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Zamparoni Victorino SV, Oliveira FS, Marques VD, Pujals C, Bitencourt MR, Alarcão ACJ, Santos TS, Silva MTD, Pelloso FC, Salvarani WS, Egger PA, Barbanti PCM, Santos LD, Romani I, Borghesan DHP, Santos DAMD, Pelloso SM, Pedroso RB, Barros Carvalho MDD. A look through Latin America truck drivers' health, a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36593472 PMCID: PMC9809045 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy truck drivers represent a social group of great importance to any country's economy. Their professional activity requires a high level of dedication. Due to the irregular hours in their work routine and adopted habits, they mostly predispose them to a diversity of health problems. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to identify the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in Latin American Truck Drivers. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS databases, for scientific publications articles, as reported by The PRISMA Statement. From 1,382, 7 studies were included according to the established criteria. The hypertension prevalence found was 34.2%, diabetes was of 9.2% and the highest prevalence found was for overweight and obesity (56%). Meta-analysis presented that drivers have a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity when compared to eutrophic individuals and that drivers with diabetes and hyperglycemia have a lower prevalence. Due to their work activity, their access to the health system is compromised limiting any type of monitoring of their health. This study showed that there is, in Latin America, an investment and assistance gap, both in the health sector and in the research section, for this professional category, which is so important to the economy of these countries. These data should help to identify the difficulties faced by this professional in health assistance, road safety, public safety, leisure and social life. This research also highlighted that they are young and already have the first sign of non-transmissible chronic diseases, which is overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Veridiana Zamparoni Victorino
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Oliveira
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Vlaudimir Dias Marques
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil ,grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Regional University Hospital of Maringa, Maringa State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Constanza Pujals
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Mariá Romanio Bitencourt
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Thais Silva Santos
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Patophysiology, Maringa State University, Maringá, Paraná Brasil
| | - Mariana Teixeira da Silva
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Sebastião Salvarani
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Paulo Acácio Egger
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Patrícia Costa Mincoff Barbanti
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Lander dos Santos
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Isaac Romani
- UNINGÁ- Ingá University Central, Maringá, Paraná Brasil
| | | | - Daniel Augusto Message dos Santos
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Sandra Marisa Pelloso
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Raíssa Bocchi Pedroso
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
| | - Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Health Science Center, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Bloco 126. Jd. Universitário - CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Brazil
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Aitken SC, Lalla-Edward ST, Kummerow M, Tenzer S, Harris BN, Venter WDF, Vos AG. A Retrospective Medical Record Review to Describe Health Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Bus Drivers in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15890. [PMID: 36497962 PMCID: PMC9738262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. The occupational challenges of bus drivers may increase their risk of CVD, including developing obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We evaluated the medical records of 266 bus drivers visiting an occupational medical practice between 2007 and 2017 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the health status of bus drivers and investigate risk factors for CVD, and their impact on the ability to work. The participants were in majority male (99.3%) with a median age of 41.2 years (IQR 35.2); 23.7% were smokers, and 27.1% consumed alcohol. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 m/kg2 (IQR 7.1), with 63.1% of participants having above normal BMI. Smoking, BMI, and hypertension findings were in line with national South African data, but diabetes prevalence was far lower. Undiagnosed hypertension was found in 9.4% of participants, uncontrolled hypertension in 5.6%, and diabetes in 3.0%. Analysis by BMI category found that obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension was the main reason for being deemed 'unfit to work' (35.3%). Our research highlights the need for more regular screening for hypertension and interventions to address high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Aitken
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Maren Kummerow
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Tenzer
- Farraday Medical Centre, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Bernice N. Harris
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - W. D. Francois Venter
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Alinda G. Vos
