Effect of yoga and aerobics exercise on sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

The effect of exercise on sleep habits of children with type 1 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Adequate sleep and exercise are important components of the human lifestyle. Paying attention to these two factors is very important to improve the condition of children with type 1 diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on sleep habits in children with type 1 diabetes.

MATERIAL & METHODS

62 children with type 1 diabetes participated in this clinical trial. They will be divided into the intervention group (31) and the control group (31). Sleep habits were measured using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). All children's parents completed the CSHQ. The intervention for the experimental group consisted of 8 weeks of regular exercise program. The exercise program was prepared as an educational video and provided to parents. Paired sample t-test and ANCOVA test were used with SPSS 23.

RESULTS

62 children with an average age of 9.32 ± 2.02 were studied. Fifty-four and eight% of the children were girls and the rest were boys. The analysis of the variance test showed a significant difference (F = 144.72, P ≤ 0.01) between the average score of the sleep habits of the control group (62.45 ± 5.12) and the experimental group (47.06 ± 4.39).

CONCLUSION

Sleep habits in the experimental group improved after 8 weeks of exercise training using educational videos. Exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment is an effective way to manage diabetes and improve sleep quality in diabetic children.

Genetics of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a complicated disease characterized by a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental variables. It is one of the world's fastest-growing diseases, with 783 million adults expected to be affected by 2045. Devastating macrovascular consequences (cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease) and microvascular complications (like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) increase mortality, blindness, kidney failure, and overall quality of life in individuals with diabetes. Clinical risk factors and glycemic management alone cannot predict the development of vascular problems; multiple genetic investigations have revealed a clear hereditary component to both diabetes and its related complications. In the twenty-first century, technological advancements (genome-wide association studies, next-generation sequencing, and exome-sequencing) have led to the identification of genetic variants associated with diabetes, however, these variants can only explain a small proportion of the total heritability of the condition. In this review, we address some of the likely explanations for this "missing heritability", for diabetes such as the significance of uncommon variants, gene-environment interactions, and epigenetics. Current discoveries clinical value, management of diabetes, and future research directions are also discussed.

Effect of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative damages in diabetes elderly individuals

This study investigated the effect of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly with DM2. A total of 104 elderly were included in the longitudinal clinical study and were attributed to the diabetes group (n = 30) and the non-diabetic group (n = 29). Both groups were involved in the aquatic exercise (nine exercises; 3 sets x 1-minute duration each; linear intensity and frequency measured twice a week) for 12 weeks. The assessments of mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction were done. All results were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks later. The values of the following variable scores decreased in the DM2 group after participation in the aquatic exercise: depression (-56 ± 2 scores; 57%), anxiety (-8.2 ± 2 scores; 41%), stress (-3.1 ± 0.3 scores; 32%), and sleep (-3. 7 ± 1.3 points; 51%); an improvement in Berg scores was observed (+53.1 ± 2 points; 8%), Tug tests (-6.1 ± 0.7 points; 25%), carbonyl groups (-0.048 ± 0.01 nnmol/mg/protein; 49%), and total thiol (+0.33 ± 0.08 nnmol/mg/protein; 83%). We have concluded that a linear intensity aquatic exercise program improves mental health, functional autonomy, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly with DM2.

Mindfulness-Based Movement Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Moderator Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

