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Dodson EA, Parks RG, Jacob RR, An R, Eyler AA, Lee N, Morshed AB, Politi MC, Tabak RG, Yan Y, Brownson RC. Effectively communicating with local policymakers: a randomized trial of policy brief dissemination to address obesity. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1246897. [PMID: 38525334 PMCID: PMC10957535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1246897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence-based policies are a powerful tool for impacting health and addressing obesity. Effectively communicating evidence to policymakers is critical to ensure evidence is incorporated into policies. While all public health is local, limited knowledge exists regarding effective approaches for improving local policymakers' uptake of evidence-based policies. Methods Local policymakers were randomized to view one of four versions of a policy brief (usual care, narrative, risk-framing, and narrative/risk-framing combination). They then answered a brief survey including questions about their impressions of the brief, their likelihood of using it, and how they determine legislative priorities. Results Responses from 331 participants indicated that a majority rated local data (92%), constituent needs/opinions (92%), and cost-effectiveness data (89%) as important or very important in determining what issues they work on. The majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that briefs were understandable (87%), believable (77%), and held their attention (74%) with no brief version rated significantly higher than the others. Across the four types of briefs, 42% indicated they were likely to use the brief. Logistic regression models showed that those indicating that local data were important in determining what they work on were over seven times more likely to use the policy brief than those indicating that local data were less important in determining what they work on (aOR = 7.39, 95% CI = 1.86,52.57). Discussion Among local policymakers in this study there was no dominant format or type of policy brief; all brief types were rated similarly highly. This highlights the importance of carefully crafting clear, succinct, credible, and understandable policy briefs, using different formats depending on communication objectives. Participants indicated a strong preference for receiving materials incorporating local data. To ensure maximum effect, every effort should be made to include data relevant to a policymaker's local area in policy communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Dodson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Renee G. Parks
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rebekah R. Jacob
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amy A. Eyler
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Alexandra B. Morshed
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mary C. Politi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yan Yan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Farabi SS, Schwarz C, Persaud A, Gilbert A, Haire-Joshu D, Tabak RG. Sleep, Stress, and Cardiometabolic Health in Women of Childbearing Age with Overweight and Obesity. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2024; 5:143-151. [PMID: 38414886 PMCID: PMC10898232 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Sleep is important for health, but its relationship to cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age remains unclear. Furthermore, stress, unmet basic needs, and lack of physical activity may be related to disrupted sleep and poor cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age and these relationships may differ by ethnicity. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between sleep, markers of cardiometabolic health, stress, unmet basic needs, and physical activity in women of childbearing age with overweight or obesity and identify if these relationships differed between women that identified as Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Methods A secondary cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from a trial that embeds healthy eating and activity into a national home visiting program, Parents as Teachers. The sample was stratified based on self-reported ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino or non-Hispanic/Latino). Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to determine bivariate relationships among sleep, cardiometabolic variables, stress, unmet basic needs, and physical activity. Results Two hundred seventy-six women, 46% of whom identified as Hispanic/Latino, were included in the analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with sleep disturbance (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.01) in women who identify as Hispanic/Latino. Stress was positively related to sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and unmet needs for both groups of women. BMI was correlated with unmet basic needs in women who identified as non-Hispanic/Latino (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that sleep, stress, and basic needs are important in understanding cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age and these relationships differ depending on ethnicity. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03758638.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Farabi
- Office of Nursing Research, Goldfarb School of Nursing, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nutritional Science & Obesity Medicine, Center of Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cindy Schwarz
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alicia Persaud
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda Gilbert
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Public Health at the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Shato T, Kepper MM, McLoughlin GM, Tabak RG, Glasgow RE, Brownson RC. Designing for dissemination among public health and clinical practitioners in the USA. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 8:e8. [PMID: 38384897 PMCID: PMC10877519 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The slow adoption of evidence-based interventions reflects gaps in effective dissemination of research evidence. Existing studies examining designing for dissemination (D4D), a process that ensures interventions and implementation strategies consider adopters' contexts, have focused primarily on researchers, with limited perspectives of practitioners. To address these gaps, this study examined D4D practice among public health and clinical practitioners in the USA. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among public health and primary care practitioners in April to June 2022 (analyzed in July 2022 to December 2022). Both groups were recruited through national-level rosters. The survey was informed by previous D4D studies and pretested using cognitive interviewing. Results Among 577 respondents, 45% were public health and 55% primary care practitioners, with an overall survey response rate of 5.5%. The most commonly ranked sources of research evidence were email announcements for public health practitioners (43.7%) and reading academic journals for clinical practitioners (37.9%). Practitioners used research findings to promote health equity (67%) and evaluate programs/services (66%). A higher proportion of clinical compared to public health practitioners strongly agreed/agreed that within their work setting they had adequate financial resources (36% vs. 23%, p < 0.001) and adequate staffing (36% vs. 24%, p = 0.001) to implement research findings. Only 20% of all practitioners reported having a designated individual or team responsible for finding and disseminating research evidence. Conclusions Addressing both individual and modifiable barriers, including organizational capacity to access and use research evidence, may better align the efforts of researchers with priorities and resources of practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thembekile Shato
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO,
USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington
University School of Medicine, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maura M. Kepper
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO,
USA
| | - Gabriella M. McLoughlin
- College of Public Health, Temple University,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control, Brown School and School
of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St.
Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO,
USA
| | - Russell E. Glasgow
- Department of Family Medicine and ACCORDS Research Center,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO,
USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington
University School of Medicine, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Aschbrenner KA, Oh AY, Tabak RG, Hannon PA, Angier HE, Moore WT, Likumahuwa-Ackman S, Carroll JK, Baumann AA, Beidas RS, Mazzucca-Ragan S, Waters EA, Sadasivam RS, Shelton RC. Integrating a focus on health equity in implementation science: Case examples from the national cancer institute's implementation science in cancer control centers (ISC 3) network. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e226. [PMID: 38028358 PMCID: PMC10643915 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A Health Equity Task Force (HETF) of members from seven Centers funded by the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Implementation Science in Cancer Control Centers (ISC3) network sought to identify case examples of how Centers were applying a focus on health equity in implementation science to inform future research and capacity-building efforts. Methods HETF members at each ISC3 collected information on how health equity was conceptualized, operationalized, and addressed in initial research and capacity-building efforts across the seven ISC3 Centers funded in 2019-2020. Each Center completed a questionnaire assessing five health equity domains central to implementation science (e.g., community engagement; implementation science theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs); and engaging underrepresented scholars). Data generated illustrative examples from these five domains. Results Centers reported a range of approaches focusing on health equity in implementation research and capacity-building efforts, including (1) engaging diverse community partners/settings in making decisions about research priorities and projects; (2) applying health equity within a single TMF applied across projects or various TMFs used in specific projects; (3) evaluating health equity in operationalizing and measuring health and implementation outcomes; (4) building capacity for health equity-focused implementation science among trainees, early career scholars, and partnering organizations; and (5) leveraging varying levels of institutional resources and efforts to engage, include, and support underrepresented scholars. Conclusions Examples of approaches to integrating health equity across the ISC3 network can inform other investigators and centers' efforts to build capacity and infrastructure to support growth and expansion of health equity-focused implementation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Aschbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - April Y. Oh
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peggy A. Hannon
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather E. Angier
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W. Todd Moore
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ana A. Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rinad S. Beidas
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Erika A. Waters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajani S. Sadasivam
- Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rachel C. Shelton
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Walsh-Bailey C, Gilbert A, Shato T, Sandler B, Baumann AA, Bradley CD, McLoughlin GM, McGuire FH, Fort MP, Tabak RG. Protocol for a scoping review of health equity frameworks and models applied in empirical studies of chronic disease prevention and control. Syst Rev 2023; 12:83. [PMID: 37170261 PMCID: PMC10176929 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases, such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, present the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This burden disproportionately affects historically marginalized populations. Health equity is rapidly gaining increased attention in public health, health services, and implementation research, though many health inequities persist. Health equity frameworks and models (FM) have been called upon to guide equity-focused chronic disease and implementation research. However, there is no clear synthesis of the health equity FM used in chronic disease research or how these are applied in empirical studies. This scoping review seeks to fill this gap by identifying and characterizing health equity FM applied in empirical studies along the chronic disease prevention and control continuum, describing how these FM are used, and exploring potential applications to the field of implementation science. METHODS We follow established guidance for conducting scoping reviews, which includes six stages: (1) identify the research question; (2) identify relevant studies; (3) select studies for inclusion; (4) data extraction; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and (6) consultation. This protocol presents the iterative, collaborative approach taken to conceptualize this study and develop the search strategy. We describe the criteria for inclusion in this review, methods for conducting two phases of screening (title and abstract, full text), data extraction procedures, and quality assurance approaches taken throughout the project. DISCUSSION The findings from this review will inform health-equity focused chronic disease prevention and control research. FM identified through this review will be added to an existing website summarizing dissemination and implementation science frameworks, and we will offer case examples and recommendations for utilizing a health equity FM in empirical studies. Our search strategy and review methodology may serve as an example for scholars seeking to conduct reviews of health equity FM in other health disciplines. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SFVE6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Walsh-Bailey
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Amanda Gilbert
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Thembekile Shato
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S. Taylor Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brittney Sandler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S. Taylor Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ana A Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S. Taylor Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cory D Bradley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S. Taylor Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gabriella M McLoughlin
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- College of Public Health, Temple University, 1800 N. Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19121, USA
| | - F Hunter McGuire
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Meredith P Fort
- Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, 13055 E. 17Th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Cruz P, Phad A, Eyler AA, Gregg BE, Tabak RG. Developing Priorities to Alleviate the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Engaged in Diabetes Research, Education, and Care: A Concept Mapping Study. Diabetes Spectr 2023; 36:151-160. [PMID: 37193210 PMCID: PMC10182967 DOI: 10.2337/ds22-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to develop priorities through stakeholder engagement to alleviate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the professional careers of women engaged in diabetes research, education, and care. Research Design and Methods This study used concept mapping, a mixed-methods, multistep process, to generate a conceptual map of recommendations through the following steps: 1) identify stakeholders and develop the focus prompt, 2) generate ideas through brainstorming, 3) structure ideas through sorting and rating on priority and likelihood, 4) analyze the data and create a cluster map, and 5) interpret and use results. Results Fifty-two participants completed the brainstorming phase, and 24 participated in sorting and rating. The final concept map included seven clusters. Those rated as highest priority were to ensure supportive workplace culture (μ = 4.43); promote practices to achieve gender parity in hiring, workload, and promotion (μ = 4.37); and increase funding opportunities and allow extensions (μ = 4.36). Conclusion This study identified recommendations for institutions to better support women engaged in diabetes-related work to alleviate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their careers. Some areas were rated as high in priority and high in likelihood, such as ensuring a supportive workplace culture. In contrast, family-friendly benefits and policies were rated as high in priority but low in likelihood of being implemented; these may take more effort to address, including coordinated efforts within institutions (e.g., women's academic networks) and professional societies to promote standards and programs that advance gender equity in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Allison Phad
- Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy A Eyler
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brigid E Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Moise N, Cené CW, Tabak RG, Young DR, Mills KT, Essien UR, Anderson CAM, Lopez-Jimenez F. Leveraging Implementation Science for Cardiovascular Health Equity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 146:e260-e278. [PMID: 36214131 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reducing cardiovascular disease disparities will require a concerted, focused effort to better adopt evidence-based interventions, in particular, those that address social determinants of health, in historically marginalized populations (ie, communities excluded on the basis of social identifiers like race, ethnicity, and social class and subject to inequitable distribution of social, economic, physical, and psychological resources). Implementation science is centered around stakeholder engagement and, by virtue of its reliance on theoretical frameworks, is custom built for addressing research-to-practice gaps. However, little guidance exists for how best to leverage implementation science to promote cardiovascular health equity. This American Heart Association scientific statement was commissioned to define implementation science with a cardiovascular health equity lens and to evaluate implementation research that targets cardiovascular inequities. We provide a 4-step roadmap and checklist with critical equity considerations for selecting/adapting evidence-based practices, assessing barriers and facilitators to implementation, selecting/using/adapting implementation strategies, and evaluating implementation success. Informed by our roadmap, we examine several organizational, community, policy, and multisetting interventions and implementation strategies developed to reduce cardiovascular disparities. We highlight gaps in implementation science research to date aimed at achieving cardiovascular health equity, including lack of stakeholder engagement, rigorous mixed methods, and equity-informed theoretical frameworks. We provide several key suggestions, including the need for improved conceptualization and inclusion of social and structural determinants of health in implementation science, and the use of adaptive, hybrid effectiveness designs. In addition, we call for more rigorous examination of multilevel interventions and implementation strategies with the greatest potential for reducing both primary and secondary cardiovascular disparities.
