1
|
Evans JT, Phan H, Buscot MJ, Gall S, Cleland V. Correlates and determinants of transport-related physical activity among adults: an interdisciplinary systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1519. [PMID: 35945518 PMCID: PMC9363261 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) has been identified as a way to increase physical activity due to its discretionary and habitual nature. Factors thought to influence TRPA span multiple disciplines and are rarely systematically considered in unison. This systematic review aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal factors associated with adult TRPA across multiple research disciplines. METHODS Using four electronic databases, a systematic search of English, peer-reviewed literature from 2010 - 2020 was performed. Studies quantitatively examining factors associated with the outcome of adult TRPA were eligible. RESULTS Seventy-three studies (n = 66 cross-sectional; n = 7 longitudinal) were included, cumulatively reporting data from 1,278,632 observations. Thirty-six factors were examined for potential association with TRPA and presented in a social-ecological framework: individual (n = 15), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 18). Seven factors were found to be consistently associated with higher adult TRPA: lower socio-economic status, higher self-efficacy, higher social normalization, lower distance of travel, higher destination concentration, more streetlighting, and higher public transportation frequency with a greater number of terminals near route start and endpoints. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive compilation of the correlates and determinants of adult TRPA. Seven individual, social, and environmental factors demonstrated consistent associations with TRPA. Models formed using these factors may facilitate more effective promotion of TRPA. There is a lack of longitudinal studies as well as studies assessing cognitive/attitudinal and social factors, highlighting gaps for further research. Those developing policies and strategies targeting TRPA need to consider a range of factors at the individual, social, and environmental level to maximise the likelihood of effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Evans
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia
- Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St., 7000, Hobart, Australia.
- Honorary Fellow, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ratan R, Earle K, Rosenthal S, Hua Chen VH, Gambino A, Goggin G, Stevens H, Li B, Lee KM. The (digital) medium of mobility is the message: Examining the influence of e-scooter mobile app perceptions on e-scooter use intent. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
3
|
Young DR, Cradock AL, Eyler AA, Fenton M, Pedroso M, Sallis JF, Whitsel LP. Creating Built Environments That Expand Active Transportation and Active Living Across the United States: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 142:e167-e183. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is vital for the health and well-being of youth and adults, although the prevalence of physical activity continues to be low. Promoting active transportation or human-powered transportation through policy, systems, and environmental change is one of the leading evidence-based strategies to increase physical activity regardless of age, income, racial/ethnic background, ability, or disability. Initiatives often require coordination across federal, state, and local agencies. To maximize the effectiveness of all types of interventions, it is imperative to establish strong and broad partnerships across professional disciplines, community members, and advocacy groups. Health organizations can play important roles in facilitating these partnerships. This policy statement provides recommendations and resources that can improve transportation systems, enhance land use design, and provide education to support policies and environments to promote active travel. The American Heart Association supports safe, equitable active transportation policies in communities across the country that incorporate consistent implementation evaluation. Ultimately, to promote large increases in active transportation, policies need to be created, enforced, and funded across multiple sectors in a coordinated and equitable fashion. Active transportation policies should operate at 3 levels: the macroscale of land use, the mesoscale of pedestrian and bicycle networks and infrastructure such as Complete Streets policies and Safe Routes to School initiatives, and the microscale of design interventions and placemaking such as building orientation and access, street furnishings, and safety and traffic calming measures. Health professionals and organizations are encouraged to become involved in advocating for active transportation policies at all levels of government.
