MEL at 75 μM more conspicuously perked up the activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, POX, CAT and APX by 15.7, 20.0, 14.5 and 16.5% higher than the Ni-exposed plants for effective ROS scavenging. Likewise, MEL at 75 μM also efficiently counteracted Ni-generated osmotic stress, through an upscaled accumulation of proline (19.6%) along with the enhancement in the concentration of total phenols (13.6%), total tannins (11.2%), total flavonoids (25.5%) and total alkaloids (19.2%) in plant's leaves. Furthermore, under 80 mg kg-1 Ni stress, MEL at 75 μM improved the seed's trigonelline content by 40.1% higher compared to Ni-disturbed plants, upgrading the pharmacological actions of the plant. Thus, the present study deciphers the envisaged roles of MEL in the alleviation of Ni stress in plants to enhance overall crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsar Parwez
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Umra Aqeel
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Isenmann E, Alisauskas P, Flenker U, Schalla J, Diel P. The Anabolic Effect of Fenugreek: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:692-703. [PMID: 37253363 DOI: 10.1055/a-2048-5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant steroids to improve physical health and performance is becoming increasingly popular. One of these plant steroids is diosgenin, which is mainly available in fenugreek. As a result, some studies have been conducted to improve physical health. Fenugreek extracts are also becoming increasingly popular in the context of athletic performance. Based on these assumptions, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the promoting effects of fenugreek on strength performance, body composition, and hormone concentration. Four databases were screened according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The current version of ReviewManager (RevMan) was used for the statistical evaluation. Seven studies with 449 participants (378 male, 71 female) met the inclusion criteria. A small effect of fenugreek was detected for total testosterone (standard mean difference (SMD): 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 0.55), free testosterone (SMD: 0.24; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.52), lean body mass (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.49), fat mass (SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.44, 0.05), and leg press performance (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.47), in male athletes. The meta-analysis shows that chronic application of fenugreek has performance-enhancing and anabolic effects in male athletes, but no statements can be made for female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Science, Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Pijus Alisauskas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Schalla
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ahmad R, Alqathama A, Aldholmi M, Riaz M, Eldin SM, Mahtab Alam M, Abdelmohsen SAM. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of fenugreek flavonoids and its geographical-based comparative evaluation using green UHPLC-DAD analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 95:106382. [PMID: 37031535 PMCID: PMC10119955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study, for the first time, reports a simultaneous determination of flavonoids; rutin (RT), quercetin (QT), luteolin (LT), and kaempferol (KF) in different origins of fenugreek seeds samples (N = 45) using a green UHPLC-DAD analysis METHODOLOGY: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to extract fenugreek flavonoids using different polarity solvents of n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol (MeOH) RESULTS: The extract yield on an individual basis was observed in the range of 1.03-17.29 mg, with the highest yield (mg/sample) for the Egyptian sample (17.29 mg). The highest total extract yield (mg/origin) was observed for the Iranian sample (82.28 ± 5.38). The solvent with the highest extract yield (mg) was n-hex 169.35 ± 13.47, followed by MeOH 114.39 ± 12.27. The validated green UHPLC-DAD method resulted in a short runtime (9 min) with an accuracy of 97.86(±12.32)-101.37(±5.91), r2-values = 0.993-0.999, LOD = 2.09-4.48 ppm, and LOQ = 6.33-13.57 ppm for flavonoids analysis within the linearity range of 1-500 ppm. The general yield for flavonoids exhibited a descending order (ppm): RT (2924.55 ± 143.84) > QT (457.05 ± 34.07) > LT (82.37 ± 3.27) > KF (4.54 ± 0.00). The yield (ppm) for the flavonoids was more in MeOH solvent (3424.81 ± 235.44) constructing a descending order of MeOH > n-hex > DCM. For an individual flavonoid yield; MeOH was seen with an order of RT > QT > LT, n-hex (LT > QT), and DCM (RT > LT > QT). The statistical analysis of PCA (principle component analysis) revealed a widespread distribution of flavonoids in fenugreek seeds with a variance of 35.93% (PC1). Moreover, flavonoids extraction was prone to the nature and specificity of the solvent used (PC2: 33.34%) rather than the amount of the extract yield (P = 0.00). The K-mean cluster analysis showed the origins with higher flavonoids yield in appropriate solvent as I3M (Indian accession # 3 MeOH extract) with more QT amount, IR2M (Iranian accession # 2 MeOH extract) with more LT amount along with I2M (Indian accession # 2 MeOH extract) and Q2M (Qassim Saudi Arabia accession # 2 MeOH extract) containing high amount of RT. The outcomes are supported by KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Bartlett's test value of 0.56 with X2-value of 191.87 (P = 0.00) CONCLUSION: The samples were effectively evaluated and standardized in terms of flavonoid amount suggesting a significant variation in fenugreek quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldholmi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Hosseini SA, Hamzavi K, Safarzadeh H, Salehi O. Interactive effect of swimming training and fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract on glycemic indices and lipid profile in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:349-353. [PMID: 33017260 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1826529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Present study investigated the interactive effect of swimming training and fenugreek on glycemic index and lipid profile of diabetic rats. Forty-eight diabetic rats were randomly assigned to (1) control(C), (2) training(T), (3) fenugreek(F), and (4) training + fenugreek(T + F) groups and 12 healthy rats were placed in healthy control (HC) group. During 4 weeks, groups 2 and 4 performed swimming training for 5 sessions per week and groups 3 and 4 received 100 mg/kg fenugreek. training, fenugreek and training + fenugreek significantly decreased glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, LDL, VLDL, TG and TC as well as increased HDL (p ≤ .05) also training + fenugreek had more favourable effects on improving glycemic indices and lipid profile compared to training and fenugreek alone (p ≤ .05). It seems that training and fenugreek alone or synergistically improve the glycemic indices and lipid profile in diabetic rats, nevertheless the synergistic effects of training and fenugreek can be more desirable than the effect of each alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | | | - Hoda Safarzadeh
