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Ba L, E M, Wang R, Wu N, Wang R, Liu R, Feng X, Qi H, Sun H, Qiao G. Triptolide attenuates cardiac remodeling by inhibiting pyroptosis and EndMT via modulating USP14/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24010. [PMID: 38293551 PMCID: PMC10825440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac remodeling is a common pathological feature in many cardiac diseases, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Triptolide (TP) is a natural compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. However, the related mechanism of it in cardiac remodeling has not been fully understood. Methods and results Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophic mouse model and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophic model were performed. Firstly, the results indicate that TP can improve cardiac function, decreased cardiomyocyte surface area and fibrosis area, as well as lowered the protein expressions of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-major histocompatibility complex (β-MHC), type I and III collagen (Col I and III). Secondly, TP suppressed cardiac pyroptosis, and decreased the levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-18 (IL-18) by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and pyroptosis-associated proteins. Furthermore, TP enhanced the expressions of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Interestingly, when Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA, TP lost its properties of reducing pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, in the Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) model, TP was found to inhibit the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), characterized by the loss of endothelial-specific markers and the gain of mesenchymal markers. This was accompanied by a suppression of Slug, Snail, and Twist expression. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of TP on EndMT was weakened when Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA. Lastly, potential targets of TP were identified through network pharmacology analysis, and found that Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 14 (USP14) was one of them. Simultaneously, the data indicated that decrease the upregulation of USP14 and Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) caused by cardiac remodeling. However, Keap1 was decreased and Nrf2 was increased when USP14 was silenced. Furthermore, CoIP analysis showed that USP14 directly interacts with Keap1. Conclusion TP can observably reduce pyroptosis and EndMT by targeting the USP14/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, thereby significantly attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Renling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Guofen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Wei B, Sun C, Wan H, Shou Q, Han B, Sheng M, Li L, Kai G. Bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116697. [PMID: 37295577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is an outstanding herbal medicine with various traditional effects, especially promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. It has been widely used for centuries to treat blood stasis syndrome (BSS)-related diseases. BSS is one of the basic pathological syndromes of diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in traditional East Asian medicine, which is characterized by disturbance of blood circulation. However, the bioactive components and mechanisms of SM in the treatment of BSS have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this article outlines the anti-BSS effects of bioactive components of SM, concentrating on the molecular mechanisms. AIM OF THE REVIEW To summarize the bioactive components of SM against BSS and highlight its potential targets and signaling pathways, hoping to provide a modern biomedical perspective to understand the efficacy of SM on enhancing blood circulation to remove blood stasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to retrieve articles published in the last two decades on bioactive components of SM used for BSS treatment from the online electronic medical literature database (PubMed). RESULTS Phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM are the main bioactive components in the treatment of BSS, including but not limited to salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid A, cryptotanshinone, Danshensu, dihydrotanshinone, rosmarinic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and caffeic acid. They protect vascular endothelial cells by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and regulating of NO/ET-1 levels. They also enhance anticoagulant and fibrinolytic capacity, inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, and dilate blood vessels. Moreover, lowering blood lipids and improving blood rheological properties may be the underlying mechanisms of their anti-BSS. More notably, these compounds play an anti-BSS role by mediating multiple signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), and Ca2+/K+ channels. CONCLUSIONS Both phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM may act synergistically to target different signaling pathways to achieve the effect of promoting blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Wei
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Chengtao Sun
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Bing Han
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Liqing Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 31300, PR China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
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3
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Gong D, Yuan T, Wang R, Sun S, Dawuti A, Wang S, Du G, Fang L. Network pharmacology approach and experimental verification of Dan-Shen Decoction in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:69-79. [PMID: 36546685 PMCID: PMC9793910 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2152059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dan-Shen Decoction, which is composed of Danshen, Tanxiang and Sharen, has a good therapeutic effect on ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, systematic research on the exact mechanism of action of Dan-Shen Decoction is still lacking. The anti-IHD effect of Dan-Shen Decoction was examined in this study using a systematic pharmacological method. OBJECTIVE This study validates the efficacy and explores the potential mechanisms of Dan-Shen Decoction in treating IHD by integrating network pharmacology analyses and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active components, critical targets and potential mechanisms of Dan-Shen Decoction against IHD were predicted by network pharmacology and molecule docking. H9c2 cells were pretreated with various 1 µg/mL Dan-Shen Decoction for 2 h before induction with 1000 µmol/L CoCl2 for 24 h. The cell viability was detected by CCK8, and protein expression was detected by western blots. RESULTS The network pharmacology approach successfully identified 69 active components in Dan-Shen Decoction, and 122 potential targets involved in the treatment of IHD. The in vitro experiments indicate that the anti-IHD effect of Dan-Shen Decoction may be closely associated with targets such as AKT1 and MAPK1, as well as biological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammatory response, and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides new insights into the mechanism of Dan-Shen Decoction against IHD, but also provides important information and new research ideas for the discovery of anti-IHD compounds from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Awaguli Dawuti