Collapse
|
4
|
Malambo P, De Villiers A, Lambert EV, Puoane T, Kengne AP. Associations of perceived neighbourhood safety from traffic and crime with overweight/obesity among South African adults of low-socioeconomic status. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206408. [PMID: 30379921 PMCID: PMC6209311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between perceived neighbourhood safety from traffic and crime with overweight/obesity can provide intervention modalities for obesity, yet no relevant study has been conducted in sub-Saharan African contexts. We investigated the association between perceived neighbourhood safety from traffic and crime with overweight/obesity among urban South African adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 354 adults aged ≥35 years drawn from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study. The Neighborhood Walkability Scale-Africa (NEWS-A) was used to evaluate the perceived neighbourhood safety. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the associations between perceived neighborhood safety and overweight/obesity defined "normal weight" and "overweight/obese" using the 25 Kg/m2 cutoff criterion. RESULTS In the overall sample, adults who agreed that "the speed of traffic on most nearby roads in their neighborhood was usually slow" were less likely to be overweight/obese (adjusted OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.23-0.76). Those who agreed that "there was too much crime in their neighborhood to go outside for walks or play during the day" were more likely to be overweight/obese (OR = 2.41; 1.09-5.29). These associations were driven by significant associations in women, and no association in men, with significant statistical interactions. CONCLUSION Perceived neighborhood safety from traffic and crime was associated with overweight/obesity among South African adults. Our findings provide preliminary evidence on the need to secure safer environments for walkability. Future work should also consider perceptions of the neighbourhood related to food choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasmore Malambo
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anniza De Villiers
- Non-communicable Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thandi Puoane
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-communicable Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheskin LJ, Frutchey R, McDermott AY, Esposito L, Lee BY, Kumanyika S. Motivating systems-oriented research on environmental and policy changes for obesity prevention. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:e20-e23. [PMID: 27060703 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the types of interventions needed for population-level prevention of childhood obesity in complex societal systems can benefit from greater use of systems-science concepts and tools. OBJECTIVES We report outcomes of a funding programme promoting incorporation of systems-science approaches into studies of imminent policy or environmental changes potentially impacting childhood obesity. METHODS Seven funding cycles over 3 years yielded 172 initial submissions from 29 US states and 25 other countries were analyzed. RESULTS Submissions focused primarily on aspects of school or child-care settings, parks and recreational settings, or access to healthy food; about half reflected attention to systems perspectives. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of initial submissions as well as the 15 funded projects showed some success in motivating use of systems concepts and tools but suggested the need for a more focused effort to educate and prepare the childhood obesity prevention research community for this potentially crucial type of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Cheskin
- Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - L Esposito
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Y Lee
- Global Obesity Prevention Center, Baltimore, MD, USA, Johns Hopkins Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Kumanyika
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simons D, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Clarys P, De Cocker K, de Geus B, Vandelanotte C, Van Cauwenberg J, Deforche B. Psychosocial and environmental correlates of active and passive transport behaviors in college educated and non-college educated working young adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174263. [PMID: 28319165 PMCID: PMC5358853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine potential differences in walking, cycling, public transport and passive transport (car/moped/motorcycle) to work and to other destinations between college and non-college educated working young adults. Secondly, we aimed to investigate which psychosocial and environmental factors are associated with the four transport modes and whether these associations differ between college and non-college educated working young adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 224 working young adults completed an online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables (8 items), psychosocial variables (6 items), environmental variables (10 items) and transport mode (4 types) and duration to work/other destinations. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were performed in R. Results A trend (p<0.10) indicated that more college educated compared to non-college educated young adults participated in cycling and public transport. However, another trend indicated that cycle time and public transport trips were longer and passive transport trips were shorter in non-college compared to college educated working young adults. In all working young adults, high self-efficacy towards active transport, and high perceived benefits and low perceived barriers towards active and public transport were related to more active and public transport. High social support/norm/modeling towards active, public and passive transport was related to more active, public and passive transport. High neighborhood walkability was related to more walking and less passive transport. Only in non-college educated working young adults, feeling safe from traffic and crime in their neighborhood was related to more active and public transport and less passive transport. Conclusions Educational levels should be taken into account when promoting healthy transport behaviors in working young adults. Among non-college educated working young adults, focus should be on increasing active and public transport participation and on increasing neighborhood safety to increase active and public transport use. Among college educated working young adults, more minutes of active transport should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Simons
- Unit Health Promotion and Education, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
- Research unit Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Research unit Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bas de Geus
- Human Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, School for Health, Medical and Applied Science, Physical Activity Research Group, Rockhampton QLD, Australia
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Unit Health Promotion and Education, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Unit Health Promotion and Education, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium
- Research unit Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malambo P, Kengne AP, Lambert EV, De Villers A, Puoane T. Association between perceived built environmental attributes and physical activity among adults in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:213. [PMID: 28219427 PMCID: PMC5319054 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between perceived environmental attributes and leisure-time and transport-related physical activity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey involving 671 South Africans aged ≥35 years from urban and rural settings. International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Neighbourhood Walkability Scale were used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations. RESULTS Significant urban vs. rural differences were apparent in the distribution of most attributes of neighborhood environment. After adjusting for gender, age, setting and relevant interaction terms, proximity to local stores was significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity (OR: 4.26; 95% CI, 1.00-18.08); while proximity to transit stops (2.44; 1.48-4.02), pleasant scenery (1.93; 1.07-3.46), sidewalks (2.36; 1.25-4.44), shade from trees (2.14; 1.19-3.85), traffic (2.17; 91.21-3.91) and well-lit streets (2.01; 1.04-3.89) were significantly associated with walking for leisure. Four-way intersections (4.54; 1.54-13.43), pleasant scenery (3.84; 1.35-10.99), traffic (0.28; 0.09-0.89), sidewalks (3.75; 1.06-13.27) and crosswalks were associated with transport related physical activity. Proximity to transit stops (2.12; 1.17-3.84) and well maintained sidewalks (2.69; 2.20-10.02) were significantly associated with total physical activity. Significant interactions by setting were apparent in some of the associations. CONCLUSION Some, but not all attributes of a neighborhood environment were significantly associated in expected directions with the three physical activity domains in this mixed urban and rural population. This study highlights the need for policy strategies aimed at improving or maintaining these perceived environmental attributes to promote physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasmore Malambo
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-communicable Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anniza De Villers
- Non-communicable Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thandi Puoane
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parker NH, O'Connor DP, Kao DT, Lee RE. Do Neighborhood Physical Activity Resources and Land Use Influence Physical Activity among African American Public Housing Residents? J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 27:1330-44. [PMID: 27524771 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined neighborhood influences on physical activity (PA) among low-income African Americans living in public housing. This study measured the associations of PA resources and land use with PA among 216 African Americans living in 12 low-income housing developments in Houston, Texas. Neighborhood measures included both detailed information from in-person audits and geographic information systems (GIS) data. Hierarchical linear regression models tested the associations of neighborhood PA resource availability and quality and land use density and diversity with individual-level, self-reported PA. Land use diversity was positively associated with walking among men after controlling for other neighborhood characteristics. Policies that promote land use diversity or improve the pedestrian environment in areas with diverse destinations may encourage PA among public housing residents.