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Gilbert AS, Salvo D, Tabak RG, Haire-Joshu D. Does the neighborhood built environment moderate the effectiveness of a weight-loss intervention for mothers with overweight or obesity? Findings from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:130. [PMID: 36182908 PMCID: PMC9526987 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women of childbearing age are vulnerable to weight gain and experience a high prevalence of obesity due to pregnancy and stressors of parenthood. Lifestyle interventions such as the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study have been effective for weight loss; however, little is known about how the built environment (parks, transit, grocery stores, fast food, walkability etc.), where participants live might modify intervention effectiveness. This study examined whether characteristics of the neighborhood built environment modified effectiveness of the HEALTH study on weight loss. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from HEALTH. Using GIS, buffers were built around participant addresses to capture distance to and availability of food (grocery store, convenience store, fast food) and urban design and transit (parks, street connectivity, transit) built environment characteristics. Built environment characteristics were dichotomized into low and high density and distance. Likelihood ratio tests for interaction were conducted to determine if built environment characteristics modified intervention effectiveness on Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Mixed effects linear regression models were then run to estimate the effect of the HEALTH intervention on weight outcomes at 24-months across both strata of built environment characteristics. RESULTS: The analytic sample (n = 151) had baseline mean BMI 34.9 (SD = 5.8) and mean WC 46.0 cm (SD4.9). All urban design and transit and all food environment characteristics modified HEALTH effectiveness on one or both weight outcomes. The built environment modified the HEALTH intervention such that it was mostly effective for mothers residing in neighborhoods with low transit access, low street connectivity, high park access, and low access to grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food. CONCLUSIONS Result show the HEALTH was most effective for women residing neighborhoods with built environment characteristics suggestive of suburban neighborhood typology. To maximize impact for mothers residing in all types of neighborhoods, future research should explore scaling up HEALTH in suburban settings, while adapting HEALTH to maximize effectiveness in compact neighborhoods most likely, urban core neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Gilbert
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Bellmont Hall (BEL) at 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Charles ME, Kuroki LM, Baumann AA, Tabak RG, James A, Cooksey K, Politi MC. A case study of adapting a health insurance decision intervention from trial into routine cancer care. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:298. [PMID: 36088371 PMCID: PMC9463661 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study adapted Improving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices (I Can PIC), an intervention to help cancer patients navigate health insurance decisions and care costs. The original intervention improved knowledge and confidence making insurance decisions, however, users felt limited by choices provided in insurance markets. Using decision trees and frameworks to guide adaptations, we modified I Can PIC to focus on using rather than choosing health insurance. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unforeseen obstacles, prompting changes to study protocols. As a result, we allowed users outside of the study to use I Can PIC (> 1050 guest users) to optimize public benefit. This paper describes the steps took to conduct the study, evaluating both the effectiveness of I Can PIC and the implementation process to improve its impact.
Results
Although I Can PIC users had higher knowledge and health insurance literacy compared to the control group, results were not statistically significant. This outcome may be associated with systems-level challenges as well as the number and demographic characteristics of participants. The publicly available tool can be a resource for those navigating insurance and care costs, and researchers can use this flexible approach to intervention delivery and testing as future health emergencies arise.
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Baumann AA, Hooley C, Kryzer E, Morshed AB, Gutner CA, Malone S, Walsh-Bailey C, Pilar M, Sandler B, Tabak RG, Mazzucca S. A scoping review of frameworks in empirical studies and a review of dissemination frameworks. Implement Sci 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35945548 PMCID: PMC9361268 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-022-01225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) research has grown immensely in recent years. However, the field of dissemination research has not coalesced to the same degree as the field of implementation research. To advance the field of dissemination research, this review aimed to (1) identify the extent to which dissemination frameworks are used in dissemination empirical studies, (2) examine how scholars define dissemination, and (3) identify key constructs from dissemination frameworks. METHODS To achieve aims 1 and 2, we conducted a scoping review of dissemination studies published in D&I science journals. The search strategy included manuscripts published from 1985 to 2020. Articles were included if they were empirical quantitative or mixed methods studies about the dissemination of information to a professional audience. Studies were excluded if they were systematic reviews, commentaries or conceptual papers, scale-up or scale-out studies, qualitative or case studies, or descriptions of programs. To achieve aim 1, we compiled the frameworks identified in the empirical studies. To achieve aim 2, we compiled the definitions from dissemination from frameworks identified in aim 1 and from dissemination frameworks identified in a 2021 review (Tabak RG, Am J Prev Med 43:337-350, 2012). To achieve aim 3, we compile the constructs and their definitions from the frameworks. FINDINGS Out of 6017 studies, 89 studies were included for full-text extraction. Of these, 45 (51%) used a framework to guide the study. Across the 45 studies, 34 distinct frameworks were identified, out of which 13 (38%) defined dissemination. There is a lack of consensus on the definition of dissemination. Altogether, we identified 48 constructs, divided into 4 categories: process, determinants, strategies, and outcomes. Constructs in the frameworks are not well defined. IMPLICATION FOR D&I RESEARCH This study provides a critical step in the dissemination research literature by offering suggestions on how to define dissemination research and by cataloging and defining dissemination constructs. Strengthening these definitions and distinctions between D&I research could enhance scientific reproducibility and advance the field of dissemination research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Cole Hooley
- School of Social Work, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Emily Kryzer
- BJC HealthCare, Community Health Improvement, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Cassidy A Gutner
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Malone
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Callie Walsh-Bailey
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Meagan Pilar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Brittney Sandler
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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Walsh-Bailey C, Tsai E, Tabak RG, Morshed AB, Norton WE, McKay VR, Brownson RC, Gifford S. A scoping review of de-implementation frameworks and models. Implement Sci 2021; 16:100. [PMID: 34819122 PMCID: PMC8611904 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction or elimination of inappropriate, ineffective, or potentially harmful healthcare services and public health programs can help to ensure limited resources are used effectively. Frameworks and models (FM) are valuable tools in conceptualizing and guiding the study of de-implementation. This scoping review sought to identify and characterize FM that can be used to study de-implementation as a phenomenon and identify gaps in the literature to inform future model development and application for research. METHODS We searched nine databases and eleven journals from a broad array of disciplines (e.g., healthcare, public health, public policy) for de-implementation studies published between 1990 and June 2020. Two raters independently screened titles and abstracts, and then a pair of raters screened all full text records. We extracted information related to setting, discipline, study design, methodology, and FM characteristics from included studies. RESULTS The final search yielded 1860 records, from which we screened 126 full text records. We extracted data from 27 articles containing 27 unique FM. Most FM (n = 21) were applicable to two or more levels of the Socio-Ecological Framework, and most commonly assessed constructs were at the organization level (n = 18). Most FM (n = 18) depicted a linear relationship between constructs, few depicted a more complex structure, such as a nested or cyclical relationship. Thirteen studies applied FM in empirical investigations of de-implementation, while 14 articles were commentary or review papers that included FM. CONCLUSION De-implementation is a process studied in a broad array of disciplines, yet implementation science has thus far been limited in the integration of learnings from other fields. This review offers an overview of visual representations of FM that implementation researchers and practitioners can use to inform their work. Additional work is needed to test and refine existing FM and to determine the extent to which FM developed in one setting or for a particular topic can be applied to other contexts. Given the extensive availability of FM in implementation science, we suggest researchers build from existing FM rather than recreating novel FM. REGISTRATION Not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Walsh-Bailey
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Edward Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Alexandra B Morshed
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wynne E Norton
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Virginia R McKay
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sheyna Gifford
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Campus Box 8518, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
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12
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Heiden BT, Tetteh E, Robbins KJ, Tabak RG, Nava RG, Marklin GF, Kreisel D, Meyers BF, Kozower BD, McKay VR, Puri V. Dissemination and Implementation Science in Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Review and Case Study. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:373-382. [PMID: 34499861 PMCID: PMC9112075 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is the practice of taking evidence-based interventions (EBI) and sustainably incorporating them in routine clinical practice. As a relatively young field, D&I techniques are underutilized in cardiothoracic surgery. This review offers an overview of D&I science from the context of the cardiothoracic surgeon. First, we provide a general introduction to D&I science and basic terminology that is used in the field. Second, to illustrate D&I techniques in a real-world example, we discuss a case study for implementing lung protective management (LPM) strategies for lung donor optimization nationally. Finally, we discuss challenges to successful implementation that are unique to cardiothoracic surgery and give several examples of EBIs that have been poorly implemented into surgical practice. We also provide examples of successful D&I interventions - including de-implementation strategies - from other surgical subspecialties. We hope that this review offers additional tools for cardiothoracic surgeons to explore when introducing EBIs into routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Heiden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emmanuel Tetteh
- Brown School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Keenan J Robbins
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; Institute for Implementation Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ruben G Nava
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gary F Marklin
- Institute for Implementation Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bryan F Meyers
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Benjamin D Kozower
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Virginia R McKay
- Brown School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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13
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Tabak RG, Schwarz CD, Kemner A, Johnston S, Aramburu A, Haire-Joshu D. Social Determinants of Health Discussed with Mothers During Personal Visits Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Equity 2021; 5:536-544. [PMID: 34909520 PMCID: PMC8665790 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This report describes the social determinants of health (SDOH) discussed during personal visits at the time leading up to and during the first 4 months of the pandemic from families across the United States. Methods: This is a secondary analysis from a cluster randomized trial that embeds Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home within Parents as Teachers (PAT). PAT is a national organization serving families prenatal through kindergarten, delivered by parent educators. After parent educators complete visits with mothers in the trial, they complete brief surveys including the question "Did issues with any of these come up during the visit?" with yes/no options for "Transportation," "Housing," "Food insecurity," "Childcare," "Financial constraint," or "Other." Results: Among the 60 mothers with visit records in the months before and during (March-July 2020) COVID-19, 55% identified as Hispanic or Latino and 52% reported food insecurity at baseline. During COVID-19, financial constraints and other SDOH were as common as they were before COVID-19; childcare issues were discussed less frequently and food security was discussed more frequently. When comparing the number of SDOH parent educators reported discussing with mothers in visits that took place before COVID-19 with the number of SDOH discussed in visits during COVID-19, the number of SDOH increased for 41% for mothers identifying as Hispanic or Latino and only 8% for non-Hispanic or Latino mothers. Conclusions: This study can help build an understanding of how COVID-19 is impacting families, and how these impacts may be inequitable. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03758638.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Schwarz
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison Kemner
- Parents as Teachers National Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shelly Johnston
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adriana Aramburu