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fang Q, Bai Y, Hu S, Ding J, Liu L, Dai M, Qiu J, Wu L, Rao X, Wang Y. Unleashing the Potential of Nrf2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1978. [PMID: 38001831 PMCID: PMC10669195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, characterized by the thickening of all three layers of the blood vessel wall, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Despite the approval of several drugs for PH treatment, their long-term therapeutic effect remains unsatisfactory, as they mainly focus on vasodilation rather than addressing vascular remodeling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of PH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant defense and emerges as a novel regulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Growing evidence has suggested an involvement of Nrf2 and its downstream transcriptional target in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pharmacologically targeting Nrf2 has demonstrated beneficial effects in various diseases, and several Nrf2 inducers are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, the exact potential and mechanism of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target in PH remain unknown. Thus, this review article aims to comprehensively explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PH. Additionally, we provide a summary of Nrf2 inducers that have shown therapeutic potential in addressing the underlying vascular remodeling processes in PH. Although Nrf2-related therapies hold great promise, further research is necessary before their clinical implementation can be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiyan Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.F.); (Y.B.); (S.H.); (J.D.); (L.L.); (M.D.); (J.Q.); (L.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Gan J, Yu B, Lu B, Jiang X. Melatonin as a therapeutic agent for alleviating endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: Emphasis on oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115475. [PMID: 37722190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is vital in maintaining cardiovascular health by regulating vascular permeability and tone, preventing thrombosis, and controlling vascular inflammation. However, when oxidative stress triggers endothelial dysfunction, it can lead to chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This happens due to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and reduced levels of nitric oxide. These factors cause damage to endothelial cells, leading to the acceleration of CVD progression. Melatonin, a natural antioxidant, has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and stabilize endothelial function, providing cardiovascular protection. The clinical application of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of CVDs has received widespread attention. In this review, based on bibliometric studies, we first discussed the relationship between oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and CVDs, then summarized the role of melatonin in the treatment of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other CVDs. Finally, the potential clinical use of melatonin in the treatment of these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Chavkin NW, Vippa T, Jung C, McDonnell S, Hirschi KK, Gokce N, Walsh K. Obesity accelerates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in adipose tissues of mice and humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264479. [PMID: 37795485 PMCID: PMC10546194 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation are characteristics of obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. Proinflammatory cytokines can drive an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), where endothelial cells undergo a phenotypic switch to mesenchymal-like cells that are pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic. In this study, we sought to determine whether obesity can promote EndoMT in adipose tissue. Methods Mice in which endothelial cells are lineage-traced with eYFP were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) or Control diet for 13, 26, and 52 weeks, and EndoMT was assessed in adipose tissue depots as percentage of CD45-CD31-Acta2+ mesenchymal-like cells that were eYFP +. EndoMT was also assessed in human adipose endothelial cells through cell culture assays and by the analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets obtained from the visceral adipose tissues of obese individuals. Results Quantification by flow cytometry showed that mice fed a HF/HS diet display a time-dependent increase in EndoMT over Control diet in subcutaneous adipose tissue (+3.0%, +2.6-fold at 13 weeks; +10.6%, +3.2-fold at 26 weeks; +11.8%, +2.9-fold at 52 weeks) and visceral adipose tissue (+5.5%, +2.3-fold at 13 weeks; +20.7%, +4.3-fold at 26 weeks; +25.7%, +4.8-fold at 52 weeks). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that EndoMT cells in visceral adipose tissue have enriched expression of genes associated with inflammatory and TGFβ signaling pathways. Human adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells cultured with TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α exhibited a similar upregulation of EndoMT markers and induction of inflammatory response pathways. Analysis of single cell RNA sequencing datasets from visceral adipose tissue of obese patients revealed a nascent EndoMT sub-cluster of endothelial cells with reduced PECAM1 and increased ACTA2 expression, which was also enriched for inflammatory signaling genes and other genes associated with EndoMT. Discussion These experimental and clinical findings show that chronic obesity can accelerate EndoMT in adipose tissue. We speculate that EndoMT is a feature of adipose tissue dysfunction that contributes to local inflammation and the systemic metabolic effects of obesity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Chavkin
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tanvi Vippa
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Changhee Jung
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Hematovascular Biology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Yun E, Kwon BS, Kim J, Lee A. Ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:159-170. [PMID: 37554358 PMCID: PMC10405771 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2244549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and chronic lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibroblast proliferation. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) serves as a source of fibroblasts and contributes to PF progression. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a steroidal saponin extracted from ginseng, is known to have pharmacological effects on vascular diseases. We have previously demonstrated that Rg3 inhibits EndMT and prevents endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that Rg3 may be a potential therapeutic agent for PF-targeting EndMT. EndMT occurs in the lung tissue of a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model, which was confirmed by co-staining of endothelial and mesenchymal markers in the pulmonary vasculature and changes in the expression of these markers. Rg3 administration decreased EndMT and suppressed PF development. We also examined the effect of Rg3 in an in vitro EndMT model induced by co-treatment with TGF-β2 and IL-1β. Rg3 treatment alleviated the characteristics of EndMT such as spindle-shaped morphological changes, EndMT marker expression changes, Dil-Ac-LDL uptake and migratory properties. In addition, we demonstrated the mechanism by which Rg3 inhibits EndMT by regulating the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Collectively, Rg3 can be a potential therapeutic agent for PF using the EndMT inhibition strategy, furthermore, it can be considered Rg3 as a therapeutic candidate for various EndMT-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Su Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