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Omidreza Salehi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Hassan DAE, Ghaleb SS, Zaki AR, Abdelmenem A, Nabil S, Alim MAA. The toxic effects of anabolic steroids "nandrolone decanoate" on cardiac and skeletal muscles with the potential ameliorative effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract in adult male albino rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:17. [PMID: 36922878 PMCID: PMC10015925 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anabolic steroids (AS) are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Nandrolone Decanoate is one of the Class II anabolic androgenic steroids which quickly spread globally and used clinically and illicitly. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin. METHODS Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination. RESULTS The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin I level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effect on the biochemical and histopathological changes. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract were evaluated on the heart, skeletal muscles and showed that, the tissue levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased in AS treated rats compared to the control group. On the other hand, the tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abd Elwahab Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sherien S Ghaleb
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 62514, Egypt
| | - Amr Reda Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmenem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Nabil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abdallah Abdel Alim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Hu X, Lee S, Manohar M, Chen J. Efficacy of Ascaroside #18 Treatments in Control of Salmonella enterica on Alfalfa and Fenugreek Seeds and Sprouts. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100064. [PMID: 36916549 PMCID: PMC10807822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel, natural, and effective antimicrobial intervention is in demand for improving the microbial safety of vegetable seeds/sprouts. This study assessed the efficacy of ascaroside treatment in the control of Salmonella enterica on alfalfa and fenugreek sprouts. Sanitized commercial seeds were treated with 1 mM or 1 µM ascaroside (ascr)#18, a plant immunity modulator (PIM) and dried for an hour before being inoculated with lyophilized S. Cubana or S. Stanley cells in sandy soil (104 CFU/g). Treated and untreated seeds were spouted on 1% water agar at 25°C in the dark. Seed or sprout samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7, and the population of Salmonella was determined. Data were fit into the general linear arrangement, and means were separated using Fisher's least significant difference test. Seed type, strain type, treatment type, and sprouting time were significant factors (P ≤ 0.05) influencing Salmonella growth on sprouts. The populations of Salmonella were significantly higher on fenugreek than on alfalfa sprouts. S. Stanley had a significantly higher population than S. Cubana. The population of Salmonella increased from day 0 to day 3 and reached the peak population on Day 5. Treatments with both concentrations of ascaroside significantly decreased the populations of Salmonella compared to the controls. The mean Salmonella population reduction was ca. 4 or 1 log CFU/g by treatment with 1 mM and 1 µM of the PIM, respectively. Treatment with the PIM could be potentially used to improve the microbial safety of vegetable seeds and sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | | | - Jinru Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA.
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Soni SK, Kumar G, Bajpai A, Singh R, Bajapi Y, Tiwari S. Hexavalent chromium-reducing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are utilized to bio-fortify trivalent chromium in fenugreek by promoting plant development and decreasing the toxicity of hexavalent chromium in the soil. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127116. [PMID: 36481602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenugreek is known to have good anti-diabetes properties. Moreover, several studies accounted that the trivalent form of chromium [Cr(III)] also have anti-diabetic properties. However, its hexavalent form i.e., Cr(VI) is known to be highly toxic and carcinogenic to living beings and retarded plant growth even if it is present in low concentration in soil. Many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are reported to have the potential to reduce the Cr(VI) into Cr(III) in soil. In view of the above, the present objective was designed to effectively utilize Cr(VI) reducing PGPRs for the growth and development of fenugreek plant in Cr(VI) amended soil, apart from reducing Cr(VI) in soil and fortification of Cr(III) in the aerial part of plants. METHODS The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Cr(VI)-reducing PGPRs viz. Bacillus cereus (SUCR44); Microbacterium sp. (SUCR140); Bacillus thuringiensis (SUCR186) and B. subtilis (SUCR188) on growth, uptake and translocation of Cr as well as other physiological parameters in fenugreek grown under artificially Cr(VI) amended soil (100 mg kg-1 of Cr(VI) in soil). RESULTS The aforementioned concentration of Cr(VI) in soil cause severe reduction in root length (41 %), plant height (43 %), dry root (38 %) and herb biomass (48 %), when compared with control negative (CN; uninoculated plant not grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil). However, the presence of Microbacterium sp.-SURC140 (MB) mitigates the Cr toxicity resulting in improved root length (92 %), plant height (86 %), dry root (74 %) and herb biomass (99 %) as compared with control positive (CP; uninoculated plants grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil). The maximum reduction in bioavailability (82 %) of Cr(VI) in soil and its uptake (50 %) by the plant were also observed in MB-treated plants. However, All Cr(VI)-reducing PGPRs failed to decrease the translocation of Cr to the aerial parts. Moreover, the plant treated with MB observed diminution in relative water content (13 %), electrolyte leakage (16%) and lipid peroxidation (38 %) as well as higher chlorophyll (37 %) carotenoids (17 %) contents and antioxidants (18%) potential. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MB can lower the Cr(VI) toxicity to the plant by reducing the bioavailable Cr(VI), consequently reducing the Cr(VI) toxicity level in soil and helping in improving the growth and yield of fenugreek. Additionally, Cr(III) uptakes and translocation may improve the effectiveness of fenugreek in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Soni
- Department of Microbial Technology Division, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; Crop Improvement and Biotechnology Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India.