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis Brown School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Haire-Joshu D, Morshed AB, Phad A, Johnston S, Tabak RG. Applying RE-AIM to Evaluate the External Validity of Weight Gain Prevention Interventions in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. J Public Health Manag Pract 2021; 27:154-165. [PMID: 32332487 PMCID: PMC7837750 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review was to use RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) to assess the extent to which weight gain prevention studies targeting young adults reported on elements of external validity. DESIGN Systematic review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles of interest included a lifestyle/behavioral intervention targeting weight gain prevention. Eligibility criteria included the following: study design of randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized control trials, or natural experiments; average participant age between 18 and 35 years; study duration of at least 12 months; and published in English between January 2008 and May 2018. Studies had to report weight or body mass index as a measured outcome and were excluded if they were paired with smoking cessation programs, were conducted in specific groups (ie, pregnant women, breast cancer survivors), or were follow-ups to weight loss studies. STUDY SELECTION After removing duplicates, the search yielded 11426 articles. Titles and abstracts were screened by 1 reviewer; 144 articles were assessed in a full-text review by 2 reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Nine studies (13 articles) were included in the review. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Reported elements of the RE-AIM framework. RESULTS A total of 9 studies met the selection criteria. All studies lacked full reporting on external validity elements. Of the total of 60 RE-AIM reporting criteria, 8 were reported by all 9 studies, 26 criteria were reported by fewer than 4 studies, and 22 criteria were not reported by any of the studies. DISCUSSION There remains inadequate reporting of elements of external validity and generalizability in weight gain prevention studies. This is a significant scientific constraint that limits the information required to disseminate and implement prevention of weight gain interventions for population impact. Standardized reporting may be needed to ensure results that demonstrate not only internal validity but also external validity and generalizability are needed to promote public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Haire-Joshu
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexandra B. Morshed
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Allison Phad
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Shelly Johnston
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research (Drs Haire-Joshu and Tabak and Mss Phad and Johnston), Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research (Dr Haire-Joshu), and Prevention Research Center (Drs Morshed and Tabak), the Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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15
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Mazzucca S, Arredondo EM, Hoelscher DM, Haire-Joshu D, Tabak RG, Kumanyika SK, Brownson RC. Expanding Implementation Research to Prevent Chronic Diseases in Community Settings. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:135-158. [PMID: 33467924 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease prevention continues to be inadequate, overall and in achieving health equity, in spite of the many evidence-based practices and policies (EBPPs) available to address risk behaviors such as unhealthful eating, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use. Although clinical settings are needed for EBPPs that involve medical procedures such as immunization or early detection, dissemination of EBPPs can be effective in a variety of settings such as schools and childcare centers, worksites, social service organizations, and religious organizations. More implementation research is needed to meet challenges of effective application of EBPPs in such community settings, in which primary missions, capacity, cultures, and values do not focus on health services delivery. To address health equity, consideration of social and economic contexts of people reached in these settings is essential. This review presents lessons learned from past studies to guide future implementation research and practice across diverse settings and geographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mazzucca
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; , , ,
| | - Elva M Arredondo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92123-4311, USA;
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78701, USA;
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; , , ,
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; , , ,
| | - Shiriki K Kumanyika
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; , , , .,Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences; and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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16
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Tabak RG, Bauman AA, Holtrop JS. Roles dissemination and implementation scientists can play in supporting research teams. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:9. [PMID: 33451364 PMCID: PMC7811259 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is rapidly growing, with many scientists seeking to apply D&I science to enhance and expand the impact of their work. As the D&I field grows and collaborations of implementation scientists with other fields flourish, a description for the roles for D&I scientists as they collaborate with researchers from other fields could be beneficial. This paper exemplifies how the D&I scientist/researcher collaborative process might work and important elements to consider in doing so, as well as provide an outline on how collaborations might progress for different project needs. This is discussed through example scenarios to consider an implementation scientists' engagement in a research project and describe potential roles for implementation scientists in supporting research teams. We then discuss characteristics to consider when incorporating a D&I expert into a team and considerations in navigating the scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Ana A Bauman
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jodi Summers Holtrop
- Department of Family Medicine and Dissemination and Implementation Research Program of the Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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Tabak RG, Furtado K, Schwarz CD, Haire-Joshu D. Neighborhood Perceptions Among Pregnant African American Women in St. Louis, Missouri, Before and After the Shooting of Michael Brown. Health Equity 2020; 4:353-361. [PMID: 32908956 PMCID: PMC7473163 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2019.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to examine perceptions of neighborhood quality and safety before and after the death of Michael Brown and the unrest that followed. Methods: In this secondary analysis of baseline data from one site in The Lifestyle Interventions for Expectant Moms (LIFE-Moms) Consortium, pregnant African American women in the St. Louis region completed a survey of neighborhood perceptions. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between perceptions among those completing baseline surveys and entering the study before and after August 9, 2014 (range: 2012-2015), adjusted for demographic characteristics. Results: Of 267 participants, half (n=134) completed the survey after August 9, 2014. Thirty-four percent of participants completing the survey after this date felt "The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day" compared with 21% of those completing the survey before (adjusted odds ratio=2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-3.7). There were no consistently significant differences in demographic characteristics or in the remaining 16 neighborhood items. Conclusions: This study is an example of how an unexpected shift in the community context in the wake of a profound event may impact health behaviors and outcomes in a measurable way. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01768793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Karishma Furtado
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Schwarz
- Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Obesity Prevention and Policy Research, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Mazzucca S, Parks RG, Tabak RG, Allen P, Dobbins M, Stamatakis KA, Brownson RC. Assessing Organizational Supports for Evidence-Based Decision Making in Local Public Health Departments in the United States: Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Measure. J Public Health Manag Pract 2020; 25:454-463. [PMID: 31348160 PMCID: PMC6614014 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fostering evidence-based decision making (EBDM) within local public health departments and among local health department (LHD) practitioners is crucial for the successful translation of research into public health practice to prevent and control chronic disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify organizational supports for EBDM within LHDs and determine psychometric properties of a measure of organizational supports for EBDM in LHDs. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observation study. SETTING Local public health departments in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Local health department practitioners (N = 376) across the United States participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Local health department practitioners completed a survey containing 27 items about organizational supports for EBDM. Most items were adapted from previously developed surveys, and input from researchers and practitioners guided survey development. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test and refine the psychometric properties of the measure. RESULTS The final solution included 6 factors of 22 items: awareness of EBDM (3 items), capacity for EBDM (7 items), resources availability (3 items), evaluation capacity (3 items), EBDM climate cultivation (3 items), and partnerships to support EBDM (3 items). This factor solution achieved acceptable fit (eg, Comparative Fit Index = 0.965). Logistic regression models showed positive relationships between the 6 factors and the number of evidence-based interventions delivered. CONCLUSIONS This study identified important organizational supports for EBDM within LHDs. Results of this study can be used to understand and enhance organizational processes and structures to support EBDM to improve LHD performance and population health. Strong measures are important for understanding how LHDs support EBDM, evaluating interventions to improve LHD capacity, and to guide programmatic and policy efforts within LHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Renee G. Parks
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Peg Allen
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Katherine A. Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Drs Mazzucca, Tabak, Allen, and Brownson and Ms Parks); National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (Dr Dobbins); Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Stamatakis); and Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson)
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Tabak RG, Strickland JR, Kirk B, Colvin R, Stein RI, Dart H, Colditz GA, Dale AM, Evanoff BA. Pilot test of an interactive obesity treatment approach among employed adults in a university medical billing office. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:57. [PMID: 32355567 PMCID: PMC7187490 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for workplace programs promoting healthy eating and activity that reach low-wage employees and are scalable beyond the study site. Interventions designed with dissemination in mind aim to utilize minimal resources and to fit within existing systems. Technology-based interventions have the potential to promote healthy behaviors and to be sustainable as well as scalable. We developed an interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA), to be delivered by SMS text messaging, and therefore accessible to a broad population. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate participant engagement with, and acceptability of, this iOTA to promote healthy eating and activity behaviors among low-wage workers with obesity. Methods Twenty participants (self-reporting body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) of a single workgroup employed by a university medical practice billing office had access to the full intervention and study measures and provided feedback on the experience. Height and weight were measured by trained research staff at baseline. Each participant was offered a quarterly session with a health coach. Measured weight and a self-administered survey, including dietary and activity behaviors, were also collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Participant engagement was assessed through responsiveness to iOTA SMS text messages throughout the 24-month pilot. A survey measure was used to assess satisfaction with iOTA at 3 months. Due to the small sample size and pilot nature of the current study, we conducted descriptive analyses. Engagement, weight change, and duration remaining in coaching are presented individually for each study participant. Results The pilot was originally intended to last 3 months, but nearly all participants requested to continue; we thus continued for 24 months. Most (14/20) participants remained in coaching for 24 months. At the 3-month follow-up, eight (47%) of the remaining 17 participants had lost weight; by 24 months, five (36%) of the remaining 14 participants had lost weight (one had bariatric surgery). Participants reported very high satisfaction. Conclusions This pilot provides important preliminary results on acceptability and participant engagement with iOTA, which has significant potential for dissemination and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- 1The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jaime R Strickland
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bridget Kirk
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ryan Colvin
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Richard I Stein
- 3Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hank Dart
- 4Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- 5Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bradley A Evanoff
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Allen P, Mazzucca S, Parks RG, Robinson M, Tabak RG, Brownson R. Local Health Department Accreditation Is Associated With Organizational Supports for Evidence-Based Decision Making. Front Public Health 2020; 7:374. [PMID: 31921739 PMCID: PMC6928116 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies show that health department accreditation from the U.S. Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) drives performance management and quality improvement. PHAB standards call for agencies to use evidence in decision making. It is unknown whether accreditation is associated with organizational supports for evidence-based decision making (EBDM). Self-report data from a 2017 survey of U.S. local health departments were analyzed to test relationships of accreditation status with organizational supports for EBDM. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in this observational study. A total of 579 local health departments were invited to complete an online survey; 350 (60.4%) provided complete data for the present study. The dependent variables were six factors of organizational supports for EBDM previously validated through confirmatory factor analyses. Accreditation status (PHAB-accredited, preparing, not preparing) was the independent variable of interest. Logistic regression analyses controlled for governance (presence of a local board of health; state, local, or shared state and local governance) and jurisdiction population size. Results: PHAB-accredited health departments were more likely to report higher capacity for EBDM, resource availability for EBDM, and evaluation capacity than health departments that reported not yet preparing for accreditation. Health departments that reported preparing for PHAB accreditation showed a non-significant pattern of higher perceived supports for EBDM compared to departments not preparing for accreditation. Conclusion: PHAB standards and the accreditation process may help stimulate health department organizational supports for EBDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peg Allen