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Zeng Z, Wang X, Cui L, Wang H, Guo J, Chen Y. Natural Products for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanism, Progress, and Future Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2351-2371. [PMID: 36975522 PMCID: PMC10047369 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease due to the remodeling of pulmonary vessels. Its pathophysiological characteristics include increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and death. The pathological mechanism of PH is complex and includes inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction/diastolic imbalance, genetic factors, and ion channel abnormalities. Currently, many clinical drugs for the treatment of PH mainly play their role by relaxing pulmonary arteries, and the treatment effect is limited. Recent studies have shown that various natural products have unique therapeutic advantages for PH with complex pathological mechanisms owing to their multitarget characteristics and low toxicity. This review summarizes the main natural products and their pharmacological mechanisms in PH treatment to provide a useful reference for future research and development of new anti-PH drugs and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuomei Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lidan Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
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Perrelli A, Ferraris C, Berni E, Glading AJ, Retta SF. KRIT1: A Traffic Warden at the Busy Crossroads Between Redox Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:496-528. [PMID: 36047808 PMCID: PMC10039281 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped 1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Its loss-of-function has been unequivocally associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by defective endothelial cell-cell adhesion and ensuing structural alterations and hyperpermeability in brain capillaries. KRIT1 contributes to the maintenance of endothelial barrier function by stabilizing the integrity of adherens junctions and inhibiting the formation of actin stress fibers. Recent Advances: Among the multiple regulatory mechanisms proposed so far, significant evidence accumulated over the past decade has clearly shown that the role of KRIT1 in the stability of endothelial barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, is largely based on its involvement in the complex machinery governing cellular redox homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. KRIT1 loss-of-function has, indeed, been demonstrated to cause an impairment of major redox-sensitive mechanisms involved in spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesion and signaling, which ultimately leads to decreased cell-cell junction stability and enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and inflammation. Critical Issues: This review explores the redox mechanisms that influence endothelial cell adhesion and barrier function, focusing on the role of KRIT1 in such mechanisms. We propose that this supports a novel model wherein redox signaling forms the common link between the various pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches hitherto associated with CCM disease. Future Directions: A comprehensive characterization of the role of KRIT1 in redox control of endothelial barrier physiology and defense against oxy-inflammatory insults will provide valuable insights into the development of precision medicine strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 496-528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Berni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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10
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Abstract
The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Over the last two decades and as a process intimately related to EC dysfunction, an increasing number of studies have also implicated endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a potentially disease-causal pathobiologic process that is involved in a multitude of differing CVDs. However, EndMT is also involved in physiologic processes (e.g., cardiac development), and transient EndMT may contribute to vascular regeneration in certain contexts. Given that EndMT involves a major alteration in the EC-specific molecular program, and that it potentially contributes to CVD pathobiology, the clinical translation opportunities are significant, but further molecular and translational research is needed to see these opportunities realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Chen D, Zhang HF, Yuan TY, Sun SC, Wang RR, Wang SB, Fang LH, Lyu Y, Du GH. Puerarin-V prevents the progression of hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rodent models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2325-2339. [PMID: 35190697 PMCID: PMC9433387 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. One of the initial pathogenic factors of PH is pulmonary arterial remodeling under various stimuli. Current marketed drugs against PH mainly relieve symptoms without significant improvement in overall prognosis. Discovering and developing new therapeutic drugs that interfere with vascular remodeling is in urgent need. Puerarin is an isoflavone compound extracted from the root of Kudzu vine, which is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of puerarin in the treatment of experimental PH. PH was induced in rats by a single injection of MCT (50 mg/kg, sc), and in mice by exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) for 14 days. After MCT injection the rats were administered puerarin (10, 30, 100 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.g.) for 28 days, whereas hypoxia-treated mice were pre-administered puerarin (60 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.g.) for 7 days. We showed that puerarin administration exerted significant protective effects in both experimental PH rodent models, evidenced by significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and lung injury, improved pulmonary artery blood flow as well as pulmonary vasodilation and contraction function, inhibited inflammatory responses in lung tissues, improved resistance to apoptosis and abnormal proliferation in lung tissues, attenuated right ventricular injury and remodeling, and maintained normal function of the right ventricle. We revealed that MCT and hypoxia treatment significantly downregulated BMPR2/Smad signaling in the lung tissues and PPARγ/PI3K/Akt signaling in the lung tissues and right ventricles, which were restored by puerarin administration. In addition, we showed that a novel crystal type V (Puer-V) exerted better therapeutic effects than the crude form of puerarin (Puer). Furthermore, Puer-V was more efficient than bosentan (a positive control drug) in alleviating the abnormal structural changes and dysfunction of lung tissues and right ventricles. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence for developing Puer-V as a novel therapeutic drug to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tian-Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Chan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ran-Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shou-Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lian-Hua Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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12