(1) Background: Given that the most effective dose, optimal type, and most beneficial population for improving sleep with mindfulness-based movement (MBM) remains unknown, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with moderator analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess these effects. (2) Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO) were systematically searched for RCTs published through August 2021 for analysis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with Review Manager 5.3, and the meta-analysis was performed in Stata 16.0. (3) Results: A meta-analysis of 61 RCTs with 2697 participants showed that MBM significantly improved sleep quality compared to controls (SMD = −0.794; 95% CI: −0.794 to −0.994, p < 0.001, I2 = 90.7%). Moderator analysis showed that a long-term MBM (SMD = −0.829; 95% CI: 0.945 to 0.712; p < 0.001) had a larger effect size on sleep than a short-term MBM (SMD = −0.714; 95% CI: 0.784 to 0.644; p < 0.001). Practicing at least twice per week (SMD = −0.793; 95% CI: −0.868 to −0.718; p < 0.001) was more effective compared to practicing once per week (SMD = −0.687; 95% CI: −0.804 to −0.570; p < 0.001). Studies with a total intervention time of more than 24 h also revealed better sleep quality improvement (SMD = −0.759; 95% CI: −0.865 to −0.653; p < 0.001). In addition, the healthy population and older adults gained more from MBM than the patients and younger adults. (4) Conclusions: MBM can effectively improve subjective sleep quality, and the optimal intervention dose of MBM can be utilized in future intervention studies to treat or improve sleep disturbance (MBM more than twice a week for more than three months, with a total intervention time of more than 24 h).

Effect of Short-Term Practice of Left Nostril Breathing on Various Sleep Parameters in the Medical Students

Background

Various recent studies have reported that exclusive right nostril breathing (RNB) and left nostril breathing (LNB) has an immediate and sustained effect under various medical conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of short-term left nostril breathing on various sleep parameters in medical students.

Methods

We hypothesized that the increase in vagal tone because of LNB can help in improving the quality of sleep. The baseline sleep quality was documented before the start of study in the case and the control group using the 'Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index' (PSQI) questionnaire. A PSQI global score of more than 5 indicates poor sleep quality. The case group practiced LNB in a graduated manner for a period of 4 weeks. Thereafter, sleep quality was documented for both the groups using the PSQI questionnaire.

Results

Practicing LNB significantly lowered all the seven component scores (p < 0.05) and the global PSQI score in the case group (p-value < 0.0001), suggesting that this practice effectively improved the sleep quality in the individuals of this group.

Conclusions

Overall, this study suggested that exclusive LNB practice could serve as an important lifestyle modification that can be incorporated in the routine of medical students for improving their sleep quality.

The Effects of Yoga Exercise on Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation of Postpartum Women

Rehabilitation of the pelvic floor after delivery is very important for women. Pelvic floor rehabilitation can speed up the recovery of the postpartum vagina and pelvic floor muscle tension and elasticity and have a good effect on the prevention and treatment of postpartum vaginal prolapse and relaxation, urinary incontinence and other pelvic floor disorders. Thus, this article focuses on yoga exercise to explore its impact on postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation. This article uses electrical stimulation and the treatment of pelvic floor muscles combined with the posture recognition algorithm, the yoga rehabilitation training program that has the best effect on the parturient is obtained, and the yoga myoelectric stimulation combined method and the traditional myoelectric stimulation method are designed for comparison experiments. The experimental results show that the parturients who have undergone the combined method of yoga myoelectric stimulation, in the resting state, contraction state, and Valsalva state, the position of the bladder meridian, the position of the uterus, and the position of the rectal ampulla of the parturient have a significant recovery compared those who have undergone the traditional electromyography treatment. In addition, the average area of hiatus in the pelvic floor ultrasound examination in the control group 42 days postpartum was 12.2605 cm2, while the average area of the hiatus in the pelvic floor ultrasound examination in the experimental group 42 days postpartum was 10.788 cm2; the average area of hiatus in the pelvic floor ultrasound examination in the control group at 3 months postpartum was 11.4805 cm2, and the average area of hiatus in the pelvic floor ultrasound examination in the experimental group at 3 months postpartum was 8.9475 cm2. To sum up, yoga had a very significant improvement on the physical indicators and mental health of postpartum women.

Diabetic yoga protocol improves glycemic, anthropometric and lipid levels in high risk individuals for diabetes: a randomized controlled trial from Northern India

PURPOSE

To study the effectiveness of diabetic yoga protocol (DYP) against management of cardiovascular risk profile in a high-risk community for diabetes, from Chandigarh, India.

