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Sonowal S, Gogoi U, Buragohain K, Nath R. Endophytic fungi as a potential source of anti-cancer drug. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:122. [PMID: 38407579 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Endophytes are considered one of the major sources of bioactive compounds used in different aspects of health care including cancer treatment. When colonized, they either synthesize these bioactive compounds as a part of their secondary metabolite production or augment the host plant machinery in synthesising such bioactive compounds. Hence, the study of endophytes has drawn the attention of the scientific community in the last few decades. Among the endophytes, endophytic fungi constitute a major portion of endophytic microbiota. This review deals with a plethora of anti-cancer compounds derived from endophytic fungi, highlighting alkaloids, lignans, terpenes, polyketides, polyphenols, quinones, xanthenes, tetralones, peptides, and spirobisnaphthalenes. Further, this review emphasizes modern methodologies, particularly omics-based techniques, asymmetric dihydroxylation, and biotic elicitors, showcasing the dynamic and evolving landscape of research in this field and describing the potential of endophytic fungi as a source of anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sonowal
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Kabyashree Buragohain
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Ratul Nath
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
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Devi R, Verma R, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Puri S, Thakur M, Chauhan S, Chauhan PP, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. A systematic review on endophytic fungi and its role in the commercial applications. PLANTA 2023; 257:70. [PMID: 36856911 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EF have been explored for its beneficial impact on environment and for its commercial applications. It has proved its worth in these sectors and showed an impact on biological properties of plants by producing various bioactive molecules and enzymes. Endophytes are plant mutualists that live asymptomatically within plant tissues and exist in almost every plant species. Endophytic fungi benefit from the host plant nutrition, and the host plant gains improved competitive abilities and tolerance against pathogens, herbivores, and various abiotic stresses. Endophytic fungi are one of the most inventive classes which produce secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in human health and other biotic aspects. This review is focused on systematic study on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and their role in enhancing various properties of plants such as antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by various fungal endophytes in host plants reported from 1994 to 2021. This review emphasizes the endophytic fungal population shaped by host genotype, environment, and endophytic fungi genotype affecting host plant. The impact of endophytic fungi has been discussed in detail which influences the commercial properties of plants. Endophytes also have an influence on plant productivity by increasing parameters such as nutrient recycling and phytostimulation. Studies focusing on mechanisms that regulate attenuation of secondary metabolite production in EF would provide much needed impetus on ensuring continued production of bioactive molecules from a indubitable source. If this knowledge is further extensively explored regarding fungal endophytes in plants for production of potential phytochemicals, then it will help in exploring a keen area of interest for pharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla, H.P., 171206, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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M K, A R R. Pharmacological potential of fungal endophytes associated with the genus Ocimum L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2023. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1055749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are a rich source of secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi have potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, hepatoprotectants, growth promoters, and immunomodulators. Recent studies have shown that endophytes are a valuable source of undiscovered biomolecules. As a result, endophytic isolates from medicinal plants can be used in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Ocimum species, for example, have several medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine. Fungal endophytes have a strong association with Ocimum plants. Previous research has shown that the fungal endophytes of Ocimum sanctum produce phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile compounds. Additionally, fungal endophytes have a direct impact on the medicinal value of the genus Ocimum. This review aimed to discuss the pharmacological properties and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the genus Ocimum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmi A R
- Governmnet Victoria College,Palakkad