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Zeng H, Pan T, Zhan M, Hailiwu R, Liu B, Yang H, Li P. Suppression of PFKFB3-driven glycolysis restrains endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrotic response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:303. [PMID: 36045132 PMCID: PMC9433407 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), the process wherein endothelial cells lose endothelial identity and adopt mesenchymal-like phenotypes, constitutes a critical contributor to cardiac fibrosis. The phenotypic plasticity of endothelial cells can be intricately shaped by alteration of metabolic pathways, but how endothelial cells adjust cellular metabolism to drive EndoMT is incompletely understood. Here, we identified 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) as a critical driver of EndoMT via triggering abnormal glycolysis and compromising mitochondrial respiration. Pharmacological suppression of PFKFB3 with salvianolic acid C (SAC), a phenolic compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, attenuates EndoMT and fibrotic response. PFKFB3-haplodeficiency recapitulates the anti-EndoMT effect of SAC while PFKFB3-overexpression augments the magnitude of EndoMT and exacerbates cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, PFKFB3-driven glycolysis compromises cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form, NADPH) production via hijacking glucose flux from pentose phosphate pathway. Efflux of mitochondrial NADPH through isocitrate/α-ketoglutarate shuttle replenishes cytoplasmic NADPH pool but meanwhile impairs mitochondrial respiration by hampering mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. SAC disrupts PFKFB3 stability by accelerating its degradation and thus maintains metabolic homeostasis in endothelial cells, underlying its anti-EndoMT effects. These findings for the first time identify the critical role of PFKFB3 in triggering EndoMT by driving abnormal glycolysis in endothelial cells, and also highlight the therapeutic potential for pharmacological intervention of PFKFB3 (with SAC or other PFKFB3 inhibitors) to combat EndoMT-associated fibrotic responses via metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meiling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Renaguli Hailiwu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Toboz P, Amiri M, Tabatabaei N, Dufour CR, Kim SH, Fillebeen C, Ayemoba CE, Khoutorsky A, Nairz M, Shao L, Pajcini KV, Kim KW, Giguère V, Oliveira RL, Constante M, Santos MM, Morales CR, Pantopoulos K, Sonenberg N, Pinho S, Tahmasebi S. The amino acid sensor GCN2 controls red blood cell clearance and iron metabolism through regulation of liver macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121251119. [PMID: 35994670 PMCID: PMC9436309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121251119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls messenger RNA translation in response to amino acid availability and ribosome stalling. Here, we show that GCN2 controls erythrocyte clearance and iron recycling during stress. Our data highlight the importance of liver macrophages as the primary cell type mediating these effects. During different stress conditions, such as hemolysis, amino acid deficiency or hypoxia, GCN2 knockout (GCN2-/-) mice displayed resistance to anemia compared with wild-type (GCN2+/+) mice. GCN2-/- liver macrophages exhibited defective erythrophagocytosis and lysosome maturation. Molecular analysis of GCN2-/- cells demonstrated that the ATF4-NRF2 pathway is a critical downstream mediator of GCN2 in regulating red blood cell clearance and iron recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix Toboz
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Negar Tabatabaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Catherine R. Dufour
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Charles E. Ayemoba
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kostandin V. Pajcini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Regiana L. Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marco Constante
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du CHUM and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3X 0A9, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Soroush Tahmasebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612
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14
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Kawami M, Honda M, Hara T, Yumoto R, Takano M. Role of Nrf2 in Methotrexate-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Alveolar A549 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1069-1076. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Mikito Honda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takuya Hara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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15
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Salvianolic Acid A Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Neutrophil NETosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7411824. [PMID: 35910849 PMCID: PMC9334034 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7411824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is one of bioactive polyphenol extracted from a Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), which was widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in traditional Chinese medicine. SAA has been reported to be protective in cardiovascular disease and ischemia injury, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effect, but its role in acute lung injury (ALI) is still unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of SAA in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI. The optimal dose of SAA was determined by comparing the attenuation of lung injury score after administration of SAA at three different doses (low, 5 mg/kg; medium, 10 mg/kg; and, high 15 mg/kg). Dexamethasone (DEX) was used as a positive control for SAA. Here, we showed that the therapeutic effect of SAA (10 mg/kg) against LPS-induced pathologic injury in the lungs was comparable to DEX. SAA and DEX attenuated the increased W/D ratio and the protein level, counts of total cells and neutrophils, and cytokine levels in the BALF of ALI mice similarly. The oxidative stress was also relieved by SAA and DEX according to the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. NET level in the lungs was elevated in the injured lung while SAA and DEX reduced it significantly. LPS induced phosphorylation of Src, Raf, MEK, and ERK in the lungs, which was inhibited by SAA and DEX. NET level and phosphorylation level of Src/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in the neutrophils from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients were also inhibited by SAA and DEX in vitro, but the YEEI peptide reversed the protective effect of SAA completely. The inhibition of NET release by SAA was also reversed by YEEI peptide in LPS-challenged neutrophils from healthy volunteers. Our data demonstrated that SAA ameliorated ALI via attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and neutrophil NETosis. The mechanism of such protective effect might involve the inhibition of Src activation.