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Renee G Parks
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mackenzie Robinson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ross Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Griffin NE, Buchanan TR, Smith SH, Leon AA, Meyer MF, Liu J, Tabak RG, Fuh KC, Thaker PH, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Massad LS, Colditz GA, Hagemann AR. Low rates of cascade genetic testing among families with hereditary gynecologic cancer: An opportunity to improve cancer prevention. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 156:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tabak RG, Morshed AB, Schwarz CD, Haire‐Joshu D. Weight gain prevention content delivered to mothers: Lessons from an intervention embedded in a community organization. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:540-547. [PMID: 31890244 PMCID: PMC6934432 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transparent reporting of the intervention content study participants receive is particularly important for dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions to address obesity. This study explores intervention delivery and perceptions of content when an intervention is embedded within an organization's usual practice and associations with weight outcomes. METHODS This is a secondary analysis from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) randomized trial. HEALTH is a weight gain prevention intervention embedded within a national home visiting programme (Parents as Teachers, PAT). To be consistent with PAT practice, HEALTH has a suggested but also flexible home visit structure. Therefore, the number and frequency of home visits are determined by the family's needs and preferences based on the parent educator's professional judgement. The proportion of participants who received each curriculum core lesson was explored among the 105 families randomized to the HEALTH intervention group, as were mean parent educator perception ratings of the visits (5-point Likert-type scale). A chi-square test was used to examine the association between utilization (ie, low: 1-6, middle: 7-12, or high: 13-18 visits) category and weight maintenance. RESULTS Mothers received on average 13.3 (standard deviation 6.2) core visits. Mean parent educator perception of the mothers' response (out of 5) ranged from 3.99 to 4.27; educators' perception of their own experience with the lesson ranged from 4.13 to 4.34. Among mothers who maintained their weight, 13% were low, 22% were middle, and 65% were high utilizers, while among mothers who gained weight, 3%, 31%, and 67% were low, middle, and high utilizers, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study identified wide variation in the visits families received from the curriculum but minimal variation in visit perceptions. Future studies could explore whether there are optimal patterns for visit content, associated with successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- The Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouri
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Abstract
Background. Upper limb (UL) performance, or use, in daily life is complex and likely influenced by many factors. While the recovery trajectory of UL impairment poststroke is well documented, little is known about the recovery trajectory of sensor-measured UL performance in daily life early after stroke and the potential moderating role of psychosocial factors. Objective. To examine the recovery trajectory of UL performance within the first 12 weeks poststroke and characterize the potential moderating role of belief, confidence, and motivation on UL performance. Methods. This was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study quantifying UL performance and related psychosocial factors early after stroke. UL performance was quantified via bilateral, wrist-worn accelerometers over 5 assessment sessions for 24 hours. Belief, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL, and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery were quantified via survey. Change in 4 accelerometer variables and the moderating role of psychosocial factors was tested using hierarchical linear modeling. The relationship between self-perceived barriers and UL performance was tested via Spearman rank-order correlation analysis. Results. UL performance improved over the first 12 weeks after stroke. Belief, confidence, and motivation did not moderate UL performance over time. There was a negative relationship between UL performance and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery at week 2, which declined over time. Conclusions. Sensor-measured UL performance can improve early after stroke. Early after stroke, rehabilitation interventions may not need to directly target belief, confidence, and motivation but may instead focus on reducing self-perceived barriers to UL recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Strube
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Catherine E. Lang
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Waddell KJ, Tabak RG, Strube MJ, Haire-Joshu D, Lang CE. Belief, Confidence, and Motivation to Use the Paretic Upper Limb in Daily Life Over the First 24 Weeks After Stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther 2019; 43:197-203. [PMID: 31436612 PMCID: PMC6744298 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The recovery patterns of upper limb (UL) impairment after stroke are established. Psychosocial factors such as belief that paretic UL recovery is possible, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL in everyday tasks are unexplored early after stroke. The purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize belief, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL in daily life, and self-perceived barriers to UL recovery over the first 24 weeks after stroke. METHODS This was a longitudinal cohort study (N = 30) with 8 assessment sessions over the first 24 weeks after stroke. Belief, confidence, and motivation to use the paretic UL and self-perceived barriers were quantified via survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Change in the number of self-perceived barriers between weeks 2 and 24 was tested using a paired-samples t test. The relationship between UL capacity, depressive symptomatology, cognition, and each psychosocial factor was examined using Spearman rank-order correlation analyses. RESULTS Twenty-two participants completed all study assessments. Belief, confidence, and motivation were high across the 24 weeks, with little variation. There was no difference between the average number of barriers from weeks 2 to 24. There was no relationship between the clinical measures and psychosocial factors at week 2, 12, or 24. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS High levels of belief, confidence, and motivation appear consistent over the first 6 months after stroke. The lack of correlations between psychosocial factors and clinical measures suggests belief, confidence, and motivation may not be vulnerable to functional status early after stroke.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A283).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Strube
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Catherine E. Lang
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Tabak RG, Schwarz CD, Kemner A, Schechtman KB, Steger-May K, Byrth V, Haire-Joshu D. Disseminating and implementing a lifestyle-based healthy weight program for mothers in a national organization: a study protocol for a cluster randomized trial. Implement Sci 2019; 14:68. [PMID: 31238955 PMCID: PMC6593605 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-019-0916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive weight gain among young adult women age 18–45 years is an alarming and overlooked trend that must be addressed to reverse the epidemics of obesity and chronic disease. During this vulnerable period, women tend to gain disproportionally large amounts of weight compared to men and to other life periods. Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) is a lifestyle modification intervention developed in partnership with Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national home visiting, community-based organization with significant reach in this population. HEALTH prevented weight gain, promoted sustained weight loss, and reduced waist circumference. PAT provides parent–child education and services free of charge to nearly 170,000 families through up to 25 free home visits per year until the child enters kindergarten. Methods This study extends effectiveness findings with a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate dissemination and implementation (D&I) of HEALTH across three levels (mother, parent educator, PAT site). The trial will evaluate the effect of HEALTH and the HEALTH training curriculum (implementation strategy) on weight among mothers with overweight and obesity across the USA (N = 252 HEALTH; N = 252 usual care). Parent educators from 28 existing PAT sites (14 HEALTH, 14 usual care) will receive the HEALTH training curriculum through PAT National Center, using PAT’s existing training infrastructure, as a continuing education opportunity. An extensive evaluation, guided by RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance), will determine implementation outcomes (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, and adaptation) at the parent educator level. The Conceptual Framework for Implementation Research will characterize determinants that influence HEALTH D&I at three levels: mother, parent educator, and PAT site to enhance external validity (reach and maintenance). Discussion Embedding intervention content within existing delivery channels can help expand the reach of evidence-based interventions. Interventions, which have been adapted, can still be effective even if the effect is reduced and can still achieve population impact by reaching a broader set of the population. The current study will build on this to test not only the effectiveness of HEALTH in real-world PAT implementation nationwide, but also elements critical to D&I, implementation outcomes, and the context for implementation. Trial registration https://ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03758638. Registered 29 November 2018 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13012-019-0916-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Cynthia D Schwarz
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Allison Kemner
- Research and Quality, Parents as Teachers, 2228 Ball Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63146, USA
| | - Kenneth B Schechtman
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., CB 8067, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Karen Steger-May
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., CB 8067, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Veronda Byrth
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School and The School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Stein RI, Strickland JR, Tabak RG, Dale AM, Colditz GA, Evanoff BA. Design of a randomized trial testing a multi-level weight-control intervention to reduce obesity and related health conditions in low-income workers. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 79:89-97. [PMID: 30664943 PMCID: PMC6521952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weight-control is a major public health focus for preventing multiple obesity-related health conditions. While clinic-based intensive lifestyle interventions are successful, low-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations, which have a higher burden of obesity, are difficult to reach; thus, the workplace offers a useful setting to target low-SES workers. The current paper presents the design of a study testing a workplace intervention aimed at low-SES employees. Partnering with a large healthcare system and affiliated university, this project will test an innovative multi-level intervention ("Working for You") adapted from existing group- and individual-level intervention models to promote healthy weight among low-wage workers. The individual-level component is an interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA) program that involves assessment of behavior risks, collaborative goal-setting with a health coach, and interactive SMS text-messages for ongoing support and self-monitoring. This mHealth intervention is embedded in the group-level component, a workplace participatory program that involves worker teams engaged in the design and implementation of interventions to change their workplace environments. These nested interventions are being tested in a group-randomized trial among 22 work groups (~1000 total workers, ~300 workers with obesity). The primary outcome will be program effects on weight at 2-year follow-up, compared to control, and the secondary outcomes will be effects on diet and physical activity; iOTA adherence, process measures, and work environment/support will also be examined. This pragmatic clinical trial will test scalable interventions that can be translated to other work settings to reduce obesity and related health risks among low-SES workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02934113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Stein
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - Jaime R Strickland
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Bradley A Evanoff
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, 660 S. Euclid, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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Morshed AB, Tabak RG, Schwarz CD, Haire-Joshu D. The Impact of a Healthy Weight Intervention Embedded in a Home-Visiting Program on Children's Weight and Mothers' Feeding Practices. J Nutr Educ Behav 2019; 51:237-244. [PMID: 30385250 PMCID: PMC6392451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether a healthy weight intervention embedded in the Parents as Teachers (PAT) home visiting program, which was previously found to improve mothers' body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related behaviors, changed the BMI of preschool children or maternal feeding practices. METHODS This stratified randomized trial included preschool-aged children at risk for overweight whose mothers were overweight or had obesity (n = 179). The Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) intervention was based on the Diabetes Prevention Program. Differences were examined using repeated-measures mixed-ANOVA models. RESULTS Compared with PAT usual care, the HEALTH intervention had no effect on children's BMI or maternal feeding practices. However, combined analyses showed that children's BMI percentile decreased (P = .007), BMI z-scores were maintained (P = .19), and 3 of 8 feeding practices improved over time (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Additional research is needed to assess the effectiveness of PAT to prevent preschool-age obesity using rigorous designs (eg, group-randomized trials) and to identify its active components. HEALTH is ready to be scaled up to prevent maternal weight gain through embedding within the national PAT program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Phad A, Johnston S, Tabak RG, Mazzucca S, Haire-Joshu D. Developing priorities to achieve health equity through diabetes translation research: a concept mapping study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000851. [PMID: 31908801 PMCID: PMC6936412 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of diabetes translation research is to advance research into practice and ensure equitable benefit from scientific evidence. This study uses concept mapping to inform and refine future directions of diabetes translation research with the goal of achieving health equity in diabetes prevention and control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used concept mapping and input from a national network of diabetes researchers and public health practitioners. Concept mapping is a mixed-method, participant-based process. First, participants generated statements by responding to a focus prompt ("To eliminate disparities and achieve health equity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, research should…"). Participants then sorted statements by conceptual similarity and rated each statement on importance and feasibility (Likert scale of 1-5). A cluster map was created using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis; statements were plotted by average importance and feasibility. RESULTS Ten clusters were identified containing between 6 and 12 statements from 95 total generated statements. The ranges of average importance and feasibility ratings for clusters were fairly high and narrow (3.62-4.09; 3.10-3.93, respectively). Clusters with the most statements in the "go-zone" quadrant (above average importance/feasibility) were community and partner engagement (n=7), dissemination and implementation principles (n=4), and enrichment and capacity building (n=4). Clusters with the most statements in the "innovative-targets" quadrant (above average importance, below average feasibility) included next generation interventions (n=6), policy approaches (n=4), and interventions for specific populations (n=4). CONCLUSIONS This study created a framework of 10 priority areas to guide current and future efforts in diabetes translation research to achieve health equity. Themes rated as highly important and feasible provide the basis to evaluate current research support. Future efforts should explore how to best support innovative-targets, those rated highly important but less feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Phad
- Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shelly Johnston
- Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Tabak RG, Strickland JR, Stein RI, Dart H, Colditz GA, Kirk B, Dale AM, Evanoff BA. Development of a scalable weight loss intervention for low-income workers through adaptation of interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1265. [PMID: 30445939 PMCID: PMC6240310 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Describing how and why an evidence-based intervention is adapted for a new population and setting using a formal evaluation and an adaptation framework can inform others seeking to modify evidence-based weight management interventions for different populations or settings. The Working for You intervention was adapted, to fit a workplace environment, from Be Fit Be Well, an evidence-based intervention that targets weight-control and hypertension in patients at an outpatient clinic. Workplace-based efforts that promote diet and activity behavior change among low-income employees have potential to address the obesity epidemic. This paper aims to explicitly describe how Be Fit Be Well was adapted for this new setting and population. METHODS To describe and understand the worksite culture, environment, and policies that support or constrain healthy eating and activity in the target population, we used qualitative and quantitative methods including key informant interviews, focus groups, and a worker survey; these data informed intervention adaptation. We organized the adaptations made to Be Fit Be Well using an adaptation framework from implementation science. RESULTS The adapted intervention, Working for You, maintains the theoretical premise and evidence-base underpinning Be Fit Be Well. However, it was modified in terms of the means of delivery (i.e., rather than using interactive voice response, Working for You employs automated SMS text messaging), defined as a modification to context by the adaptation framework. The adaptation framework also includes modifications to content; in this case the behavioral goals were modified for the target population based on updated science related to weight loss and to target a workplace population (e.g., a goal to avoiding free food at work). CONCLUSIONS If effective, this scalable and relatively inexpensive intervention can be translated to other work settings to reduce obesity and diabetes risk among low-SES workers, a group with a higher prevalence of these conditions. Using a formal evaluation and framework to guide and organize how and why an evidence-based intervention is adapted for a new population and setting can push the field of intervention research forward. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02934113 ; Received: October 12, 2016; Updated: November 7, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jaime R. Strickland
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Richard I. Stein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8083, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hank Dart
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bridget Kirk
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ann Marie Dale
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bradley A. Evanoff
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8005, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Tabak RG, Morshed AB, Schwarz CD, Haire-Joshu D. Impact of a Healthy Weight Intervention Embedded Within a National Home Visiting Program on the Home Food Environment. Front Public Health 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 29998092 PMCID: PMC6028746 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether a lifestyle intervention embedded within Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national child development and parenting home visiting program, helped families make food-related home environment changes. Design: Secondary data analysis of a stratified randomized pragmatic trial. (Trial Registration: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01567033). Setting: Participant homes in St. Louis, Missouri. Subjects: Women (n = 179 with pre-post data, of 230 with baseline) participating in standard PAT, with overweight or obesity, and at least one preschool child with BMI percentile ≥60%. Intervention: PAT + Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH), embedded elements of the Diabetes Prevention Program within the standard PAT curriculum. PAT + HEALTH addressed specific behaviors that impact caloric intake (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages), focusing on behavioral and environmental strategies. Consistent with PAT practice, the frequency, number, and focus (i.e., time spent on intervention components) of home visits were determined by the family's needs; dose structure was flexible [on average intervention: 23 (SD = 9), usual care: 13 (SD = 6) visits]. Measures: Food availability/accessibility and distractions in the home were assessed with items drawn largely from the HomeSTEAD Survey. Analysis: Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to test equality of changes between baseline and 24 months in the intervention and usual care groups. Results: The only significant difference in the pattern of change between usual care and intervention was soda availability/accessibility (p = 0.013). Conclusion: This embedded intervention successfully reduced availability/accessibility of sugar-sweetened beverages in the home. However, given the limited impact on other food-related home environment factors, future interventions could seek to more effectively intervene on all aspects of the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,The Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandra B Morshed
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,The Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cynthia D Schwarz
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Tabak RG, Dsouza N, Schwarz CD, Quinn K, Kristen P, Haire-Joshu D. A formative study to understand perspectives of families eligible for a pediatric obesity program: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:586. [PMID: 29720138 PMCID: PMC5932800 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raising Well® (RW) was initiated in 2015 by Envolve PeopleCare™ at the request of health plans seeking a solution to work with families on Medicaid that have a child with overweight or obesity. RW uses expert clinical coaches via phone contact to deliver an educational intervention promoting lifestyle change to families with at least one overweight or obese child in an eligible Medicaid health plan. This gives RW significant potential for reach and population impact. This project aimed to understand how to maximize this impact by exploring perspectives of RW, using a conceptual framework informed by the Conceptual Model of Implementation Research, including assessment of the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of RW; determining satisfaction among those experiencing coaching; identifying reasons individuals do not participate; and developing recommendations to enhance interest and participation. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 70 RW-eligible families across four states, who were described as: active participants, respondents who dropped or stopped RW, and RW non-participants. Following the interviews, the transcripts were coded inductively and deductively using a grounded theory approach, considering themes from the conceptual framework; themes also emerged from the data. Results From this sample, 19 families reported to be active coaching participants, 24 had dropped coaching, and 27 were RW non-participants. A number of themes were identified. Feasibility themes included coaches’ flexibility and willingness to work with the family’s schedule. Acceptability themes suggest providing actionable strategies tailored to the family’s context and needs, beyond just nutrition information and tips, early in the coaching relationship so the family perceives a benefit for continued participation. With regard to appropriateness, families were also interested in other methods of communication including email, texting, and in person visits. Access to resources for activity and healthy eating in their local community was also recommended. Conclusions RW has the potential to improve health and promote wellness. To enhance the impact of this program, RW could incorporate these findings to promote feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness and improve program implementation. Strategies may include modifying the information provided or the mode of delivering the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Nishita Dsouza
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Cynthia D Schwarz
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Karyn Quinn
- Envolve PeopleCare, 20 Batterson Park Road, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Patricia Kristen
- Envolve PeopleCare, 20 Batterson Park Road, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School and The School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Dodson EA, Hipp JA, Lee JA, Yang L, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Does Availability of Worksite Supports for Physical Activity Differ by Industry and Occupation? Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:517-526. [PMID: 27810951 PMCID: PMC5415420 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116668795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore combinations of worksite supports (WSS) for physical activity (PA) that may assist employees in meeting PA recommendations and to investigate how availability of WSS differs across industries and occupations. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Several Missouri metropolitan areas. PARTICIPANTS Adults employed >20 h/wk outside the home. MEASURES Survey utilized existing self-reported measures (eg, presence of WSS for PA) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. ANALYSIS Logistic regression was conducted for 2 outcome variables: leisure and transportation PA. Independent variables included 16 WSS. Of particular interest were interaction effects between WSS variables. Analyses were stratified by 5 occupation and 7 industry types. RESULTS Overall, 2013 people completed the survey (46% response rate). Often, availability of 1 WSS did not increase the likelihood of meeting PA recommendations, but several pairs of WSS did. For example, in business occupations, the odds of meeting PA recommendations through transportation PA increased when employees had access to showers and incentives to bike/walk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-2.22); showers and maps (OR = 1.25; 1.02-1.55); maps and incentives to bike/walk (OR = 1.48; 1.04-2.12). CONCLUSION Various combinations of WSS may increase the likelihood that employees will meet PA recommendations. Many are of low or no cost, including flexible time for exercise and maps of worksite-adjacent walk/bike routes. Findings may be instructive for employers seeking to improve employee health through worksite PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dodson
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- 2 Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- 3 Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- 4 Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; formerly at Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine M Marx
- 5 Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- 1 Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
- 6 Department of Surgery, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mazzucca S, Tabak RG, Pilar M, Ramsey AT, Baumann AA, Kryzer E, Lewis EM, Padek M, Powell BJ, Brownson RC. Variation in Research Designs Used to Test the Effectiveness of Dissemination and Implementation Strategies: A Review. Front Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29515989 PMCID: PMC5826311 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The need for optimal study designs in dissemination and implementation (D&I) research is increasingly recognized. Despite the wide range of study designs available for D&I research, we lack understanding of the types of designs and methodologies that are routinely used in the field. This review assesses the designs and methodologies in recently proposed D&I studies and provides resources to guide design decisions. Methods We reviewed 404 study protocols published in the journal Implementation Science from 2/2006 to 9/2017. Eligible studies tested the efficacy or effectiveness of D&I strategies (i.e., not effectiveness of the underlying clinical or public health intervention); had a comparison by group and/or time; and used ≥1 quantitative measure. Several design elements were extracted: design category (e.g., randomized); design type [e.g., cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT)]; data type (e.g., quantitative); D&I theoretical framework; levels of treatment assignment, intervention, and measurement; and country in which the research was conducted. Each protocol was double-coded, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results Of the 404 protocols reviewed, 212 (52%) studies tested one or more implementation strategy across 208 manuscripts, therefore meeting inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 77% utilized randomized designs, primarily cluster RCTs. The use of alternative designs (e.g., stepped wedge) increased over time. Fewer studies were quasi-experimental (17%) or observational (6%). Many study design categories (e.g., controlled pre-post, matched pair cluster design) were represented by only one or two studies. Most articles proposed quantitative and qualitative methods (61%), with the remaining 39% proposing only quantitative. Half of protocols (52%) reported using a theoretical framework to guide the study. The four most frequently reported frameworks were Consolidated Framework for Implementing Research and RE-AIM (n = 16 each), followed by Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services and Theoretical Domains Framework (n = 12 each). Conclusion While several novel designs for D&I research have been proposed (e.g., stepped wedge, adaptive designs), the majority of the studies in our sample employed RCT designs. Alternative study designs are increasing in use but may be underutilized for a variety of reasons, including preference of funders or lack of awareness of these designs. Promisingly, the prevalent use of quantitative and qualitative methods together reflects methodological innovation in newer D&I research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meagan Pilar