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Njoki L, Okoth S, Wachira P, Ouko A, Mwololo J, Rizzu M, Oufensou S, Amakhobe T. Evaluation of Agronomic Characteristics, Disease Incidence, Yield Performance, and Aflatoxin Accumulation among Six Peanut Varieties ( Arachis hypogea L.) Grown in Kenya. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:111. [PMID: 36828425 PMCID: PMC9962968 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases contribute to attainment of less than 50% of the local groundnut potential yield in Kenya. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics (flowering and germination), disease incidence, yield performance (biomass, harvest index, 100-pod, 100-seed, and total pod weight), and aflatoxin accumulation in six peanut varieties. A field experiment was conducted using four newly improved peanut varieties: CG9, CG7, CG12, and ICGV-SM 90704 (Nsinjiro), and two locally used varieties: Homabay local (control) and 12991, and in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease identification followed the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) rating scale and further isolation of fungal contaminants was conducted by a direct plating technique using potato dextrose agar. The aflatoxin levels in the peanuts were determined after harvesting using the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD) technique. ICGV-SM 90704 showed the least average disease incidence of 1.31 ± 1.75%, (P < 0.05); the lowest total aflatoxin levels (1.82 ± 1.41 μg kg-1) with a range 0.00-0.85 μg kg-1 for total aflatoxins and a range 0.00-1.24 μg kg-1 for Aflatoxin B1. The locally used varieties (12991 and the control) revealed the highest disease incidence (5.41 ± 8.31% and 7.41 ± 1.88%), respectively. ICGV-SM 90704 was the best performing among all the six varieties with an average total pod weight (9.22 ± 1.19 kg), 100-pod weight (262.93 ± 10.8 g), and biomass of (27.21 ± 5.05 kg) per row. The 12991 variety and the control showed the least total pod weight (1.60 ± 0.28 and 1.50 ± 1.11 kg, respectively) (P = 0.0001). The newly improved varieties showed lower disease rates, low levels of aflatoxins, and higher yields than the locally used varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loise Njoki
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - Sheila Okoth
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - Peter Wachira
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - Abigael Ouko
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - James Mwololo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongew P.O. Box 1096, Malawi
| | - Margherita Rizzu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Italy Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, NRD, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Italy Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, NRD, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Truphosa Amakhobe
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
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Kumar V, Prasher IB. Seasonal variation and tissues specificity of endophytic fungi of Dillenia indica L. and their extracellular enzymatic activity. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:341. [PMID: 35593972 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that live inside the tissues of plants without causing any disease. Many of these belonging to fungi have been exploited earlier for their biological activities. This study focused on the exploration and characterization of culturable endophytic fungi inhabiting the medicinal plant Dillenia indica L. during four different seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, and winter) from 2018 to 2019. A total of 2360 segments from different parts (leaves, fruits, and stem) were screened to isolate endophytic fungi. During the study, 25 species of fungi belonging to 20 genera were isolated from the selected plant. The identification of these fungi was validated at morphological, microscopic, and molecular levels. Results indicate the plant has the highest affinity for Daldinia eschscholtzii, followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Further, the percent frequency was highest in leaves, followed by stem and fruits. The results were further supported by a similar trend of colonization rate for different plant parts. The monsoon season had the highest number of isolates (312), followed by summer (208), winter (164), and autumn (114). Species diversity was highest during the monsoon season and lowest during the winter. These fungi also produce amylase, lipase, protease, asparaginase, cellulase, and ligninolytic enzymes. This study focused only on culturable fungal endophytes, yet the scope can be extended for other non-culturable microbes and their interaction by using high-throughput genomics and novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) tools. The results indicate that Dillenia indica L. harbors novel endophytic fungi having industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - I B Prasher
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab., Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Sahu PK, Singh S, Singh UB, Chakdar H, Sharma PK, Sarma BK, Teli B, Bajpai R, Bhowmik A, Singh HV, Saxena AK. Inter-Genera Colonization of Ocimum tenuiflorum Endophytes in Tomato and Their Complementary Effects on Na +/K + Balance, Oxidative Stress Regulation, and Root Architecture Under Elevated Soil Salinity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744733. [PMID: 34733259 PMCID: PMC8558678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacilli of ethano-botanical plant Ocimum tenuiflorum were screened for salt stress-alleviating traits in tomato. Four promising O. tenuiflorum endophytes (Bacillus safensis BTL5, Bacillus haynesii GTR8, Bacillus paralicheniformis GTR11, and Bacillus altitudinis GTS16) were used in this study. Confocal scanning laser microscopic studies revealed the inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato plants, giving insights for widening the applicability of potential endophytes to other crops. Furthermore, in a pot trial under 150 mM NaCl concentration, the inoculated endophytes contributed in reducing salt toxicity and improving recovery from salt-induced oxidative stress by different mechanisms. Reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (sub-cellular H2O2 and superoxide) accumulation was observed besides lowering programmed cell death and increasing chlorophyll content. Endophyte inoculation supplemented the plant antioxidant enzyme system via the modulation of enzymatic antioxidants, viz., peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, apart