METHODS

The study was a randomized controlled trial, conducted as a sub study of the Pan India trial Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharath (NMB). The cohort was identified through the Indian Diabetes Risk Scoring (IDRS) (≥ 60) and a total of 184 individuals were randomized into intervention (n = 91) and control groups (n = 93). The DYP group underwent the specific DYP training whereas the control group followed their daily regimen. The study outcomes included changes in glycemic and lipid profile. Analysis was done under intent-to-treat principle.

RESULTS

The 3 months DYP practice showed diverse results showing glycemic and lipid profile of the high risk individuals. Three months of DYP intervention was found to significantly reduce the levels of post-prandial glucose levels (p = 0.035) and LDL-c levels (p = 0.014) and waist circumference (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The findings indicate that the DYP intervention could improve the metabolic status of the high-diabetes-risk individuals with respect to their glucose tolerance and lipid levels, partially explained by the reduction in abdominal obesity. The study highlights the potential role of yoga intervention in real time improvement of cardiovascular profile in a high diabetes risk cohort.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

CTRI, CTRI/2018/03/012804. Registered 01 March 2018-Retrospectively registered, http://www.ctri.nic.in/ CTRI/2018/03/012804.

Effect of yoga on glycemia and lipid parameters in type-2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

PURPOSE

Prior systematic reviews on yoga and diabetes have given conflicting results. They have been limited by inclusion of uncontrolled unblinded single group observational studies. No reviews are available which have used the Cochrane methodology and GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of yoga on glycaemia and lipids in T2DM using the Cochrane methodology and GRADE approach.

METHODS

Major repositories were searched to pick randomized controlled trials involving T2DM patients receiving yoga. Primary outcome was to evaluate changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate changes in post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Sub-group analysis involving people undergoing structured exercise regimen (SER) versus those undergoing standard diabetes care in controls was done.

RESULTS

Data from 13 studies involving 1440 patients were analysed. Compared to controls, individuals doing yoga had significantly lower FPG [mean difference (MD) -17.22 mg/dl (95% CI: -26.19 - -8.26 mg/dl); p < 0.01; considerable heterogeneity (CH); low certainty of evidence (LCE)], PPG [MD -27.77 mg/dl (95% CI: -35.73 - -19.81 mg/dl); p < 0.01; low heterogeneity; moderate certainty of evidence (MCE)], TC [MD -19.48 mg/dl (95% CI: -31.97 - -6.99 mg/dl); p < 0.01; CH; LCE], triglycerides [MD -12.99 mg/dl (95% CI: -23.74 - -2.25 mg/dl); p < 0.01; CH; LCE], LDL-C [MD -11.71 mg/dl (95% CI: -17.49 - -5.93 mg/dl); p < 0.01; I2 = 69% CH; LCE] and significantly higher HDL-C [MD 4.58 mg/dl (95% CI: 3.98-5.18 mg/dl); p < 0.01; low heterogeneity; MCE]. On sub-group analysis, where yoga was compared to SER, FPG was significantly lower in yoga group.

CONCLUSION

Yoga improves glycaemia and lipid parameters in T2DM with additional benefits seen both in people doing/not doing structured exercise.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00751-0.

Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project

AIMS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 3 months. Anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and after follow up.

RESULTS

There was a significant reduction in BMI, blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid levels, IL6, TNFα and TBARS in Yoga group as compared to non-Yoga group. There was marked improvement in the levels of Adiponectin, PTGIS and sleep quality among subjects practising yogasanas.

CONCLUSION

Regular practice of yogasanas improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Hence, Yogasanas can be used as an adjuvant therapy for managing type 2 diabetes.

The effects of yoga on dyspnea, sleep and fatigue in chronic respiratory diseases

PURPOSE

This study was carried out to find out the effects of yoga applied to chronic respiratory disease patients on dyspnea, sleep quality and fatigue.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The study was conducted between May and August 2020 as a randomized controlled study. 'Personal Information Form', 'Respiratory Functions Monitoring Form', 'COPD and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS), "Asthma and COPD Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS)" and Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) were used in data collection.