Collapse
|
9
|
Budd EL, Aaron Hipp J, Geary N, Dodson EA. Racial differences in parental perceptions of the neighborhood as predictors of children's physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prev Med Rep 2016; 2:397-402. [PMID: 26844096 PMCID: PMC4721463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Most U.S. children engage in insufficient physical activity (PA) and spend too much time in sedentary behaviors (SBs), leading to increased risk of obesity and chronic disease. Evidence remains inconsistent on relationships between parental perceptions of the neighborhood and children's PA and SB. This study examines parental neighborhood perceptions, stratified by race, as predictors of children's PA and SB. Methods Relationships were tested with regressions stratified by parental race. The sample included 196 parents, residing in St. Louis, Missouri with a child at home. Participants responded to a mailed survey in 2012. Parental neighborhood perceptions were examined by mean composite scores and individual items. Results For parents of all races, perceived barriers negatively predicted the number of days in a week children engaged in ≥ 60 min of PA. Examining parental neighborhood perceptions by individual item, the perception that drivers exceed neighborhood speed limits was a positive predictor of their children's SB only among white parents. Only among minority-race parents was perceived neighborhood crime rate a positive predictor of their children's SB. Conclusions While predictors of children's PA did not differ widely, several distinct predictors of children's SB by parental race lend support toward further examination of this topic. We examine parental neighborhood perceptions by race and children's behaviors. For all parents, perceived barriers negatively predict children's activity. For white parents, speeding cars positively predict children's sedentary behavior. For minority-race parents, crime positively predicts children's sedentary behavior. Results could inform tailored strategies for reducing children's sedentary behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Budd
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nora Geary
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dodson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adams MA, Todd M, Kurka J, Conway TL, Cain KL, Frank LD, Sallis JF. Patterns of Walkability, Transit, and Recreation Environment for Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:878-87. [PMID: 26232902 PMCID: PMC4523897 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverse combinations of built environment (BE) features for physical activity (PA) are understudied. This study explored whether patterns of GIS-derived BE features explained objective and self-reported PA, sedentary behavior, and BMI. METHODS Neighborhood Quality of Life Study participants (N=2,199, aged 20-65 years, 48.2% female, 26% ethnic minority) were sampled in 2001-2005 from Seattle / King County WA and Baltimore MD / Washington DC regions. Their addresses were geocoded to compute net residential density, land use mix, retail floor area ratio, intersection density, public transit, and public park and private recreation facility densities using a 1-km network buffer. Latent profile analyses (LPAs) were estimated from these variables. Multilevel regression models compared profiles on accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-reported PA, adjusting for covariates and clustering. Analyses were conducted in 2013-2014. RESULTS Seattle region LPAs yielded four profiles, including low walkability/transit/recreation (L-L-L); mean walkability/transit/recreation (M-M-M); moderately high walkability/transit/recreation (MH-MH-MH); and high walkability/transit/recreation (H-HH). All measures were higher in the HHH than the LLL profile (difference of 17.1 minutes/day for MVPA, 146.5 minutes/week for walking for transportation, 58.2 minutes/week for leisure-time PA, and 2.2 BMI points; all p<0.05). Baltimore region LPAs yielded four profiles, including L-L-L; M-M-M; high land use mix, transit, and recreation (HLU-HT-HRA); and high intersection density, high retail floor area ratio (HID-HRFAR). HLU-HT-HRA and L-L-L differed by 12.3 MVPA minutes/day; HID-HRFAR and L-L-L differed by 157.4 minutes/week for walking for transportation (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of environmental features explain greater differences in adults' PA than the four-component walkability index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Adams
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Michael Todd
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jonathan Kurka
- Exercise Science and Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- Schools of Population and Public Health and Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang L, Hipp JA, Adlakha D, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Choice of commuting mode among employees: Do home neighborhood environment, worksite neighborhood environment, and worksite policy and supports matter? JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2015; 2:212-218. [PMID: 26085979 PMCID: PMC4465081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting the use of public transit and active transport (walking and cycling) instead of car driving is an appealing strategy to increase overall physical activity. PURPOSE To quantify the combined associations between self-reported home and worksite neighborhood environments, worksite support and policies, and employees' commuting modes. METHOD Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone (n = 1,338) and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, home and worksite neighborhoods, and worksite support and policies. Commuting mode was self-reported and categorized into car driving, public transit, and active commuting. Commuting distance was calculated using geographic information systems. Commuters providing completed data were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of using public transit and active commuting. RESULT The majority of participants reported commuting by driving (88.9%); only 4.9% used public transit and 6.2% used active modes. After multivariate adjustment, having transit stops within 10-15 minutes walking distance from home (p=0.05) and using worksite incentive for public transit (p<0.001) were associated with commuting by public transit. Commuting distance (p<0.001) was negatively associated with active commuting. Having free or low cost recreation facilities around the worksite (p=0.04) and using bike facilities to lock bikes at the worksite (p<0.001) were associated with active commuting. CONCLUSION Both environment features and worksite supports and policies are associated with the choice of commuting mode. Future studies should use longitudinal designs to investigate the potential of promoting alternative commuting modes through worksite efforts that support sustainable commuting behaviors as well as the potential of built environment improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hipp JA, Chalise N. Spatial analysis and correlates of county-level diabetes prevalence, 2009-2010. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E08. [PMID: 25611797 PMCID: PMC4303405 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Information on the relationship between diabetes prevalence and built environment attributes could allow public health programs to better target populations at risk for diabetes. This study sought to determine the spatial prevalence of diabetes in the United States and how this distribution is associated with the geography of common diabetes correlates. Methods Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Census Bureau were integrated to perform geographically weighted regression at the county level on the following variables: percentage nonwhite population, percentage Hispanic population, education level, percentage unemployed, percentage living below the federal poverty level, population density, percentage obese, percentage physically inactive, percentage population that cycles or walks to work, and percentage neighborhood food deserts. Results We found significant spatial clustering of county-level diabetes prevalence in the United States; however, diabetes prevalence was inconsistently correlated with significant predictors. Percentage living below the federal poverty level and percentage nonwhite population were associated with diabetes in some regions. The percentage of population cycling or walking to work was the only significant built environment–related variable correlated with diabetes, and this association varied in magnitude across the nation. Conclusion Sociodemographic and built environment–related variables correlated with diabetes prevalence in some regions of the United States. The variation in magnitude and direction of these relationships highlights the need to understand local context in the prevention and maintenance of diabetes. Geographically weighted regression shows promise for public health research in detecting variations in associations between health behaviors, outcomes, and predictors across geographic space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hipp
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130.
| | - Nishesh Chalise
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adams MA, Frank LD, Schipperijn J, Smith G, Chapman J, Christiansen LB, Coffee N, Salvo D, du Toit L, Dygrýn J, Hino AAF, Lai PC, Mavoa S, Pinzón JD, Van de Weghe N, Cerin E, Davey R, Macfarlane D, Owen N, Sallis JF. International variation in neighborhood walkability, transit, and recreation environments using geographic information systems: the IPEN adult study. Int J Health Geogr 2014; 13:43. [PMID: 25343966 PMCID: PMC4221715 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends strategies to improve urban design, public transportation, and recreation facilities to facilitate physical activity for non-communicable disease prevention for an increasingly urbanized global population. Most evidence supporting environmental associations with physical activity comes from single countries or regions with limited variation in urban form. This paper documents variation in comparable built environment features across countries from diverse regions. Methods The International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) study of adults aimed to measure the full range of variation in the built environment using geographic information systems (GIS) across 12 countries on 5 continents. Investigators in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, China, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States followed a common research protocol to develop internationally comparable measures. Using detailed instructions, GIS-based measures included features such as walkability (i.e., residential density, street connectivity, mix of land uses), and access to public transit, parks, and private recreation facilities around each participant’s residential address using 1-km and 500-m street network buffers. Results Eleven of 12 countries and 15 cities had objective GIS data on built environment features. We observed a 38-fold difference in median residential densities, a 5-fold difference in median intersection densities and an 18-fold difference in median park densities. Hong Kong had the highest and North Shore, New Zealand had the lowest median walkability index values, representing a difference of 9 standard deviations in GIS-measured walkability. Conclusions Results show that comparable measures can be created across a range of cultural settings revealing profound global differences in urban form relevant to physical activity. These measures allow cities to be ranked more precisely than previously possible. The highly variable measures of urban form will be used to explain individuals’ physical activity, sedentary behaviors, body mass index, and other health outcomes on an international basis. Present measures provide the ability to estimate dose–response relationships from projected changes to the built environment that would otherwise be impossible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-072X-13-43) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Adams
- Exercise and Wellness Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion & Global Institute of Sustainability (GIOS), Arizona State University, 425 N, 5th Street (MC3020), Phoenix, Arizona.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|