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alex T Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ana A Baumann
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily Kryzer
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ericka M Lewis
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Margaret Padek
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Byron J Powell
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Surgery, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Tabak RG, Parks RG, Allen P, Jacob RR, Mazzucca S, Stamatakis KA, Poehler AR, Chin MH, Dobbins M, Dekker D, Brownson RC. Patterns and correlates of use of evidence-based interventions to control diabetes by local health departments across the USA. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018; 6:e000558. [PMID: 30233805 PMCID: PMC6135437 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nearly 3000 local health departments (LHDs) nationwide are the front line of public health and are positioned to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for diabetes control. Yet little is currently known about use of diabetes-related EBIs among LHDs. This study used a national online survey to determine the patterns and correlates of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Community Guide-recommended EBIs for diabetes control in LHDs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to survey a stratified random sample of LHDs regarding department characteristics, respondent characteristics, evidence-based decision making within the LHD, and delivery of EBIs (directly or in collaboration) within five categories (diabetes-related, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, and tobacco). Associations between delivering EBIs and respondent and LHD characteristics and evidence-based decision making were explored using logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 240 LHDs there was considerable variation among the EBIs delivered. Diabetes prevalence in the state was positively associated with offering the Diabetes Prevention Program (OR=1.28 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.62)), diabetes self-management education (OR=1.32 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.67)), and identifying patients and determining treatment (OR=1.27 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.54)). Although all organizational supports for evidence-based decision making factors were related in a positive direction, the only significant association was between evaluation capacity and identifying patients with diabetes and determining effective treatment (OR=1.54 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.19)). CONCLUSION Supporting evidence-based decision making and increasing the implementation of these EBIs by more LHDs can help control diabetes nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Renee G Parks
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peg Allen
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebekah R Jacob
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine A Stamatakis
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison R Poehler
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marshall H Chin
- Department of Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra Dekker
- National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), District of Columbia, Washington, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Kumar P, Dhand A, Tabak RG, Brownson RC, Yadama GN. Adoption and sustained use of cleaner cooking fuels in rural India: a case control study protocol to understand household, network, and organizational drivers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 75:70. [PMID: 29255604 PMCID: PMC5729269 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Implementing efficient stoves and clean fuels in low and middle-income countries are critical for improving health of poor women and children and improve the environment. Cleaner biomass stoves, however, perform poorly against the World Health Organization’s indoor air quality guidelines. This has shifted the focus to systematic dissemination and implementation of cleaner cooking systems such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) among poor communities. Even when there is some uptake of LPG by poor communities, its sustained use has been low. Concurrent use of LPG with traditional biomass cookstoves compromises reductions in household air pollution and limits health and environmental dividends. Therefore understanding key drivers of adoption and sustained implementation of clean fuels among the poor is critical. There is a significant gap, however, in the research to understand determinants and sustained exclusive use of clean fuels in rural poor communities. Methods/design Using a case control study design, this study will explore the impact of affordability, accessibility, and awareness on adoption and sustained use of LPG among rural poor communities of India. The study uses a multistage random sampling to collect primary data from 510 households. Case group or LPG adopters constitute 255 households while control group or non-LPG adopters constitute the remaining 255 households. The study will deploy sophisticated stove use monitoring sensors in each of the stoves in 100 case group households to monitor stove use and stacking behavior (using clean and traditional systems of cooking) of participants for 12 months. Moreover, this will be the first study to explore the impact of personal social networks striated by gender on LPG adoption. This study is guided by the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) implementation science evaluation framework. Discussion Lessons from this study will feed into a larger discussion on developing a pro-poor strategy to foster uptake and sustained use of cleaner cooking systems such as LPG. Understanding the determinants of adoption and sustained use of cleaner cooking systems through the RE-AIM framework will expand our insights on implementation of cleaner cooking systems among poor communities and will advance implementation science in the clean cooking sector. A thorough study of such implementation strategies is crucial to realize multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals on global health, climate change, and energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Boston College School of Social Work, Boston College, 125 McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA
| | - Amar Dhand
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Gautam N Yadama
- Boston College School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall 132, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA
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Cradock AL, Barrett JL, Chriqui JF, Evenson KR, Goins KV, Gustat J, Heinrich KM, Perry CK, Scanze M, Schmid TL, Tabak RG, Umstattd Meyer MR, Valko C. Driven to Support: Individual- and County-Level Factors Associated With Public Support for Active Transportation Policies. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:657-666. [PMID: 29108441 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117738758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess predictors of stated support for policies promoting physically active transportation. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING US counties selected on county-level physical activity and obesity health status. PARTICIPANTS Participants completing random-digit dialed telephone survey (n = 906). MEASURES Survey measures assessed stated support for 5 policies to promote physically active transportation, access to active transportation facilities, and time spent in a car. County-level estimates included household car dependence and funding for bicycle-pedestrian projects. ANALYSIS Multivariable generalized linear mixed models using binary distribution and logit link, accounting for clustering within county. RESULTS Respondents supported policies for accommodating bicyclists and pedestrians through street improvements (89%), school active transportation programs (75%), employer-funded active commuting incentives (67%), and allocation of public funding (68%) and tax support (56%) for building and maintaining public transit. Residents spending >2 h/d (vs <0.7 hours) in cars were more likely to support street (odds ratio [OR]: 1.87; confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-3.22) and public transit (OR: 1.85; CI: 1.24-2.77) improvements. Residents in counties investing >$1.6 million in bicycle and pedestrian improvements expressed greater support for funding (OR: 1.71; CI: 1.04-2.83) and tax increases (OR: 1.73; CI: 1.08-2.75) for transit improvements compared to those with lower prior investments (<$276 100). CONCLUSION Support for policies to enable active transportation is higher where relevant investments in active transportation infrastructure are large (>$1.6 M), public transit is nearby, and respondents drive >2 h/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L Cradock
- 1 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Barrett
- 1 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie F Chriqui
- 2 Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health and the Institute for Health Research & Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karin Valentine Goins
- 4 Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- 5 Department of Epidemiology; Prevention Research Center, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- 6 Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cynthia K Perry
- 7 Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michele Scanze
- 8 College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas L Schmid
- 9 Physical Activity and Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- 10 Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Renee Umstattd Meyer
- 11 Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Valko
- 10 Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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Parks RG, Tabak RG, Allen P, Baker EA, Stamatakis KA, Poehler AR, Yan Y, Chin MH, Harris JK, Dobbins M, Brownson RC. Enhancing evidence-based diabetes and chronic disease control among local health departments: a multi-phase dissemination study with a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial component. Implement Sci 2017; 12:122. [PMID: 29047384 PMCID: PMC5648488 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates of diabetes and prediabetes in the USA are growing, significantly impacting the quality and length of life of those diagnosed and financially burdening society. Premature death and disability can be prevented through implementation of evidence-based programs and policies (EBPPs). Local health departments (LHDs) are uniquely positioned to implement diabetes control EBPPs because of their knowledge of, and focus on, community-level needs, contexts, and resources. There is a significant gap, however, between known diabetes control EBPPs and actual diabetes control activities conducted by LHDs. The purpose of this study is to determine how best to support the use of evidence-based public health for diabetes (and related chronic diseases) control among local-level public health practitioners. METHODS/DESIGN This paper describes the methods for a two-phase study with a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial that will evaluate dissemination strategies to increase the uptake of public health knowledge and EBPPs for diabetes control among LHDs. Phase 1 includes development of measures to assess practitioner views on and organizational supports for evidence-based public health, data collection using a national online survey of LHD chronic disease practitioners, and a needs assessment of factors influencing the uptake of diabetes control EBPPs among LHDs within one state in the USA. Phase 2 involves conducting a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to assess effectiveness of dissemination strategies with local-level practitioners at LHDs to enhance capacity and organizational support for evidence-based diabetes prevention and control. Twelve LHDs will be selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups that cross over from usual practice to receive the intervention (dissemination) strategies at 8-month intervals; the intervention duration for groups ranges from 8 to 24 months. Intervention (dissemination) strategies may include multi-day in-person workshops, electronic information exchange methods, technical assistance through a knowledge broker, and organizational changes to support evidence-based public health approaches. Evaluation methods comprise surveys at baseline and the three crossover time points, abstraction of local-level diabetes and chronic disease control program plans and progress reports, and social network analysis to understand the relationships and contextual issues that influence EBPP adoption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT03211832.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G Parks
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Peg Allen
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Baker
- Department of Behavioral Science & Health Education, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Katherine A Stamatakis
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Allison R Poehler
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Marshall H Chin
- Department of Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jenine K Harris
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools and Health Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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Park T, Eyler AA, Tabak RG, Valko C, Brownson RC. Opportunities for Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Communities by Understanding the Interests and Values of Community Members. J Environ Public Health 2017; 2017:8608432. [PMID: 28932248 PMCID: PMC5591924 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8608432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) has well-established health benefits, but most Americans do not meet national guidelines. In southeastern Missouri, trails have been developed to increase rates of PA. Although this has had success, broad-scale interventions will be needed to improve rates further. In this study, we surveyed residents of southeastern Missouri to identify ways to improve rates of PA. METHODS We conducted a telephone survey in 2015 of adults (n = 524) from eight rural Missouri towns that had walking trails, regarding their activities and interests. FINDINGS Forty percent of respondents reported both walking and meeting PA recommendations, 29% reported walking but not meeting PA recommendations, and the remainder did not walk or did not answer. Respondents who used the trails were significantly more likely to meet PA recommendations (odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.7, 4.5). Certain values and interests that may encourage PA or draw people to trails were common. CONCLUSIONS The group that walked but did not meet PA recommendations would be the ideal group to target for intervention, which could focus on their reported values and interests (e.g., personal relationships, being outdoors). Use of walking trails was associated with meeting PA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Park
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Amy A. Eyler