| | - Govind Kumar
- Crop Production Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India
| | - Anju Bajpai
- Crop Improvement and Biotechnology Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India
| | - Rakshapal Singh
- Department of Microbial Technology Division, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India; Biological Central Facility, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Yashi Bajapi
- Crop Improvement and Biotechnology Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India
| | - Sudeep Tiwari
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Kermani M, Mostafapour A, Sabouri Z, Gheibihayat SM, Darroudi M. The photocatalytic, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Trigonella foenum-graecum L extract. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:19313-19325. [PMID: 36229728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the manufacture of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) was completed via the sol-gel method with Trigonella foenum-graecum L extract for the first time to function as the stabilizing and reducing agent. The obtained product was investigated by various analyzing procedures such as TGA/DTG, FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, and EDX/FESEM. The calcination of our product was conducted at temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C. In conformity to the XRD pattern, heightening the temperature of calcination caused an enlargement in the size of nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO-NPs was evaluated to degrade methylene blue and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes under UV light, which resulted in a degradation percentage of about 96% and 94%, after 90 min, respectively. There has been some evidence suggesting that the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs has increased their use in medicine. The outcomes of examining the cytotoxicity effect of this product against the Huh-7 cell line by the performance of the MTT assay were indicative of an IC50 of around 62.5 µg/mL. Finally, according to the results of the broth microdilution method, which was performed to assess the antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the value of MIC was in the range of 31 to 125 µg/mL. The obtained results from biological studies confirm the antibacterial and anticancer properties of ZnO-NPs, which are promising for applying NPs in medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Kermani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Mostafapour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Mansuri A, Chaudhari R, Nasra S, Meghani N, Ranjan S, Kumar A. Development of food-grade antimicrobials of fenugreek oil nanoemulsion-bioactivity and toxicity analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:24907-24918. [PMID: 35150423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials of natural origin are proving to be an effective solution to emerging antimicrobial resistance and its physiological side effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that essential oils encapsulated in the form of nanoemulsions have better antimicrobial activity than the oil itself, possibly due to its high stability, solubility, sustained release, and increased bioavailability. In the present study, fenugreek oil-a well-known antimicrobial and antioxidant-has been used to fabricate nanoemulsion (NE), with an objective to meet potential alternative to synthesized antimicrobials. A combination of three different components, water, fenugreek oil, and Tween 80, has been used to prepare the nanoemulsions of different size and one of the most stable nanoemulsion with lowest concentration of surfactant Tween 80 was used to assess its bioactivity, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity against human hepatic cell line. Among all the formulations, nano-emulsion with 2.5% oil concentration, 30 min sonication (hydrodynamic size 135.2 nm, zeta potential 36.8 mV, PDI 0.135, and pH 5.12), was selected for all studies. The nanoemulsion showed potential antibacterial activity against all the microbial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) used in this study. Interestingly, the nanoemulsion showed potential antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, known to show resistance against ampicillin. The toxicity evaluation in human hepatic cell line (WRL-68) indicated no significant toxicity of nanoemulsion up to the concentration of 800 µg/ml. The synthesized nanoemulsion thus has a translational potential as a food-grade non-toxic natural nanoantimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkhalik Mansuri
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Chaudhari
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Simran Nasra
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikita Meghani
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, (formerly Kanpur University), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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Shabil M, Bushi G, Bodige PK, Maradi PS, Patra BP, Padhi BK, Khubchandani J. Effect of Fenugreek on Hyperglycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59020248. [PMID: 36837450 PMCID: PMC9962665 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek is used for medicinal purposes in various traditions. Some studies have demonstrated that the seeds of this plant may have an anti-diabetic effect by lowering fasting blood sugar levels and improving glucose tolerance. We conducted a systematic review of the hypoglycemic effects of fenugreek. An electronic literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases through 18 November 2022 to find trials that assessed fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c changes in participants treated with fenugreek and in the control group. The mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to represent the analysis. Fourteen trials, consisting of 894 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed a reduction in fasting blood glucose levels (MD: 3.70, 95% CI of -27.02, 19.62; p = 0.76), postprandial blood glucose (MD: -10.61, 95% CI of -68.48, 47.26; p = 0.72), and HbA1c (MD: -0.88, 95% CI -1.49, -0.27; p = 0.00) with fenugreek consumption. While this review and included trials that found beneficial effects of fenugreek consumption on glycemic control, the quality and heterogeneity of studies remain a concern. Given the wider availability and lower cost of fenugreek, rigorous double-blinded randomized controlled trials should be conducted with fenugreek to understand its true potential as a diabetes control herbal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Shabil
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Ganesh Bushi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Pavan Kalyan Bodige
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Pavan Sagar Maradi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Patra
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hajipur, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Bijaya K. Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
- Correspondence: (B.K.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Correspondence: (B.K.P.); (J.K.)
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Ahmad J, Yasmeen R, Irfan M, Al-Huqail AA, Qureshi MI. Assessment of health risk, genotoxicity, and thiol compounds in Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) under arsenic stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:884-898. [PMID: 35907074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) traces have been reported worldwide in vegetables and crops cultivated in As-polluted soils. Being carcinogenic, the presence of As in edibles is of great concern as it ultimately reaches humans and animals through the food chain. Besides, As toxicity adversely affects the growth, physiology, metabolism, and productivity of crops. In the present study, Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) was exposed to the As stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM sodium arsenate) for a week. Further, evaluation of As accumulation in roots and shoots, magnitude and visualization of oxyradicals, and thiol-based defence offered by Fenugreek was assessed. The root and leaf accumulated 258-453 μg g-1 dry wt (DW) and 81.4-102.1 μg g-1 DW of As, respectively. An arsenic-mediated decline in the growth index and increase in oxidative stress was noted. Arsenic stress modulated the content of thiol compounds; especially cysteine content increased from 0.36 to 0.43 µmole g-1 FW protein was noted. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based analysis showed DNA damage in As-treated plants. Health risk assessment parameters showed that As concentration in the consumable plant shoot was below the critical hazard level (hazard quotient < 1). Moreover, T. foenum-graecum showed varied responses to As-induced oxidative stress with applied concentrations (150 μM being more toxic than lower concentrations). In addition, the RAPD profile and level of thiol compounds were proved significant biomarkers to assess the As toxicity in plants. The conclusion of this study will help users of fenugreek to have a clue and create awareness regarding the consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Rubina Yasmeen