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16
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Target Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Pulmonary Hypertension: Molecular Insight into Application. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7845503. [PMID: 35707273 PMCID: PMC9192195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7845503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor involved in maintaining redox balance and activates the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Nrf2 has received wide attention considering its crucial role in oxidative and electrophilic stress. Large amounts of studies have demonstrated the protective role of Nrf2 activation in various pulmonary hypertension (pH) models. Additionally, various kinds of natural phytochemicals acting as Nrf2 activators prevent the development of pH and provide a novel and promising therapeutic insight for the treatment of pH. In the current review, we give a brief introduction of Nrf2 and focus on the role and mechanism of Nrf2 in the pathophysiology of pH and then review the relevant research of Nrf2 agonists in pH in both experimental research and clinical trials.
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17
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Important Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030473. [PMID: 35326123 PMCID: PMC8944689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that act as a primary site to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, mitochondria play a pivotal role in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, fatty acid oxidation, and ketone synthesis. Dysfunction of these signaling molecules leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), atherosclerosis, and other vascular diseases. Features of PH include vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling, which can result from abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). These responses are mediated by increased Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP)-dependent mitochondrial ROS production and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ can both synergistically activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) to trigger inflammatory responses leading to PH, right ventricular failure, and death. Evidence suggests that increased mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling leads to abnormal synthesis of ketones, which play a critical role in the development of PH. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on the important interactive role and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ in the development and progression of PH. We also address the contributions of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses and ketone-mediated oxidative stress due to abnormal regulation of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling in PH.
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18
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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19
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Ameliorative Effects and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling: Network and Experimental Analyses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4576071. [PMID: 34422208 PMCID: PMC8378953 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4576071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe and progressive cardiovascular disease. Its pathological mechanism is complex, and the common pathological feature is pulmonary vascular remodeling. The efficacy of existing therapeutic agents is limited. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of complex diseases. In this study, the approaches of network pharmacology combined with biological verification are employed to explore the role of Buyang huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in the treatment of PH. The active ingredients in BYHWD were first screened based on the ADME properties of the compounds. In turn, the mean of data mining was utilized to analyze the potential targets of BYHWD for the treatment of PH. On this basis, a series of interaction networks were constructed for searching the core targets. The genes including AKT1, MMP9, NOS3/eNOS, and EGFR were found to be possible key targets in BYHWD. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the targets of BYHWD focused on smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, which are classic biological processes involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and are closely related to the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. The methods of biological experiments were adopted to verify the above results. The present study elucidated the mechanism of BYHWD in the treatment of PH and provided new ideas for the clinical use of TCM in the treatment of PH.
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Huang N, Zhu TT, Liu T, Ge XY, Wang D, Liu H, Zhu GX, Zhang Z, Hu CP. Aspirin ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension by dampening endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174307. [PMID: 34245748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) is the pathological basis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Incomplete understanding of PVR etiology has hindered drug development for this devastating disease, which exhibits poor prognosis despite the currently available therapies. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process of cell transdifferentiation, has been recently implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including PH. But the questions of how EndMT occurs and how to pharmacologically target EndMT in vivo have yet to be further answered. Herein, by performing hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting, we found that EndMT plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PH, and importantly that aspirin, a FDA-approved widely used drug, was capable of ameliorating PVR in a preclinical rat model of hypoxia-induced PH. Moreover, aspirin exerted its inhibitory effects on EndMT in vitro and in vivo by suppressing HIF-1α/TGF-β1/Smads/Snail signaling pathway. Our data suggest that EndMT represents an intriguing drug target for the prevention and treatment of hypoxic PH and that aspirin may be repurposed to meet the urgent therapeutic needs of hypoxic PH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou First Peoples Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Guang-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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21
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Roubenne L, Marthan R, Le Grand B, Guibert C. Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism and Pulmonary Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061477. [PMID: 34204699 PMCID: PMC8231487 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe and multifactorial disease characterized by a progressive elevation of pulmonary arterial resistance and pressure due to remodeling, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoreactive alterations of pulmonary arteries (PAs). Currently, the etiology of these pathological features is not clearly understood and, therefore, no curative treatment is available. Since the 1990s, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been described as the third gasotransmitter with plethoric regulatory functions in cardiovascular tissues, especially in pulmonary circulation. Alteration in H2S biogenesis has been associated with the hallmarks of PH. H2S is also involved in pulmonary vascular cell homeostasis via the regulation of hypoxia response and mitochondrial bioenergetics, which are critical phenomena affected during the development of PH. In addition, H2S modulates ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) activity, and is associated with PA relaxation. In vitro or in vivo H2S supplementation exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and reduces PA remodeling. Altogether, current findings suggest that H2S promotes protective effects against PH, and could be a relevant target for a new therapeutic strategy, using attractive H2S-releasing molecules. Thus, the present review discusses the involvement and dysregulation of H2S metabolism in pulmonary circulation pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roubenne
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut-Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France; (L.R.); (R.M.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ Bordeaux, U1045, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- OP2 Drugs, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France;
| | - Roger Marthan
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut-Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France; (L.R.); (R.M.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ Bordeaux, U1045, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Bruno Le Grand
- OP2 Drugs, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France;
| | - Christelle Guibert
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Avenue du Haut-Lévêque, F-33604 Pessac, France; (L.R.); (R.M.)