from increasing proline and total phenolics. Antioxidants like proline have dual roles of antioxidants and osmoregulation, which might also have contributed to improved water relation under elevated salinity. Root architecture, viz., root length, projection area, surface area, average diameter, tips, forks, crossings, and the number of links, was improved upon inoculation, indicating healthy root growth and enhanced nutrient flow and water homeostasis. Regulation of Na+/K+ balance and water homeostasis in the plants were also evident from the modulation in the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes, viz., LKT1, NHX1, SOS1, LePIP2, SlERF16, and SlWRKY39. Shoot tissues staining with light-excitable Na+ indicator Sodium GreenTM Tetra (tetramethylammonium) salt showed low sodium transport and accumulation in endophyte-inoculated plants. All four endophytes exhibited different mechanisms for stress alleviation and indicated complementary effects on plant growth. Furthermore, this could be harnessed in the form of a consortium for salt stress alleviation. The present study established inter-genera colonization of O. tenuiflorum endophytes in tomato and revealed its potential in maintaining Na+/K+ balance, reducing ROS, and improving root architecture under elevated salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Udai B Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Birinchi K Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Basavaraj Teli
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Raina Bajpai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh V Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Anil K Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
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Yadav G, Meena M. Bioprospecting of endophytes in medicinal plants of Thar Desert: An attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00629. [PMID: 34136363 PMCID: PMC8182382 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes act as chemical synthesizers of the secondary metabolites of the host plant. Endophytic microflora has been isolated from a wide array of plants. It can serve as a good alternative source for pharmaceutically important compounds. The arid ecosystem of Thar Desert is a rich repository of ethnomedicinal plants. Role of endophytes in the synthesis of bioactive molecules used to enhance production.
Endophytes live asymptomatically within the healthy tissues of plant parts of the host, has grabbed the attention of ecologists, chemists, and researchers to have a broad spectral of biotechnological potential. It has been proven that almost all plants harbor endophytes within themselves. Numerous studies indicated that endophytes act as chemical synthesizers of the secondary metabolites of their host plant. Various medicinal plants of the Thar Desert have been used by the local folks of the Rajasthan to treat several diseases ailments for time immemorial. On the basis of their prior knowledge of ethnopharmacological usage of medicinally important plants of Thar Desert, several researchers directed their studies in search of endophytic microflora of such medicinally important plants for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules of pharmaceutical importance, for instance, taxol producing endophytic fungus Phoma sp. isolated from Calotropis gigantea as well as Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus reported from Moringa oleifera demonstrated an effective antibiofilm, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. This review sheds light on the endophytic microflora of the ethnomedicinal plants of the Thar Desert and their biopotential as a promising source of pharmaceutically important naturally derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
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Mat Jalil MT, Hairudin NH, Ibrahim D. Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94, A Promising Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum sanctum with Antimicrobial Activity. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An endophytic fungus, Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 isolated from the leaf of Ocimum sanctum was believed to possess significant antimicrobial activity and several assays were carried out to evaluate its pharmaceutical potential. Methods: Agar plug diffusion and the disk diffusion assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the fungal extract. Also, the broth microdilution assay was done to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the structural degeneration of the microbial cells treated to the extract. Results: The results revealed that fungal isolate showed favorable antimicrobial activity through agar plug diffusion assay and the disk diffusion assay demonstrated that most of the test microorganisms were susceptible to extracellular extract compared to extracellular extract. As for the MIC and MLC values, the extracellular fungal extract exerted a bactericidal/fungicidal effect against all five Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria, one yeast, and none of the test fungi. Meanwhile, the intracellular fungal extract exhibited bactericidal/fungicidal activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, one Gram-negative bacterium, and one yeast. The structural degeneration study via SEM revealed that various cell abnormalities including severe damage to the cell wall which led to microbial cell death. Conclusion: The present study suggests the fungal extract from Muscodor sp. IBRLOS-94 as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nabila Husna Hairudin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Effects of Cultural Conditions in Enhancing the Production of Anti-MRSA Activity of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Leaf of Ocimum sanctum L. in Submerged Fermentation System. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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