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Tauqeer HM, Basharat Z, Adnan Ramzani PM, Farhad M, Lewińska K, Turan V, Karczewska A, Khan SA, Faran GE, Iqbal M. Aspergillus niger-mediated release of phosphates from fish bone char reduces Pb phytoavailability in Pb-acid batteries polluted soil, and accumulation in fenugreek. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120064. [PMID: 36055452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil receiving discharges from Pb-acid batteries dismantling and restoring units (PBS) can have a high concentration of phytoavailable Pb. Reducing Pb phytoavailability in PBS can decline Pb uptake in food crops and minimize the risks to humans and the environment. This pot study aimed to reduce the concentration of phytoavailable Pb in PBS through Aspergillus niger (A. niger)-mediated release of PO43- from fish bone [Apatite II (APII)] products. The PBS (Pb = 639 mg kg-1 soil) was amended with APII powder (APII-P), APII char (APII-C), and A. niger inoculum as separate doses, and combining A. niger with APII-P (APII-P + A. niger) and APII-C (APII-C + A. niger). The effects of these treatments on reducing the phytoavailability of Pb in PBS and its uptake in fenugreek were examined. Additionally, enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the PBS and the indices of plant physiology, nutrition, and antioxidant defense machinery were scoped. Results revealed that the APII-C + A. niger treatment was the most efficient one. Compared to the control, it significantly reduced the Pb phytoavailability (DTPA-extractable Pb fraction) in soil and its uptake in plant shoots, roots, and grain, up to 61%, 83%, 74%, and 92%. The grain produced under APII-C + A. niger were safe for human consumption as Pb concentration in grain was 4.01 mg kg-1 DW, remaining within the permissible limit set by WHO/FAO (2007). The APII-C + A. niger treatment also improved soil pH, EC, CEC, MBC, available P content and enzymatic activities, and the fenugreek quality parameters. A. niger played a significant role in solubilizing PO43- from APII-C, which reacted with Pb and formed insoluble Pb-phosphates, thereby reducing Pb phytoavailability in PBS and its uptake in plants. This study suggests APII-C + A. niger can remediate Pb-polluted soils via reducing Pb phytoavailability in them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeeshan Basharat
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muniba Farhad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Karolina Lewińska
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Department of Soil Science and Remote Sensing of Soilsul, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznań, Poland
| | - Veysel Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Anna Karczewska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Shahbaz Ali Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Gull-E Faran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Ahmad J, Beg MA, Ali AA, Al-Huqail AA, Qureshi MI. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) differentially regulates antioxidant potential, photosynthetic, and metabolic activities under arsenic stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114128. [PMID: 36193587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination is continuously increasing in the groundwaters and soils around the world causing toxicity in the plants with a detrimental effect on physiology, growth, and yield. In a hydroponic system, thirty-day-old plants of Trigonella foenum-graecum were subjected to 0, 50, or 100 µM NaHAsO40.7 H2O for 10 days. The magnitude of oxidative stress increased, whereas growth indices and photosynthetic parameters decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The efficiency of photosystem II in terms of Hill reaction activity (HRA) or chlorophyll-a was adversely affected by As stress. The antioxidant potential of plants regarding ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays was enhanced, indicating the augmented resistance mechanism in plants to counter As stress. The metabolite analysis of leaf extracts revealed many As responsive metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars/polyols, and others. Phenylalanine and citrulline were highly accumulated at 50 or 100 µM As, salicylic acid accumulated more at 50 µM of As while ascorbic acid notably increased at 100 µM of As. At 50 or 100 µM As, the glucose and fructose contents increased while the sucrose content decreased. At both As doses, tagatose and glucitol contents were 13 times higher than controls. Varied accumulation of metabolites could be associated with the different As doses that represent the range of tolerance in T. foenum-graecum towards As toxicity. Pathway analysis of metabolites revealed that amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and the citrate cycle play important roles under As stress. This study helps in a better metabolomic understanding of the dose-dependent toxicity and response of As in T. foenum-graecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Md Amjad Beg
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| | - Arlene A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Noureen A, De Marco G, Rehman N, Jabeen F, Cappello T. Ameliorative Hematological and Histomorphological Effects of Dietary Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13462. [PMID: 36294038 PMCID: PMC9603639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different types of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are being used for wastewater treatment worldwide but concerns have been raised regarding their potential toxicities, especially toward non-targeted aquatic organisms including fishes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of copper oxide (CuO) NPs (1.5 mg/L; positive control group) in a total of 130 common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as well as the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extracts (100 mg/L as G-1 group, 125 mg/L as G-2 group, and 150 mg/L as G-3 group) administered to fish for 28 days. Significant changes were observed in the morphometric parameters: the body weight and length of the CuO-NP-treated fish respectively decreased from 45.28 ± 0.34 g and 14.40 ± 0.56 cm at day one to 43.75 ± 0.41 g and 13.57 ± 0.67 cm at day 28. Conversely, fish treated with T. foenum-graecum seed extract showed significant improvements in body weight and length. After exposure to CuO NPs, a significant accumulation of Cu was recorded in the gills, livers, and kidneys (1.18 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, 1.38 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, and 0.05 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, respectively) of the exposed common carp, and significant alterations in fish hematological parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT)) were also observed. However, supplementing diets with fenugreek extracts modulated the blood parameters and the oxidative stress enzymes. Similarly, histological observations revealed that sub-lethal exposure to CuO NPs caused severe histomorphological changes in fish gills (i.e., degenerative epithelium, fused lamellae, necrotic lamellae, necrosis of primary lamellae, complete degeneration, and complete lamellar fusion), liver (i.e., degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, damaged central vein, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, and complete degeneration), and kidney (i.e., necrosis and tubular degeneration, abnormal glomerulus, swollen tubules, and complete degeneration), while the treatment with the fenugreek extract significantly decreased tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner by lowering the accumulation of Cu in the selected fish tissues. Overall, this work demonstrated the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation with T. foenum-graecum seed extract against the toxicity of NPs in aquatic organisms. The findings of this study therefore provided evidence of the promising nutraceutical value of fenugreek and enhanced its applicative potential in the sector of fish aquaculture, as it was shown to improve the growth performance and wellness of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nagina Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Almalki DA, Naguib DM. Anticancer Activity of Aqueous Fenugreek Seed Extract Against Pancreatic Cancer, Histological Evidence. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 53:683-686. [PMID: 34472011 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the malignant tumors in the digestive system all over the world. It has a very low survival rate. Although there is a great advancement in its therapy either through radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other therapies, the overall survival is still less than 24 months. Another problem for pancreatic cancer is the resistance to its conventional chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine). From this point of view, there is an urgent need to find an effective drug treatment METHODS: The anticancer activity of the germinated fenugreek seed extract is examined in vitro and in vivo against BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Two groups of albino mice were injected with BXPC-3 cells: the first group remained non-treated and the second group was injected with IC50 of the fenugreek extract. The body weight and the survival rate were observed in the two groups and histological examination of the pancreatic tissue was observed RESULTS: Germinated fenugreek seed extract can be efficiently maximized the survival rate in pancreatic cancer mice and protect the pancreatic tissue from lesions related to cancer. CONCLUSION Germinated fenugreek seed extract can be used to fight pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daklallah Ahmed Almalki
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deyala M Naguib
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Qilwah, Albaha University, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia.