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ Bordeaux, U1045, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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22
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Redox and Inflammatory Signaling, the Unfolded Protein Response, and the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:333-373. [PMID: 34019276 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding overload and oxidative stress disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The altered ER redox state induces further ROS production through UPR signaling that balances the cell fates of survival and apoptosis, contributing to pulmonary microvascular inflammation and dysfunction and driving the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). UPR-induced ROS production through ER calcium release along with NADPH oxidase activity results in endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. ROS and calcium signaling also promote endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, decreasing NO production and increasing vascular resistance through persistent vasoconstriction and SMC proliferation. C/EBP-homologous protein further inhibits eNOS, interfering with endothelial function. UPR-induced NF-κB activity regulates inflammatory processes in lung tissue and contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Conversely, UPR-activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated antioxidant signaling through heme oxygenase 1 attenuates inflammatory cytokine levels and protects against vascular SMC proliferation. A mutation in the bone morphogenic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) gene causes misfolded BMPR2 protein accumulation in the ER, implicating the UPR in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis. Altogether, there is substantial evidence that redox and inflammatory signaling associated with UPR activation is critical in PH pathogenesis.
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23
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Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, Vomero M, Navarini L, Dolo V, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:12-27. [PMID: 33772754 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by significant vascular alterations and multi-organ fibrosis. Microvascular alterations are the first event of SSc and injured endothelial cells (ECs) may transdifferentiate towards myofibroblasts, the cells responsible for fibrosis and collagen deposition. This process is identified as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and understanding of its development is pivotal to identify early pathogenetic events and new therapeutic targets for SSc. In this review, we have highlighted the molecular mechanisms of EndMT and summarize the evidence of the role played by EndMT during the development of progressive fibrosis in SSc, also exploring the possible therapeutic role of its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Benedetto
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Ruscitti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - O Berardicurti
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Vomero
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Rome, Italy
| | - L Navarini
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Rome, Italy
| | - V Dolo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Cipriani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Giacomelli
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico', Rome, Italy
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24
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Yang CC, Yang CM. Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:657-687. [PMID: 33707963 PMCID: PMC7940992 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pro-inflammatory factors and proteins have been characterized that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, induced by oxidative stress, cytokines, bacterial toxins, and viruses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers and are products of normal cellular metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS protect cells against oxidative stress through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which is important for proliferation, viability, cell activation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS is most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction could further induce numerous inflammatory target proteins that are potentially mediated via Nox/ROS-related transcription factors triggered by various intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, oxidative stress is considered important in pulmonary inflammatory processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that redox signals can induce pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Thus, therapeutic strategies directly targeting oxidative stress may be effective for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be beneficial to these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that traditional Chinese medicines, statins, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor agonists could modulate inflammation-related signaling processes and may be beneficial for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In particular, several herbal medicines have attracted attention for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of these drugs to dissect how they induce host defense mechanisms against oxidative injury to combat pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death can be protected via the induction of HO-1 by these drugs. The main objective of this review is to focus on Chinese herbs and old drugs to develop anti-inflammatory drugs able to induce HO-1 expression for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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25
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Yun E, Kook Y, Yoo KH, Kim KI, Lee MS, Kim J, Lee A. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Vascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120639. [PMID: 33371458 PMCID: PMC7767472 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis, are life-threatening diseases and have common features of vascular remodeling. During progression, extracellular matrix protein deposition and dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes occurs, which results in vascular stiffness and dysfunction. Although vasodilators or anti-fibrotic therapy have been mainly used as therapy owing to these characteristics, their effectiveness does not meet expectations. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner walls of blood vessels and maintain vascular homeostasis by protecting vascular cells from pathological stimuli. Chronic stimulation of ECs by various factors, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia, leads to ECs undergoing an imbalance of endothelial homeostasis, which results in endothelial dysfunction and is closely associated with vascular diseases. Emerging studies suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. EndMT is a process by which ECs lose their markers and show mesenchymal-like morphological changes, and gain mesenchymal cell markers. Despite the efforts to elucidate these molecular mechanisms, the role of EndMT in the pathogenesis of lung disease still requires further investigation. Here, we review the importance of EndMT in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular diseases and discuss various signaling pathways and mediators involved in the EndMT process. Furthermore, we will provide insight into the therapeutic potential of targeting EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsik Yun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Yunjin Kook
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-710-9553 (J.K. & A.L.); Fax: +82-2-2077-7322 (J.K. & A.L.)
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (K.H.Y.); (K.I.K.); (M.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-710-9553 (J.K. & A.L.); Fax: +82-2-2077-7322 (J.K. & A.L.)