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fernandes IL, Guimarães RA, Lucchese R, Vera I, de Brito RP, Ramos CB, Marinho TA, Nunes PS, Diniz-Pinto HS, Amorim TA. Epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in truck drivers. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:108. [PMID: 36629700 PMCID: PMC9749732 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in a sample of truck drivers in Brazil. METHODS Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 624 truck drivers who operate on the BR-050 highway in Brazil. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, mental health, behavioral data, and tobacco use. Then, the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to verify nicotine dependence in smoking truck drivers. Logistic regression and linear regression were also used to verify factors associated with tobacco use in the previous 30 days and nicotine dependence scores, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use among truck drivers was 21.1% (n = 132;95%CI: 18.1-24.5). Of the total number of smokers who responded to the FTND (n = 118; 89.4%), most had high/very high nicotinic dependence (68.6%; 95%CI: 59.8-76.3). Tobacco use was associated with absence of religion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.60; 95%CI: 1.35-5.01), employment relationship of the contract (AOR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.26-3.13); > 12 hours daily working time (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.09-2.98) and alcohol use in the previous 30 days (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.86-4.57). Irregular physical activity was associated with higher scores of nicotine dependence (β = 1.87; 95%CI: 0.55-3.19). CONCLUSION The results showed a high prevalence of tobacco use and high/very high nicotine dependence among the truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaina Lara Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de GoiásFaculdade de EnfermagemGoiâniaGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás. Faculdade de Enfermagem. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil,Universidade Federal de GoiásInstituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde PúblicaGoiâniaGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Roselma Lucchese
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Ivânia Vera
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Rodolfo Pereira de Brito
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Camila Borges Ramos
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Tamíris Augusto Marinho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de GoiásGoiâniaGoiásBrasilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Silva Nunes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de GoiásGoiâniaGoiásBrasilInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás. Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Henrique Senna Diniz-Pinto
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Thiago Aquino Amorim
- Universidade Federal de CatalãoInstituto de BiotecnologiaCatalãoGoiásBrasilUniversidade Federal de Catalão. Instituto de Biotecnologia. Catalão, Goiás, Brasil
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Pereira MM, Mansur ADP, Takada JY, Leyton V. Demographic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Drug Use in Truck Drivers in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094927. [PMID: 34066305 PMCID: PMC8124373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the association between risk factors for the health of truck drivers and previous use of illicit drugs. A cross-sectional study examined the data from 2071 truck drivers between 2010 and 2016. Demographic variables, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the use of illicit drugs were analyzed. The stepwise logistic regression model was used for the adjusted analysis. The dependent variable was the previous use of illicit drugs, and independent variables were those with p < 0.1 at a bivariate analysis. The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the previous use of illicit drugs was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p < 0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p < 0.001). The independent variables for illicit drugs were age (OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95; p < 0.001)), smoking (OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39-3.44; p = 0.001)), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06-2.49; p = 0.026)) and driving hours per day (OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.15; p = 0.012)). Users of illicit drugs had multiple risk factors for CVD and traffic accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moura Pereira
- Oscar Freire Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05405-150, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonio de Padua Mansur
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-98536-3040
| | - Julio Yoshio Takada
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Oscar Freire Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05405-150, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (V.L.)
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Showande SJ, Odukoya IO. Prevalence and clusters of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among intra-city commercial motor vehicle drivers in a Nigerian metropolitan city. Ghana Med J 2021; 54:100-109. [PMID: 33536680 PMCID: PMC7829044 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial motor vehicle drivers (CMVDs) have worst health profiles among different occupations, yet the presence of clusters of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in this group have not been described in a resource-limited setting. Objectives The prevalence of CVD risk factors and the clusters among CMVDs was evaluated. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Four motor parks in three local government areas of Ibadan city, Nigeria. Participants Consented and conveniently sampled 152 intra-city CMVDs aged ≥ 18 years. Main outcome measures Prevalence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride, low HDLc, high waist-hip ratio, central obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol, and overweight/obesity) and their clusters were determined. Results All participants were male from 20 – 77 years old. Most of the CMVDs were physically inactive (80, 52.6%), take alcohol (78, 51.3%), and few smokes (35, 12.4%). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and central obesity were 36.2%, 5.9%, 23.7%, 4.6%, and 5.3%, respectively. Four clusters of CVD risk factors in the CMVDs with the prevalence of 36.2%. 33.5%, 17.1% and 13.2% were identified with significant differences (p<0.05) in the risk factors. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes, obesity, central obesity, and smoking was low while the prevalence of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia was moderate among the CMVDs, but the prevalence of alcohol intake and physical inactivity were high. Four distinct clusters of CVD risk factors were observed among the drivers. Funding The study was self-funded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun J Showande