RESULTS

When the post-test mean scores of the patients in the experimental and control group were compared, it was found that CAFS, CASIS and mMRC mean scores of the patients in the experimental group decreased positively compared to the patients in the control group and the difference between was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Yoga has been found to reduce the severity of dyspnea and fatigue and improve sleep quality in chronic respiratory diseases.

Effects of six weeks high-intensity interval training and resistance training in adults with obesity and sleep related breathing disorders

Introduction

The effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) in adults with obesity and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) is limited.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effects of HIIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in adults with obesity and SRBDs.

Material and Methods

This study was a pre- and post-test design. Seventeen adults with obesity and SRBDs were recruited into the study. They received 24 minutes of HIIT and 30 minutes of RT, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. The Epworth sleepiness scale (daytime sleepiness), Berlin questionnaire (snoring and daytime sleepiness category), estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max), muscle strength using 1-repetition maximum, anthropometric variables, and blood biomarkers were examined at baseline and after 6 weeks of training.

Results

The Epworth sleepiness scale, Berlin questionnaire (daytime sleepiness category), and the number of risks associated with sleep apnea using the Berlin questionnaire were significantly decreased after 6 weeks of training (all p<0.01). The estimated VO₂max and muscle strength were significantly increased at Week 6 (all p<0.05). Body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and hip circumference were significantly decreased at Week 6 (all p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in blood biomarkers, except for fasting blood glucose (p<0.01).

Conclusion

Six weeks of HIIT combined with RT has beneficial effects on subjective sleep disorders, estimated VO₂max, muscle strength, and most anthropometric variables in adults with obesity and SRBDs.

The effect of yoga on sleep quality and insomnia in women with sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

To examine the effectiveness and safety of yoga of women with sleep problems by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

Medline/PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched throughout the month of June, 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga groups with control groups in women with sleep problems were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated risk of bias by using the risk of bias tool suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration for programming and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The main outcome measure was sleep quality or the severity of insomnia, which was measured using subjective instruments, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), or objective instruments such as polysomnography, actigraphy, and safety of the intervention. For each outcome, a standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were determined.

RESULTS

Nineteen studies in this systematic review included 1832 participants. The meta-analysis of the combined data conducted according to Comprehensive Meta-Analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep (SMD = - 0.327, 95% CI = - 0.506 to - 0.148, P < 0.001). Meta-analyses revealed positive effects of yoga using PSQI scores in 16 randomized control trials (RCTs), compared with the control group in improving sleep quality among women using PSQI (SMD = - 0.54; 95% CI = - 0.89 to - 0.19; P = 0.003). However, three RCTs revealed no effects of yoga compared to the control group in reducing insomnia among women using ISI (SMD = - 0.13; 95% CI = - 0.74 to 0.48; P = 0.69). Seven RCTs revealed no evidence for effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving sleep quality for women with breast cancer using PSQI (SMD = - 0.15; 95% CI = - 0.31 to 0.01; P = 0.5). Four RCTs revealed no evidence for the effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving the sleep quality for peri/postmenopausal women using PSQI (SMD = - 0.31; 95% CI = - 0.95 to 0.33; P = 0.34). Yoga was not associated with any serious adverse events.

DISCUSSION

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that yoga intervention in women can be beneficial when compared to non-active control conditions in term of managing sleep problems. The moderator analyses suggest that participants in the non-breast cancer subgroup and participants in the non-peri/postmenopausal subgroup were associated with greater benefits, with a direct correlation of total class time with quality of sleep among other related benefits.

"Mind" in Betel-quid Use and Related Disorders

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a unique predisposing state called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Wide variety of carcinogenic insult in the form of detrimental habits can contribute to the causation of variety of OPMDs.1,2.