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26
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Parlakpinar H, Polat S, Acet HA. Pharmacological agents under investigation in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 and the importance of melatonin. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:62-75. [PMID: 32657483 PMCID: PMC7405383 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a life‐threatening infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). COVID‐19 pandemic causing morbidities and even deaths worldwide revealed that there is urgent need to find pharmacological agents or vaccines. Although there are a lot of agents under investigation, there is no approved agent for the prevention or treatment of the COVID‐19 yet. Treatment of patients remains mainly supportive as well as compassionate use of the agents under investigation. It is well established that excessive inflammatory and immune response and oxidative injury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. In this review, we aimed to update knowledge about pathogenesis, clinical features, and pharmacological treatment of COVID‐19 and review the potential beneficial effects of ancient antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory molecule melatonin for prevention and treatment of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Polat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Haci Ahmet Acet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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27
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Manaud G, Nossent EJ, Lambert M, Ghigna MR, Boët A, Vinhas MC, Ranchoux B, Dumas SJ, Courboulin A, Girerd B, Soubrier F, Bignard J, Claude O, Lecerf F, Hautefort A, Florio M, Sun B, Nadaud S, Verleden SE, Remy S, Anegon I, Bogaard HJ, Mercier O, Fadel E, Simonneau G, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Grünberg K, Humbert M, Montani D, Dorfmüller P, Antigny F, Perros F. Comparison of Human and Experimental Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:118-131. [PMID: 32209028 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0015oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) occurs in humans either as a heritable form (hPVOD) due to biallelic inactivating mutations of EIF2AK4 (encoding GCN2) or as a sporadic form in older age (sPVOD). The chemotherapeutic agent mitomycin C (MMC) is a potent inducer of PVOD in humans and in rats (MMC-PVOD). Here, we compared human hPVOD and sPVOD, and MMC-PVOD pathophysiology at the histological, cellular, and molecular levels to unravel common altered pathomechanisms. MMC exposure in rats was associated primarily with arterial and microvessel remodeling, and secondarily by venous remodeling, when PVOD became symptomatic. In all forms of PVOD tested, there was convergent GCN2-dependent but eIF2α-independent pulmonary protein overexpression of HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein [C/EBP] homologous protein), two downstream effectors of GCN2 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In human PVOD samples, CHOP immunohistochemical staining mainly labeled endothelial cells in remodeled veins and arteries. Strong HO-1 staining was observed only within capillary hemangiomatosis foci, where intense microvascular proliferation occurs. HO-1 and CHOP stainings were not observed in control and pulmonary arterial hypertension lung tissues, supporting the specificity for CHOP and HO-1 involvement in PVOD pathobiology. In vivo loss of GCN2 (EIF2AK4 mutations carriers and Eif2ak4-/- rats) or in vitro GCN2 inhibition in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells using pharmacological and siRNA approaches demonstrated that GCN2 loss of function negatively regulates BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)-dependent SMAD1/5/9 signaling. Exogenous BMP9 was still able to reverse GCN2 inhibition-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In conclusion, we identified CHOP and HO-1 inhibition, and BMP9, as potential therapeutic options for PVOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Manaud
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Esther J Nossent
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | | | - Angèle Boët
- Department of Research, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | | | - Benoit Ranchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Audrey Courboulin
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Florent Soubrier
- INSERM UMR_S 956, Pierre and Marie Curie Université (Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Juliette Bignard
- INSERM UMR_S 956, Pierre and Marie Curie Université (Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Claude
- INSERM UMR_S 956, Pierre and Marie Curie Université (Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Florence Lecerf
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Aurélie Hautefort
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Monica Florio
- Cardio-Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Banghua Sun
- Cardio-Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Sophie Nadaud
- INSERM UMR_S 956, Pierre and Marie Curie Université (Paris 06), Paris, France
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN et Transgenic Rats and Immunophenomic Platform, Nantes, France; and
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology-ITUN et Transgenic Rats and Immunophenomic Platform, Nantes, France; and
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and.,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and.,Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Gérald Simonneau
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrien Grünberg
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and.,Department of Pathology and.,Department of Pathology, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Université Paris-Saclay-Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UMRS 999, INSERM and Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique, and
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Le Ribeuz H, Dumont F, Ruellou G, Lambert M, Balliau T, Quatredeniers M, Girerd B, Cohen-Kaminsky S, Mercier O, Yen-Nicolaÿ S, Humbert M, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Proteomic Analysis of KCNK3 Loss of Expression Identified Dysregulated Pathways in Pulmonary Vascular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7400. [PMID: 33036472 PMCID: PMC7582549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiopathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) and endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction, contributing to pulmonary arterial obstruction and PAH progression. KCNK3 loss of function mutations are responsible for the first channelopathy identified in PAH. Loss of KCNK3 function/expression is a hallmark of PAH. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in KCNK3 dysfunction are mostly unknown. To identify the pathological molecular mechanisms downstream of KCNK3 in human PASMCs (hPASMCs) and human PAECs (hPAECs), we used a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based proteomic approach to identify the molecular pathways regulated by KCNK3. KCNK3 loss of expression was induced in control hPASMCs or hPAECs by specific siRNA targeting KCNK3. We found that the loss of KCNK3 expression in hPAECs and hPASMCs leads to 326 and 222 proteins differentially expressed, respectively. Among them, 53 proteins were common to hPAECs and hPASMCs. The specific proteome remodeling in hPAECs in absence of KCNK3 was mostly related to the activation of glycolysis, the superpathway of methionine degradation, and the mTOR signaling pathways, and to a reduction in EIF2 signaling pathways. In hPASMCs, we found an activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and a reduction in EIF2 signaling and the Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis II and IL-8 signaling pathways. Common to hPAECs and hPASMCs, we found that the loss of KCNK3 expression leads to the activation of the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and a reduction in the interferon pathway. In the hPAECs and hPASMCs, we found an increased expression of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) and a decreased IFIT3 (interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 3) (confirmed by Western blotting), allowing us to identify these axes to understand the consequences of KCNK3 dysfunction. Our experiments, based on the loss of KCNK3 expression by a specific siRNA strategy in control hPAECs and hPASMCs, allow us to identify differences in the activation of several signaling pathways, indicating the key role played by KCNK3 dysfunction in the development of PAH. Altogether, these results allow us to better understand the consequences of KCNK3 dysfunction and suggest that KCNK3 loss of expression acts in favor of the proliferation and migration of hPASMCs and promotes the metabolic shift and apoptosis resistance of hPAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Ribeuz
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- UMS Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (F.D.); (G.R.); (S.Y.-N.)