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ibimolade O Odukoya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Guest AJ, Chen YL, Pearson N, King JA, Paine NJ, Clemes SA. Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038993. [PMID: 33099498 PMCID: PMC7590350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle health behaviours and mental health status of truck drivers globally to ascertain the scale of these health concerns. DESIGN Systematic review reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched in January 2019 and updated in January 2020, from the date of inception to 16 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Papers were included if they (1) reported independent data on truck drivers, (2) included quantitative data on outcomes related to cardiometabolic markers of health, mental health and/or health behaviours, (3) were written in English and (4) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Grey literature was ineligible for this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS One reviewer independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using a checklist based on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tool. 20% were independently assessed for eligibility and quality by a second reviewer. Due to heterogeneity of the outcomes, results were narratively presented. RESULTS 3601 titles and abstracts were screened. Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Truck driving is associated with enforced sedentarism, long and irregular working hours, lack of healthy foods, social isolation and chronic time pressures. Strong evidence was observed for truck drivers to generally exhibit poor cardiometabolic risk profiles including overweight and obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood glucose, poor mental health and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Improving truck driver health is vital for the longevity of the trucking industry, and for the safety of all road users. The workplace plays a vital role in truck driver health; policies, regulations and procedures are required to address this health crisis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019124499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Guest
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Krishnamoorthy Y, Sarveswaran G, Sakthivel M. Prevalence of hypertension among professional drivers: Evidence from 2000 to 2017-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:81-89. [PMID: 32134003 PMCID: PMC7239404 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_297_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature deaths worldwide. Drivers have an additional risk of hypertension when compared to the general population because of the nature of their profession. Hence, the current review was done to estimate the global burden of hypertension among professional drivers. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for articles on the prevalence of hypertension among drivers published from 2000 to 2017 in Medline and Embase. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model and pooled prevalence of hypertension was reported. Heterogeneity was assessed using the likelihood ratio (LR) test and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results: In total, 26 studies with 15,702 drivers were included. The pooled prevalence of hypertension among the drivers worldwide was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27–40%). World Health Organization (WHO) region-wise estimates showed that prevalence was highest among the drivers in the Western Pacific region (56%) and lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean and African region (21%). Studies showed significant evidence of heterogeneity (Χ2 = 1816.1, P < 0.001) but there was no significant publication bias (P = 0.967). Conclusion: More than one-third of drivers have hypertension globally which is in excess of the general population. Hence, more focus needs to be given for allocating resources and developing workplace interventions for prevention and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - G Sarveswaran
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - M Sakthivel
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Lifestyle Characteristics by Business Type among Japanese Workers in Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises. Keio J Med 2019; 68:54-67. [PMID: 30555114 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2018-0007-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of business type with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lifestyle characteristics among workers in small- and medium-sized enterprises. In total, data from 167,736 workers (114,746 men and 52,990 women) who participated in health checkups in 2013 were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models. The odds ratios (ORs) of having MetS, defined based on the criteria of the joint interim statement, were significantly higher in employees of transportation businesses (reference OR =1) than in other business types among men (OR: 0.67-0.85) and similar result was observed among women (OR: 0.70-0.88). The prevalence of a smoking habit was significantly higher in transportation workers than in employees of other businesses for both men and women. Furthermore, male transportation workers were more likely to skip breakfast, engage in <1 h/day of walking, walk at a slower speed, and eat dinner just before going to bed. Female transportation workers were more likely to have gained 10 kg since the age of 20 years. In conclusion, the prevalence of MetS was higher in transportation workers than in workers from other businesses; the associated risk factors may also vary by sex. To effectively promote public health, the labor environment, such as the business type, should be considered.