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Abdellatif AAH, Osman SK, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Faris TM, Alqasoumi A, Mousa AM, Bouazzaoui A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles reduced with Trigonella foenum-graecum and their effect on tumor necrosis factor-α in MCF7 cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5529-5539. [PMID: 35993650 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202208_29424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. They have been reported to reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - a proinflammatory cytokine involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis - in cell lines. As patients with breast cancer have been reported to have higher serum TNF levels, we aimed at developing a novel treatment for breast cancer by evaluating the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract (TFG)-reduced AgNPs on the MCF-7 cell line, which serves as a model of human breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS TFG-capped AgNPs were synthesized using a green reduction method, in which TFG reduced silver nitrate to generate AgNPs-TFG. The particle size, surface charge, ultraviolet (UV)-visible (VIS) spectra, surface morphology, % yield, and in vitro Ag+ release of the formulated AgNPs-TFG were evaluated. Additionally, the prepared NPs were examined for cytotoxicity using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The prepared AgNPs-TFG were uniform, small, discrete, and non-aggregated with a particle size of 22.5±0.75 nm and ζ-potential of -47.45±0.666 mV. The yield of AgNPs-TFG was 224.545±3.9 µM. Furthermore, the AgNP-TFG thin film exhibited a prolonged release of Ag+ in phosphate buffer for up to 11 h. AgNPs-TFG suppressed TNF-α expression at mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the formulated AgNPs-TFG did not exhibit any toxicity toward MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AgNP-TFG could effectively inhibit TNF-α. These results provide significant insights for developing new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other inflammatory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Gull S, Chaudhry BA, Uzair M, Ghaffari MA, Imran M, Haneef M, Younus M, Ashfaq K, Abbas M, Razaque G. Phytochemical investigations and biological work on aerial parts and roots of Trigonella polycerata. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022; 35:1261-1267. [PMID: 36218105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to purify the phytoconstituents and to explore the antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of aerial and root parts of Trigonella polycerata. The phytochemical study on methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant led to the isolation and purification of seven compounds that were identified as 3,4-dimethoxycinnamaldehyde, Trigocoumarin, 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin, Penduletin, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4´-tetramethoxyflavone, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6,4-dimethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxyflavone. These structures were elucidated by interpretation of EI-MS and NMR spectral data. The plant aerial parts methanol extract (TPAM) demonstrated higher antibacterial (78.99%), phytotoxic (85% growth regulation at 1000μg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (LD50: 45.643μg/mL). While the methanol root extract (TPRM) was highly active against bacteria's; Salmonella typhi (71.56%), Staphylococcus aureus (70.15%), Escherichia coli (69%), fungi like Candida albicans (70.21%) and moderately active against Brine shrimp larvae (LD50: 125.663μg/mL). The dichloromethane aerial (TPAD) and root (TPRD) extracts exhibited significant antibacterial (78.03% and 50.21% inhibitions respectively) and phytotoxic (55% growth regulation at 1000μg/mL) potential. Only TPAD indicated the best inhibition against fungi; Aspergillus flavus (75.31%) and moderate inhibition against Microsporum canis (42.21%). This phytochemical and biological work is the first time reported in Trigonella polycerata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Gull
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Haneef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ghulam Razaque
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Health sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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Farouk SM, Abdel-Rahman HG, Abdallah OA, El-Behidy NG. Comparative immunomodulatory efficacy of rosemary and fenugreek against Escherichia coli infection via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress in broilers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:40053-40067. [PMID: 35112249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Broiler chickens are frequently infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, which often leads to the emergence of many diseases and high economic losses. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess the relative efficacy of dietary rosemary and fenugreek, under E. coli infection in broilers and their ability to replace antimicrobials without any loss of productivity or negative influence on broiler health, via evaluation of growth performance, biochemical indices, immune response and histo-morphological changes. Eighty Cobb broilers were allotted to four equal groups (n = 20 chicks/group): control non-infected (CN), control infected (CI), rosemary infected (RI) and fenugreek infected (FI) groups. The RI and FI groups revealed a significant elevation in their body weight and body weight gain compared with the CI group. However, both groups showed a significant decline in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as uric acid and creatinine levels. A significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was noted among CI chicks. Moreover, distinctly higher activities were evident in both RI and FI groups. Assessment of immunomodulatory markers showed a significant increase in immunoglobulin G along with a significant decline in interleukin-6 level in both RI and FI groups, with the lowest IL-6 value within FI group. Histopathological evaluations focused on the deleterious effect associated with E. coli infection of broilers' liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Partial histological improvement was noticed among RI group, and nearly normal tissues were recorded in FI group. Overall, the obtained findings suggest the ability of fenugreek to mitigate the adverse effects of E. coli infection on broiler performance and tissue profiles, by improving the general health status of the broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh M Farouk
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Haidy G Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Osama A Abdallah
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Farshori NN. Hepatoprotective effect of Trigonella foenum graecum against ethanol-induced cell death in human liver cells (HepG2 and Huh7). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2765-2776. [PMID: 35064405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant Trigonella foenum graecum, also known as fenugreek, has been shown to have anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) against ethanol-induced cell death was investigated in human liver cells (HepG2 and Huh7). METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of FSE and ethanol on cells was evaluated by exposing the cells at different concentrations. Following that, the cells were pre-incubated with 5-25 μg/ml FSE, followed by a cytotoxic concentration (0.5 mM) of ethanol. MTT and neutral red uptake assays were performed in treated cells to assess the ability of FSE to protect cells from the cytotoxic effects of ethanol. When compared to controls, ethanol treatment significantly reduced the viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells and altered the cell morphology, whereas treatment with FSE significantly increased cell viability and reversed ethanol-induced morphological changes. Furthermore, pretreatment with FSE dose-dependently reduced lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) leakage, lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, and catalase activities while increasing glutathione (GSH) level induced by ethanol. Pretreatment with FSE also reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase enzyme activities, and protein expression of caspase-3 and -9. In HepG2 cells, ethanol-induced apoptosis was observed, whereas FSE treatment reduced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic marker genes and upregulating the antiapoptotic gene. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study reports on the mechanistic details of the hepatoprotective potential of FSE. The results also suggest that fenugreek seeds may be useful in preventing liver diseases caused by toxicants such as ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Nayyar Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Sharma A, Daştan SD, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Taheri Y, Das R, Mitra S, Emran TB, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:1035441. [PMID: 35677108 PMCID: PMC9168095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P .K, Pakistan
| | - Anshu Sharma
- 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, 173230, India