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Cheryl Valko
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Skolarus TA, Lehmann T, Tabak RG, Harris J, Lecy J, Sales AE. Assessing citation networks for dissemination and implementation research frameworks. Implement Sci 2017; 12:97. [PMID: 28754140 PMCID: PMC5534119 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent review of frameworks used in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science described 61 judged to be related either to dissemination, implementation, or both. The current use of these frameworks and their contributions to D&I science more broadly has yet to be reviewed. For these reasons, our objective was to determine the role of these frameworks in the development of D&I science. METHODS We used the Web of Science™ Core Collection and Google Scholar™ to conduct a citation network analysis for the key frameworks described in a recent systematic review of D&I frameworks (Am J Prev Med 43(3):337-350, 2012). From January to August 2016, we collected framework data including title, reference, publication year, and citations per year and conducted descriptive and main path network analyses to identify those most important in holding the current citation network for D&I frameworks together. RESULTS The source article contained 119 cited references, with 50 published articles and 11 documents identified as a primary framework reference. The average citations per year for the 61 frameworks reviewed ranged from 0.7 to 103.3 among articles published from 1985 to 2012. Citation rates from all frameworks are reported with citation network analyses for the framework review article and ten highly cited framework seed articles. The main path for the D&I framework citation network is presented. CONCLUSIONS We examined citation rates and the main paths through the citation network to delineate the current landscape of D&I framework research, and opportunities for advancing framework development and use. Dissemination and implementation researchers and practitioners may consider frequency of framework citation and our network findings when planning implementation efforts to build upon this foundation and promote systematic advances in D&I science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted A. Skolarus
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
- Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Urology Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Todd Lehmann
- Department of Political Science, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Rachel G. Tabak
- Department of Political Science, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Jenine Harris
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis/George Warren Brown School of Social Work at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jesse Lecy
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Anne E. Sales
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Hipp JA, Dodson EA, Lee JA, Marx CM, Yang L, Tabak RG, Hoehner C, Marquet O, Brownson RC. Mixed methods analysis of eighteen worksite policies, programs, and environments for physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 28615024 PMCID: PMC5471708 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined whether specific worksite supports for physical activity (PA) were associated with total and domain-specific PA. Methods A cross-sectional, telephone-based study was conducted in four Missouri, USA, metropolitan areas in 2012 and 2013. Outcome variables included total PA and sub-domains (leisure, work, travel) measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression determined odds of meeting PA recommendations, given access to and use of 18 unique PA worksite supports. A subsample of 119 participants also wore hip accelerometry for seven consecutive days and maintained a wear-time diary. Access to worksite supports were associated with odds of meeting objective moderate and vigorous (MV) PA above 150 min per week. Results Among 2013 survey participants, meeting PA recommendations while performing work-related tasks was significantly associated with several supports (e.g., walking maps, stair prompts), as was meeting recommendations during travel (e.g., flextime for PA, incentives for public transportation, walking/bicycling to work). Access to 11 worksite supports increased odds of meeting PA recommendations through leisure-time PA; five supports were associated with total PA. There were significant differences between access to and use of supports. Using objective MVPA, access to worksite challenges and bike storage were significantly associated with five and three times greater odds of meeting 150 min of MVPA per week, respectively. Conclusions Worksite wellness plans are increasing across the US and employers are eager for evidence-based supports for increasing PA. This study provides insights into the utility of multiple worksite supports for PA to increase odds that employees meet PA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, and Fellow, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8004, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Dodson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Christine M Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1st Floor, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | | | - Oriol Marquet
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management and Center for Geospatial Analytics, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8000, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Yang L, Hipp JA, Lee JA, Tabak RG, Dodson EA, Marx CM, Brownson RC. Work-related correlates of occupational sitting in a diverse sample of employees in Midwest metropolitan cities. Prev Med Rep 2017; 6:197-202. [PMID: 28373929 PMCID: PMC5374873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The worksite serves as an ideal setting to reduce sedentary time. Yet little research has focused on occupational sitting, and few have considered factors beyond the personal or socio-demographic level. The current study i) examined variation in occupational sitting across different occupations, ii) explored whether worksite level factors (e.g., employer size, worksite supports and policies) may be associated with occupational sitting. Between 2012 and 2013, participants residing in four Missouri metropolitan areas were interviewed via telephone and provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, schedule flexibility, occupation, work related factors, and worksite supports and policies. Occupational sitting was self-reported (daily minutes spent sitting at work), and dichotomized. Occupation-stratified analyses were conducted to identify correlates of occupational sitting using multiple logistic regressions. A total of 1668 participants provided completed data. Those employed in business and office/administrative support spent more daily occupational sitting time (median 330 min) compared to service and blue collar employees (median 30 min). Few worksite supports and policies were sitting specific, yet factors such as having a full-time job, larger employer size, schedule flexibility, and stair prompt signage were associated with occupational sitting. For example, larger employer size was associated with higher occupational sitting in health care, education/professional, and service occupations. Work-related factors, worksite supports and policies are associated with occupational sitting. The pattern of association varies among different occupation groups. This exploratory work adds to the body of research on worksite level correlates of occupational sitting. This may provide information on priority venues for targeting highly sedentary occupation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, USA; Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA; Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, USA
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dodson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Christine M Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA; Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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Brown CH, Curran G, Palinkas LA, Aarons GA, Wells KB, Jones L, Collins LM, Duan N, Mittman BS, Wallace A, Tabak RG, Ducharme L, Chambers DA, Neta G, Wiley T, Landsverk J, Cheung K, Cruden G. An Overview of Research and Evaluation Designs for Dissemination and Implementation. Annu Rev Public Health 2017; 38:1-22. [PMID: 28384085 PMCID: PMC5384265 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The wide variety of dissemination and implementation designs now being used to evaluate and improve health systems and outcomes warrants review of the scope, features, and limitations of these designs. This article is one product of a design workgroup that was formed in 2013 by the National Institutes of Health to address dissemination and implementation research, and whose members represented diverse methodologic backgrounds, content focus areas, and health sectors. These experts integrated their collective knowledge on dissemination and implementation designs with searches of published evaluations strategies. This article emphasizes randomized and nonrandomized designs for the traditional translational research continuum or pipeline, which builds on existing efficacy and effectiveness trials to examine how one or more evidence-based clinical/prevention interventions are adopted, scaled up, and sustained in community or service delivery systems. We also mention other designs, including hybrid designs that combine effectiveness and implementation research, quality improvement designs for local knowledge, and designs that use simulation modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hendricks Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611;
| | - Geoffrey Curran
- Division of Health Services Research, Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205;
| | - Lawrence A Palinkas
- Department of Children, Youth and Families, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089;
| | - Gregory A Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093;
| | - Kenneth B Wells
- Center for Health Services and Society, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024;
| | - Loretta Jones
- Healthy African American Families, Los Angeles, California 90008;
| | - Linda M Collins
- The Methodology Center and Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Naihua Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
| | - Brian S Mittman
- VA Center for Implementation Practice and Research Support, Virginia Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, California 91343;
| | - Andrea Wallace
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242;
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, George Warren Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63105;
| | - Lori Ducharme
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814;
| | - David A Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850; ,
| | - Gila Neta
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850; ,
| | - Tisha Wiley
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814;
| | | | - Ken Cheung
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
| | - Gracelyn Cruden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611;
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514;
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Tabak RG, Padek MM, Kerner JF, Stange KC, Proctor EK, Dobbins MJ, Colditz GA, Chambers DA, Brownson RC. Dissemination and Implementation Science Training Needs: Insights From Practitioners and Researchers. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:S322-S329. [PMID: 28215389 PMCID: PMC5321656 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dissemination and implementation research training has great potential to improve the impact and reach of health-related research; however, research training needs from the end user perspective are unknown. This paper identifies and prioritizes dissemination and implementation research training needs. METHODS A diverse sample of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers was invited to participate in Concept Mapping in 2014-2015. Phase 1 (Brainstorming) gathered participants' responses to the prompt: To improve the impact of research evidence in practice and policy settings, a skill in which researchers need more training is… The resulting statement list was edited and included subsequent phases. Phase 2 (Sorting) asked participants to sort each statement into conceptual piles. In Phase 3 (Rating), participants rated the difficulty and importance of incorporating each statement into a training curriculum. A multidisciplinary team synthesized and interpreted the results in 2015-2016. RESULTS During Brainstorming, 60 researchers and 60 practitioners/policymakers contributed 274 unique statements. Twenty-nine researchers and 16 practitioners completed sorting and rating. Nine concept clusters were identified: Communicating Research Findings, Improve Practice Partnerships, Make Research More Relevant, Strengthen Communication Skills, Develop Research Methods and Measures, Consider and Enhance Fit, Build Capacity for Research, and Understand Multilevel Context. Though researchers and practitioners had high agreement about importance (r =0.93) and difficulty (r =0.80), ratings differed for several clusters (e.g., Build Capacity for Research). CONCLUSIONS Including researcher and practitioner perspectives in competency development for dissemination and implementation research identifies skills and capacities needed to conduct and communicate contextualized, meaningful, and relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Margaret M Padek
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jon F Kerner
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kurt C Stange
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Enola K Proctor
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen J Dobbins
- School of Nursing, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Morshed AB, Dodson EA, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. Comparison of Research Framing Preferences and Information Use of State Legislators and Advocates Involved in Cancer Control, United States, 2012-2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E10. [PMID: 28152363 PMCID: PMC5303654 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence-based policy plays an important role in prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. The needs of actors involved in policy decision-making should inform knowledge translation strategies. This study examines the differences between state legislators and advocates in how they seek and use information and what their preferences are for how research information is framed. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional comparison of survey responses by US advocates (n = 77) and state legislators (n = 265) working on issues related to cancer control. Results Advocates differed significantly from legislators on all demographic characteristics. Advocates reported seeking and using information more frequently than legislators, though legislators used legislative research bureaus more often (0.45 point difference, P = .004). Both legislators and advocates prioritized the presentation and timeliness of research information similarly but reported different preferences for source (information bias, information relevance, delivery of information by trusted person) of research information. Several differences between advocates and legislators were modified by participant age. Conclusion Our study provides insights for development of knowledge translation strategies to enhance evidence-based policy making for cancer control that are tailored to state-level legislators and advocates. Additional research efforts should evaluate the effectiveness of such knowledge translation strategies, particularly among advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Morshed
- Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130.