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DINI G, BRAGAZZI N, MONTECUCCO A, RAHMANI A, DURANDO P. Psychoactive drug consumption among truck-drivers: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis and meta-regression. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E124-E139. [PMID: 31312742 PMCID: PMC6614564 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.2.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the extent of psychoactive drug consumption in the occupational setting. The trucking sector, in particular, is an important cause for concern, since psychoactive substance use has a relevant impact on the drivers' health and safety, increasing the risk of injuries and traffic accidents, potentially affecting the general public health as well. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was performed in order to provide Occupational Health Professionals and policy-makers with an updated epidemiological perspective regarding this important issue. The results showed a prevalence of overall drug consumption of 27.6% [95%CI 17.8-40.1], particularly high considering illicit CNS-stimulants (amphetamine consumption of 21.3% [95%CI 15.7-28.1], and cocaine consumption of 2.2% [95%CI 1.2-4.1]). It appears that truck-drivers choose stimulant substances as a form of performance enhancing drug, in order to increase productivity. However, chronic and high dose consumption has been shown to decrease driving skills, placing these professional drivers at risk for health and road safety. Further research is required, particularly in Europe, in order to fill the knowledge gap and improve the strength of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. DINI
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - N.L. BRAGAZZI
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute (DISSAL), Università degli Studi di Genova, l.go R. Benzi 10 (Padiglione 3), 16132 Genova, Italy - E-mail:
| | - A. MONTECUCCO
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. RAHMANI
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. DURANDO
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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Useche SA, Cendales B, Montoro L, Esteban C. Work stress and health problems of professional drivers: a hazardous formula for their safety outcomes. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6249. [PMID: 30595994 PMCID: PMC6304262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several empirical studies have shown that professional drivers are a vulnerable occupational group, usually exposed to environmental stressors and adverse work conditions. Furthermore, recent studies have associated work-related stress with negative job performances and adverse health outcomes within this occupational group, including cardiovascular diseases and unsafe vehicle operation. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the working conditions and the health status of this occupational group, and to evaluate the association between the Demand-Control model of job stress and their self-reported health and safety outcomes. Methods A pooled sample of 3,665 Colombian professional drivers was drawn from five different studies. The Job Content Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire were used to measure work stress and self-reported mental health, respectively. Additionally, professional drivers self-reported health problems (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and overweight) and health-related risky behaviors (smoking and sedentary behavior). Results Regarding the Job Demands-Control (JDC) model, it was found that approximately a third part of Colombian professional drivers suffer from high job strain (29.1%). Correlational and multivariate analyses suggest that de JDC model of stress is associated with the professional drivers' mental health, traffic accidents and fines, but not with other physical and behavioral health-related outcomes, which are highly prevalent among this occupational group, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, overweight, smoking and sedentary behavior. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that (a) stressful working conditions are associated with health and lifestyle-related outcomes among professional drivers, and (b) that evidence-based interventions are needed in order to reduce hazardous working conditions, job stress rates and their negative impact on the health of this occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Useche
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Boris Cendales
- Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Montoro
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteban
- INTRAS (University Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Hege A, Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Sönmez S. Occupational health disparities among U.S. long-haul truck drivers: the influence of work organization and sleep on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207322. [PMID: 30439996 PMCID: PMC6237367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The organization of work has undergone vast transformations over the past four decades in the United States and has had profound impacts on worker health and wellbeing. The profession of commercial truck driving is one of the best examples. Particularly for long-haul truck drivers, changes in work organization have led to disproportionately poor physiological, psychological, and sleep health outcomes. METHODS The present study examined disparities in cardiometabolic disease risk among long-haul truck drivers and the general population, and the influence of work organization and sleep in generating these outcomes. Researchers collected survey data from 260 drivers, and blood assay samples from 115 of those drivers, at a large highway truck stop in North Carolina. Comparisons were made for cardiovascular and metabolic risk against the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In addition, logistic regression was used to explore predictive relationships between work organization and sleep and risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. RESULTS There were statistically significant mean differences between the long-haul truck driver sample and the NHANES sample for both cardiovascular (3.71 vs. 3.10; p <0.001) and metabolic (4.31 vs. 3.09; p <0.001) disease risk. The truck driver sample was less physically active and had lower HDL cholesterol along with greater levels of smoking, BMI, and metabolic syndrome diagnosis. More years of driving experience and poor sleep quality were statistically significant predictors for both cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. CONCLUSIONS Study findings implicate elements of the occupational milieu experienced by long-haul truck drivers that induce disproportionate cardiometabolic disease risk. Sleep quality, largely compromised by poor work conditions and workplace environments, plays a significant role in increased risks for cardiometabolic disease. There is an urgent need for longitudinal studies of this critical occupational sector as well as intervention research centered on policy and systems level change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hege
- Appalachian State University, Department of Health & Exercise Science, Boone, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Lemke
- University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- University of Central Florida, College of Business Administration, Orlando, FL, United States of America
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Patterns of Harmful Alcohol Consumption among Truck Drivers: Implications for Occupational Health and Work Safety from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061121. [PMID: 29849007 PMCID: PMC6025607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the main causes of productivity losses arising from absenteeism, presenteeism, and workplace injuries. Among occupational categories most affected by the use of this substance, truck drivers are subject to risk factors and risky behaviors that can have a serious impact on their health, their work, and the general road safety. The use of alcohol during truck-driving activities is, indeed, an important risk factor for traffic accidents. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at synthesizing the literature regarding harmful alcohol consumption patterns among truck drivers in a rigorous way. A ‘binge drinking’ prevalence of 19.0%, 95% confidence interval or CI (13.1, 26.9) was present. An ‘everyday drinking’ pattern rate of 9.4%, 95% CI (7.0, 12.4) was found, while the rate of alcohol misuse according to the “Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test” (AUDIT)—“Cut down-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye opener questionnaire” (CAGE) instruments was computed to be of 22.7%, 95% CI (14.8, 33.0). No evidence of publication bias could be found. However, there is the need to improve the quality of published research, utilizing standardized reliable instruments. The knowledge of these epidemiological data can be useful for decision makers in order to develop, design, and implement ad hoc adequate policies.
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Gilson ND, Pavey TG, Wright OR, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Gomersall S, Trost SG, Brown WJ. The impact of an m-Health financial incentives program on the physical activity and diet of Australian truck drivers. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:467. [PMID: 28521767 PMCID: PMC5437648 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases are high in truck drivers and have been linked to work routines that promote inactivity and poor diets. This feasibility study examined the extent to which an m-Health financial incentives program facilitated physical activity and healthy dietary choices in Australian truck drivers. Methods Nineteen men (mean [SD] age = 47.5 [9.8] years; BMI = 31.2 [4.6] kg/m2) completed the 20-week program, and used an activity tracker and smartphone application (Jawbone UP™) to regulate small positive changes in occupational physical activity, and fruit, vegetable, saturated fat and processed/refined sugar food/beverage choices. Measures (baseline, end-program, 2-months follow-up; April–December 2014) were accelerometer-determined proportions of work time spent physically active, and a workday dietary questionnaire. Statistical (repeated measures ANOVA) and thematic (interviews) analyses assessed program impact. Results Non-significant increases in the mean proportions of work time spent physically active were found at end-program and follow-up (+1%; 7 mins/day). Fruit (p = 0.023) and vegetable (p = 0.024) consumption significantly increased by one serve/day at end-program. Non-significant improvements in saturated fat (5%) and processed/refined sugar (1%) food/beverage choices were found at end-program and follow-up. Overall, 65% (n = 11) of drivers demonstrated positive changes in physical activity, and at least one dietary choice (e.g. saturated fat) at follow-up. Drivers found the financial incentives component of the program to be a less effective facilitator of change than the activity tracker and smartphone application, although this technology was easier to use for monitoring of physical activity than healthy dietary choices. Conclusions Not all drivers benefitted from the program. However, positive changes for different health behaviours were observed in the majority of participants. Outcomes from this feasibility study inform future intervention development for studies with larger samples. Trial registration ANZCTR12616001513404. Registered November 2nd, 2016 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Gilson
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Toby G Pavey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Olivia Rl Wright
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, School for Health, Medical and Social Science, Rockhampton, Australia.
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sjaan Gomersall
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
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