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- 6Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 7Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- 8Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajib Das
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- 11Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- 12Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 13Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Calina
- 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 15Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Fatima SN, Masood J. Fenugreek seeds attenuate thioacetamide induced liver damage. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:933-942. [PMID: 34602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intention to conduct this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Fenugreek seeds' extract supplementation in thioacetamide induced liver damage in male Sprague Dawley rats. For this study, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats (200-264gm) were distributed randomly into four groups. Group I remained untreated as control rats, group II received thioacetamide (200mg/Kg b.w i.p, administered on alternative days for 8 weeks), group III received thioacetamide (200mg/Kg b.w i.p administered on alternative days for 8 weeks) as well as 2ml of 2% extract of fenugreek seeds (orally administered daily from 4th week till 8th week of the experiment. Group IV only received 2ml of 2% extract of Fenugreek seeds daily for 4 weeks respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was sampled to obtain plasma that was used for the analysis of liver markers and liver was used for analysis of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD). Increase in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT and ALP levels, catalase activity and decrease in SOD activity was found in TAA-treated groups which assured liver damage. Whereas, treatment with Fenugreek seeds extract restored the altered levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, ALP, catalase and SOD activities in the Test + Supp group. The results of this study confirmed the hepatoprotective role of Fenugreek seeds extract in thioacetamide induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nuzhat Fatima
- Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Research Lab., Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Masood
- Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Research Lab., Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mohamadi N, Sharififar F, Ansari M, Pournamdari M, Rezaei M, Hassanabadi N. Pharmacokinetic profile of diosgenin and trigonelline following intravenous and oral administration of fenugreek seed extract and pure compound in rabbit. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2021; 23:466-477. [PMID: 32447972 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1769609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DI) and trigonelline (TRG) are the main bioactive compounds of fenugreek seed. A micro-extraction method using magnetic nanocomposites coupled with ion-pairing reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was used to determine the analytes in rabbit plasma. The main PK parameters after oral administration of pure DI and the extract were: Cmax: 0.48, 0.057 µg/ml; tmax: 1, 2 h; and t1/2β: 6.23, 15.04 h, respectively. Pure TRG and the extract PK parameters were: Cmax: 0.121, 0.081 µg/ml; tmax: 1.30, 1.30 h; and t1/2β: 20.06, 24.70 h, respectively. Generally, the PK profile of the two compounds was best fitted on the two-compartment model.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohamadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Pournamdari
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Navid Hassanabadi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
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Waghmare RD, Gunjal DB, Naik VM, Gore AH, Nimbalkar MS, Anbhule PV, Bhosale SV, Sohn D, Kolekar GB. Carbon Nanodots Derived from Kitchen Waste Biomass as a Growth Accelerator for Fenugreek Plant. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2021; 21:2234-2245. [PMID: 33500038 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the utilization of kitchen waste biomass as a source of carbonaceous material for carbon nanodots synthesis and its application as a plant growth regulator in agricultural crops. The water soluble carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by pyrolysis of kitchen derived waste tea residue (WTR) and used in the field of agriculture nanotechnology. Herein, we have explored the effect of different concentrations of WTR-CDs (10, 30 and 50 mg/L) on growth of FG with respect to various plant growth parameters. It was observed that the WTR-CDs has positive effect on all plant growth parameters investigated and also assist for micronutrient uptake which is confirmed by AAS and zeta potential measurement. UV light, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy examination were employed for the understanding of uptake and transport route of WTR-CDs in FG plant through absorption of WTR-CDs by root as well as seed coat along with water. Therefore, the growth of FG was a significant increase in quality of the plant which appears to be effective and no serious side effects were seen during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D Waghmare
- Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Datta B Gunjal
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Vaibhav M Naik
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal Vidyanagar, Barodli 394350, Gujarat
| | | | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Govind B Kolekar
- Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
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Missaoui T, Smiri M, Chemingui H, Alhalili Z, Hafiane A. Disturbance in Mineral Nutrition of Fenugreek Grown in Water Polluted with Nanosized Titanium Dioxide. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 106:327-333. [PMID: 33247788 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NPs) toxicity in the plant has drawn considerable attention. Fenugreek plants were cultivated for 16 days in hydroponic experiments and treated with 50 and 100 mg L- 1 titanium oxide (TiO2) NPs of two sizes [23 ± 1.6 nm (D1) and 83 ± 15 nm. (D2)]. The level of Ti in roots was higher than that of leaves and stems of plants treated with 100 mg L- 1 of TiO2 NPs (D1, D2). Ti caused a depletion of Ca and Mn compared with root control. The titane (Ti) damage to root cellular membranes could alter the plant's capacity to absorb and transport some nutrients. In our study, increasing the size of TiO2 NPs produced increases in the contents of Mg, Zn and Mn, and a decline in the contents of Fe and Cu in leaves and stems. In roots, Fe and Cu decreased after TiO2 NPs (D2) exposure. Changes in the fenugreek plant mineral composition were assessed, and physiological disturbances could be directly correlated with exposure to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Missaoui
- Laboratory of Water, Membranes and Environment Biotechnology (LEMBE) Technopole of Borj Cedria (CERTE), 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
- National Agronomy Institute of Tunis, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Moêz Smiri
- Shaqra University, College of Science and Arts - Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Water, Membranes and Environment Biotechnology (LEMBE) Technopole of Borj Cedria (CERTE), 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Chemingui
- Laboratory of Water, Membranes and Environment Biotechnology (LEMBE) Technopole of Borj Cedria (CERTE), 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- Shaqra University, College of Science and Arts - Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hafiane
- Laboratory of Water, Membranes and Environment Biotechnology (LEMBE) Technopole of Borj Cedria (CERTE), 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Krishnan S, Kumar S, Nejad ZD, Majeed Khan MA, Alam J. Evaluating heavy metals contamination in soil and vegetables in the region of North India: Levels, transfer and potential human health risk analysis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 82:103563. [PMID: 33310081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in different vegetables in different seasons and attributed a serious health hazard to human adults due to the consumption of such vegetables in Jhansi. The total amounts of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and cadmium (Cd) were analysed in 28 composite samples of soil and vegetables (Fenugreek, spinach, eggplant, and chilli) collected from seven agricultural fields. The transfer factor (TF) of HMs from soil to analysed vegetables was calculated, and significant non-carcinogenic health risks due to exposure to analysed heavy metals via consumption of these vegetables were computed. The statistical analysis involving Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation matrix suggested that anthropogenic activities were a major source of HMs in the study areas. The target hazard quotient of Cd, Mn, and Pb for fenugreek (2.156, 2.143, and 2.228, respectively) and spinach (3.697, 3.509, 5.539, respectively) exceeded the unity, indicating the high possibilities of non-carcinogenic health risks if regularly consumed by human beings. This study strongly suggests the continuous monitoring of soil, irrigation water, and vegetables to prohibit excessive accumulation in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India.