| | - Elizabeth A Dodson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Vaughn AE, Dearth-Wesley T, Tabak RG, Bryant M, Ward DS. Development of a Comprehensive Assessment of Food Parenting Practices: The Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet Family Food Practices Survey. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 117:214-227. [PMID: 27660178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' food parenting practices influence children's dietary intake and risk for obesity and chronic disease. Understanding the influence and interactions between parents' practices and children's behavior is limited by a lack of development and psychometric testing and/or limited scope of current measures. The Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet (HomeSTEAD) was created to address this gap. OBJECTIVE This article describes development and psychometric testing of the HomeSTEAD family food practices survey. PARTICIPANTS/DESIGN Between August 2010 and May 2011, a convenience sample of 129 parents of children aged 3 to 12 years were recruited from central North Carolina and completed the self-administered HomeSTEAD survey on three occasions during a 12- to 18-day window. Demographic characteristics and child diet were assessed at Time 1. Child height and weight were measured during the in-home observations (following Time 1 survey). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Exploratory factor analysis with Time 1 data was used to identify potential scales. Scales with more than three items were examined for scale reduction. Following this, mean scores were calculated at each time point. Construct validity was assessed by examining Spearman rank correlations between mean scores (Time 1) and children's diet (fruits and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks, sweets) and body mass index (BMI) z scores. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences in mean scores between time points, and single-measure intraclass correlations were calculated to examine test-retest reliability between time points. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis identified 24 factors and retained 124 items; however, scale reduction narrowed items to 86. The final instrument captures five coercive control practices (16 items), seven autonomy support practices (24 items), and 12 structure practices (46 items). All scales demonstrated good internal reliability (α>.62), 18 factors demonstrated construct validity (significant association with child diet, P<0.05), and 22 demonstrated good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.61). CONCLUSIONS The HomeSTEAD family food practices survey provides a brief, yet comprehensive and psychometrically sound assessment of food parenting practices.
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McVay AB, Stamatakis KA, Jacobs JA, Tabak RG, Brownson RC. The role of researchers in disseminating evidence to public health practice settings: a cross-sectional study. Health Res Policy Syst 2016; 14:42. [PMID: 27282520 PMCID: PMC4901476 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-016-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based public health interventions, which research has demonstrated offer the most promise for improving the population's health, are not always utilized in practice settings. The extent to which dissemination from researchers to public health practice settings occurs is not widely understood. This study examines the extent to which public health researchers in the United States are disseminating their research findings to local and state public health departments. METHODS In a 2012, nationwide study, an online questionnaire was administered to 266 researchers from the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and universities to determine dissemination practices. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between dissemination to state and/or local health departments and respondent characteristics, facilitators, and barriers to dissemination. RESULTS Slightly over half of the respondents (58%) disseminated their findings to local and/or state health departments. After adjusting for other respondent characteristics, respondents were more likely to disseminate their findings to health departments if they worked for a university Prevention Research Center or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or received their degree more than 20 years ago. Those who had ever worked in a practice or policy setting, those who thought dissemination was important to their own research and/or to the work of their unit/department, and those who had expectations set by their employers and/or funding agencies were more likely to disseminate after adjusting for work place, graduate degree and/or fellowship in public health, and the year the highest academic degree was received. CONCLUSIONS There is still room for improvement in strengthening dissemination ties between researchers and public health practice settings, and decreasing the barriers researchers face during the dissemination process. Researchers could better utilize national programs or workshops, knowledge brokers, or opportunities provided through academic institutions to become more proficient in dissemination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allese B McVay
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States of America.
| | - Katherine A Stamatakis
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Julie A Jacobs
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Hipp JA, Becker HV, Marx CM, Tabak RG, Brownson RC, Yang L. Worksite nutrition supports and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:144-153. [PMID: 29071097 PMCID: PMC5523698 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the link between worksite environmental supports for nutrition behaviours and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and offers insight into potential intervention points for reducing SSB consumption and combatting overweight and obesity. Methods Perceived worksite supports for healthy nutrition and self‐reported SSB consumption were analysed for 2,015 working adults in the state of Missouri using a subset of questions from the Supports at Home and Work for Maintaining Energy Balance (SHOW‐ME) study. Results Employees' use of vending facilities and the availability of water coolers/water bottles was significantly associated with increased SSB consumption, while use of cafeterias was significantly associated with decreased SSB consumption. Symbols or signs to identify healthy alternatives were significantly associated with sports drink consumption. Conclusions This study supports previous work indicating the worksite as a necessary environment for nutrition interventions. When choices (vending and cafeteria) are provided, employees report making healthier decisions. For worksites without cafeterias, alternatives should be explored including mobile food trucks and farmer's markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources and Center for Human Health and the Environment North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - H V Becker
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - C M Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R G Tabak
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R C Brownson
- Brown School Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Prevention Research Center in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Epidemiology Center for Public Health Medical University of Vienna
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Neamah HH, Sebert Kuhlmann AK, Tabak RG. Effectiveness of Program Modification Strategies of the Diabetes Prevention Program: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Educ 2016; 42:153-65. [PMID: 26879459 DOI: 10.1177/0145721716630386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of commonly used program modifications classified under cultural adaptation and program translational strategies for the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) in terms of risk reduction for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Authors extracted data about weight, body mass index (BMI), and 5 areas of program modification strategies from 28 interventions and analyzed them in SPSS software. Bivariate analyses examined the odds of achieving a significant reduction in outcomes by each modification of the DPP and by presence of a maintenance component, as well as the mean reduction of weight and BMI by more versus fewer modifications and by the presence of a maintenance component. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in achieving a significant reduction in weight or BMI by any type of modification or by the presence of a maintenance component. Programs with fewer modifications reported significantly greater reduction in mean weight at 12 months postintervention and the furthest time point extracted. Programs with a maintenance component achieved significantly greater reduction in mean weight measured at the furthest time point extracted. CONCLUSIONS The DPP appears to be programmatically robust to a variety of cultural adaptation and translational strategies. Potentially cost-saving modifications do not seem to reduce effectiveness, which should encourage implementation on a broader scale. Program planners should, however, make efforts to include maintenance components because they appear to significantly reduce risk for acquiring type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind H Neamah
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Neamah, Dr Sebert Kuhlmann)
| | - Anne K Sebert Kuhlmann
- Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Neamah, Dr Sebert Kuhlmann),Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Sebert Kuhlmann)
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA (Dr Tabak)
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Schoen MW, Tabak RG, Salas J, Scherrer JF, Buckhold FR. Comparison of Adherence to Guideline-Based Cholesterol Treatment Goals in Men Versus Women. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:48-53. [PMID: 26589821 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies show women do not receive aggressive cardiovascular interventions and may not be given guideline-based treatment to reduce cardiac events. We describe cholesterol treatment in an academic practice of family and internal medicine physicians to understand factors associated with achievement of guideline-based treatment goals in women compared with men. Primary care patients aged 40 to 75 years were included if they were prescribed a statin, had a Framingham risk score of ≥ 10%, had diabetes, or had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients were classified into Adult Treatment Panel III categories and assessed to whether they were in compliance with Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Odds ratios of goal adherence between women and men were calculated, and a multivariate model for goal achievement was created. In 2,747 patients, women were less likely to achieve cholesterol goals (odds ratio [OR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70 to 0.95) despite having more prescriptions for statins (48% vs 39%, p <0.001). More women than men failed to reach low-density lipoprotein goals because they were not prescribed a statin (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.85) and women on high-intensity statins were less likely than men to achieve goals (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.96). In all patients, diabetes was associated with nonattainment of cholesterol goals, but in high-risk women, the presence of diabetes improved goal achievement. In conclusion, women achieved guideline-based cholesterol recommendations at a lower rate than men, even when individual goals are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Schoen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Rachel G Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey F Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Fred R Buckhold
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
This paper explores factors associated with employee use of available supports for improving nutrition and activity behaviors. A cross-sectional telephone-survey assessed presence and use of available program, facility, and policy supports. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between job characteristics (e.g., supervising others) and use of available supports, adjusting for demographic characteristics. After adjustment, most supports were associated with at least one job-related factor. Participants supervising others were more likely to utilize eight supports including personal services for fitness, indoor exercise and shower facilities, and flextime for physical activity. The programs and facilities associated with the most factors were health fairs (e.g., increased likelihood with increased hours worked/week) and indoor exercise and shower facilities (e.g., increased likelihood with increased flexibility at work), respectively. Policies were associated with fewer factors. Since use of many programs and facilities differed based on job-related factors, employers might target supports based on job-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G. Tabak
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Marx
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lin Yang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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