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute of Sustainable Environment (RISE), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Zahra Derakhshan Nejad
- Department of Energy Resources Geosystem Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M A Majeed Khan
- Kind Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Alam
- Kind Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Asad M, Jabeen F, Ayaz S. Assessment of ameliorative effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum against CuO-NPs induced toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:387-395. [PMID: 34275784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the ameliorative effect of Trigonella foenum graceum extract against copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) induced toxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. For this purpose 100 healthy fish weighing 20±2.34g were randomly divided into five different groups in duplicates and designated as control (C) no treatment, positive control (G*) treated with 0.12mg/L of CuO-NPs, experimental co-treated groups G1, G2 and G3 were treated with Trigonella foenum-graecum extract @ 18, 26 and 52mg/L along with 0.12 mg/L of CuO-NPs, respectively. In this study significant (P<0.05) changes were observed in the antioxidant activity of enzymes and histological alterations in the liver and intestine of fish in G*, G1 and G2 groups while a good ameliorative response of Trigonella foenum-graecum was observed in G3. Dose dependent alterations in glutathione, lipid peroxides, catalase, and malondialdehyde as well as histological architecture of liver and intestine were observed in treated groups, where more alterations were observed in positive control and low dose treated groups of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Moreover, more ameliorative effect was observed in high dose of Trigonella foenum-graecum treated group (G3). This study is novel as no previous data is available on the amelioration of Trigonella foenum-graecum extract against CuO-NPs induced toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sevrin T, Boquien CY, Gandon A, Grit I, de Coppet P, Darmaun D, Alexandre-Gouabau MC. Fenugreek Stimulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Milk Synthesis and Milk Flow through Modulation of Insulin/GH/IGF-1 Axis and Oxytocin Secretion. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1208. [PMID: 33081164 PMCID: PMC7602737 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated galactagogue effect of fenugreek in a rat model of lactation challenge, foreshadowing its use in women's breastfeeding management. To assess longitudinal molecular mechanisms involved in milk synthesis/secretion in dams submitted to fenugreek supplementation, inguinal mammary, pituitary glands and plasma were isolated in forty-three rats nursing large 12 pups-litters and assigned to either a control (CTL) or a fenugreek-supplemented (FEN) diet during lactation. RT-PCR were performed at days 12 and 18 of lactation (L12 and L18) and the first day of involution (Inv1) to measure the relative expression of genes related to both milk synthesis and its regulation in the mammary gland and lactogenic hormones in the pituitary gland. Plasma hormone concentrations were measured by ELISA. FEN diet induced 2- to 3-times higher fold change in relative expression of several genes related to macronutrient synthesis (Fasn, Acaca, Fabp3, B4galt1, Lalba and Csn2) and energy metabolism (Cpt1a, Acads) and in IGF-1 receptor in mammary gland, mainly at L12. Pituitary oxytocin expression and plasma insulin concentration (+77.1%) were also significantly increased. Altogether, these findings suggest fenugreek might extend duration of peak milk synthesis through modulation of the insulin/GH/IGF-1 axis and increase milk ejection by activation of oxytocin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sevrin
- FRANCE Bébé Nutrition (FBN) Laboratory, 53000 Laval, France;
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Clair-Yves Boquien
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Alexis Gandon
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Isabelle Grit
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Pierre de Coppet
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
- Nantes University Hospital (CHU) Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Alexandre-Gouabau
- Mixed Research Unit 1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional adaptations (UMR 1280 PhAN) Nantes University, Research Center in Human Nutrition-West (CRNH-O), Institute of Digestive Tract Diseases (IMAD), French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.-Y.B.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (P.d.C.); (D.D.)
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Noohpisheh Z, Amiri H, Farhadi S, Mohammadi-Gholami A. Green synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites using Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract and their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and photocatalytic properties. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 240:118595. [PMID: 32599480 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, biological synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites was performed using hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek leaves. Metal/semiconductor oxide nanocomposites are excellent owing to their optical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical properties that are not detected in single individual constituents. The synthesized Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were investigated through the use of methods such as FTIR, UV vis DRS, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, zeta potential analysis, and DLS. The synthesized Ag-ZnO nanocomposites had an average particle size of about 75 nm and a zeta potential of -37.5 mV. The XRD results confirmed that Ag was successfully introduced into the Ag-ZnO nanocomposites via a hydrothermal method. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against three microbial and fungal strains; it was found that the Ag-ZnO nanocomposites were toxic against all the tested microbial and fungal strains. Ag-ZnO nanocomposites was observed to have significant antioxidant activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. The Ag-ZnO nanocomposites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and stability against the degradation of malachite green under visible light irradiation. The study successfully applied a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesizing efficient multifunctional Ag-ZnO nanocomposites using green synthetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamzeh Amiri
- Department of Biology, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Saeed Farhadi
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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He YF, Wang RN, Zhang LL, Wang Y, Lin PC. [Extraction technology, composition analysis and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of volatile oil from fenugreek leaves]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:3161-3168. [PMID: 32726025 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200523.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To define the extraction process, main components and antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of volatile oil from fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum) leaves and its active substance basis. Response surface methodology was used for optimum supercritical CO_2 extraction conditions of essential oil from fenugreek leaves. The main components of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS) free radical, and the antimicrobial effect of volatile oil was evaluated by K-B paper AGAR diffusion method. The results showed that the optimal extraction temperature was 50 ℃, the extraction time was 89 min, and the extraction pressure was 35 MPa. Under the conditions, the optimum extracting yield of volatile oil was 1.72%,which was about 1.5 times higher than that of the conventional steam distillation. A total of 52 compounds were found based on reference substance retention time and GC-MS fragmentation information or the existing literatures, and the major compounds were oleic acid(9.65%), carveol(9.41%), n-hexadecanoic acid(9.1%), linoleic acid(6.95%), methyl linolenate(5.4%), petroselinic acid(5.3%), testosterone(3.4%), sotolon(1.75%). The volatile oil of fenugreek showed moderate antioxidant activities in DPPH assay(IC_(50) value of 0.473 mg·mL~(-1)) and ABTS test(IC_(50) value of 0.107 mg·mL~(-1)). The oil had a stronger antimicrobial activity in vitro. MIC of the volatile oil ranged from 0.375 to 1.5 mg·mL~(-1). The results showed that the optimized volatile oil extraction process was stable, and the extraction yield was high. Fenugreek leaves contained a variety of volatile components, with obvious antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides a certain theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng He
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University Xining 810007, China Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810007, China
| | - Rui-Nan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University Xining 810007, China Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810007, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Qinghai University for Nationalities Law School Xining 810007, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University Xining 810007, China Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810007, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University Xining 810007, China Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810007, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes or night sweats) are closely related to the impaired quality of life in menopausal women. Fenugreek is the ripe seed of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. In China, this plant is used to relieve menopausal symptoms in women. Although recent studies have shown that fenugreek may have a good effect on the menopausal symptoms, there is no meta-analysis to systematically evaluate its efficacy in improving menopausal vasomotor symptoms. METHODS Randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria will be retrieved in 5 English online databases and 4 Chinese online databases. The primary outcomes are changes in frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms that measured by validated scales. The secondary outcomes will include quality of life, blood hormone parameters, blood biochemical parameters, and adverse events. Heterogeneity of data will be assessed by I and Cochrane Q statistics. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Egger test and Begg test will be used to assess the publication bias. Finally, we will evaluate the quality of evidence by the GRADE approach. All the data statistics will be performed using the STATA 15.0 software. RESULTS All the results of will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fenugreek in the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/3BCY8.
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Bal T, Swain S. Microwave assisted synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted polymeric blend of fenugreek seed mucilage-Polyvinyl alcohol (FSM-PVA-g-PAM) and its characterizations as tissue engineered scaffold and as a drug delivery device. Daru 2020; 28:33-44. [PMID: 30712231 PMCID: PMC7214592 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave assisted synthesis of graft copolymer of polymeric blend of Fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM)-Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with acrylamide (AM) was done by free radical polymerization using ammonium per sulfate (APS) as initiator. Varying amount of AM and APS was used to optimize the best grade based on highest percentage grafting efficiency and investigated with intrinsic viscosity measurement, Fourier Transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),13C NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy. The results of intrinsic viscosity indicate that the optimized sample GF4 has longer chain length than in comparison to the native mucilage and thus exhibits more swelling tendencies and thus can be used as very good controlled release matrix system. The thermal analysis and X-ray indicates that GF4 is more stable and possess more amorphous properties than the native FSM. The NMR and FT-IR studies reveal that in GF4 there is prominent presence of amide and the hydroxyl groups indicating that grafting mechanism has efficiently taken place. Histological studies & SEM image for optimized grade implanted on animals revealed sufficient tissue growth and exhibited biodegradability proving the material to be biocompatible and suitable to be used as tissue engineered scaffolds. The controlled release behavior of the optimized polymeric system GF4 was evidenced by 95% release of loaded drug Enalapril maleate for 16 h. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Bal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
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Mohammadi M, Mashayekh T, Rashidi-Monfared S, Ebrahimi A, Abedini D. New insights into diosgenin biosynthesis pathway and its regulation in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:229-241. [PMID: 31469464 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout history, thousands of medicinal and aromatic plants have been widely utilised by people worldwide. Owing to them possessing of valuable compounds with little side effects in comparison with chemical drugs, herbs have been of interest to humans for a number of purposes. Diosgenin, driven from fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., has extensively drawn scientist's attention owing to having curable properties and being a precursor of steroid hormones synthesis. Nonetheless, complete knowledge about the biosynthesis pathway of this metabolite is still elusive. OBJECTIVE In the present research, we isolated the full-length CDS of 14 genes involving in diosgenin formation and measured their expression rate in various genotypes, which had illustrated different amount of diosgenin. METHODOLOGY The genes were successfully isolated, and functional motifs were also assessed using in silico approaches. RESULTS Moreover, combining transcript and metabolite analysis revealed that there are many genes playing the role in diosgenin formation, some of which are highly influential. Among them, ∆24 -reductase, which converts cycloartenol to cycloartanol, is the first-committed and rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Additionally, no transcripts indicating to the presence or expression of lanosterol synthase were detected, contradicting the previous hypothesis about the biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin in fenugreek. CONCLUSION Considering all these, therefore, we propose the most possible pathway of diosgenin. This knowledge will then pave the way toward cloning the genes as well as engineering the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohammadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Mashayekh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Davar Abedini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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