| | - Guillaume Ruellou
- UMS Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (F.D.); (G.R.); (S.Y.-N.)
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO-GQE-Le Moulon, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Marceau Quatredeniers
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphanie Yen-Nicolaÿ
- UMS Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (F.D.); (G.R.); (S.Y.-N.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (H.L.R.); (M.L.); (M.Q.); (B.G.); (S.C.-K.); (O.M.); (M.H.); (D.M.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hypertension Pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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The Effect of Salvianolic Acid on Vascular Protection and Possible Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5472096. [PMID: 33062143 PMCID: PMC7533016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5472096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), as an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years. Salvianolic acids (salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B) as the most abundant water-soluble component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza have attracted more and more attention from cardiovascular scientists due to its comprehensive cardiovascular actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have rendered salvianolic acid an excellent drug candidate for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we surveyed the protective effects of salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B against cardiovascular diseases and the pharmacological basis, providing a strong scientific rationale for elucidating the important role of Salvia miltiorrhiza in cardiovascular therapy. More importantly, we also hope to provide new inspiration and perspectives on the development and innovation of small-molecule cardiovascular drugs based on salvianolic acid.
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Gaikwad AV, Eapen MS, McAlinden KD, Chia C, Larby J, Myers S, Dey S, Haug G, Markos J, Glanville AR, Sohal SS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1027-1043. [PMID: 32659128 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1795832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible fibrotic disease associated with respiratory failure. The disease remains idiopathic, but repeated alveolar epithelium injury, disruption of alveolar-capillary integrity, abnormal vascular repair, and pulmonary vascular remodeling are considered possible pathogenic mechanisms. Also, the development of comorbidities such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) could further impact disease outcome, quality of life and survival rates in IPF. AREAS COVERED The current review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the mechanisms involved in the development and manifestations of IPF and their links to PH pathology. This review also provides the current understanding of molecular mechanisms that link the two pathologies and will specifically decipher the role of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) along with the possible triggers of EndMT. The possibility of targeting EndMT as a therapeutic option in IPF is discussed. EXPERT OPINION With a steady increase in prevalence and mortality, IPF is no longer considered a rare disease. Thus, it is of utmost importance and urgency that the underlying profibrotic pathways and mechanisms are fully understood, to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Kielan D McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Josie Larby
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Greg Haug
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - James Markos
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
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Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in anticancer therapy and normal tissue damage. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:781-792. [PMID: 32467609 PMCID: PMC7272420 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) involves the phenotypic conversion of endothelial-to-mesenchymal cells, and was first discovered in association with embryonic heart development. EndMT can regulate various processes, such as tissue fibrosis and cancer. Recent findings have shown that EndMT is related to resistance to cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and radiation therapy. Based on the known effects of EndMT on the cardiac toxicity of anticancer therapy and tissue damage of radiation therapy, we propose that EndMT can be targeted as a strategy for overcoming tumor resistance while reducing complications, such as tissue damage. In this review, we discuss EndMT and its roles in damaging cardiac and lung tissues, as well as EndMT-related effects on tumor vasculature and resistance in anticancer therapy. Modulating EndMT in radioresistant tumors and radiation-induced tissue fibrosis can especially increase the efficacy of radiation therapy. In addition, we review the role of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species as the main stimulating factors of tissue damage due to vascular damage and EndMT. We consider drugs that may be clinically useful for regulating EndMT in various diseases. Finally, we argue the importance of EndMT as a therapeutic target in anticancer therapy for reducing tissue damage. A process of cellular conversion known as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may offer a valuable target for treating cancer and other diseases. In EndMT, the cells lining blood vessels undergo a striking change in shape and physiology, acquiring features of cells called fibroblasts. Fibroblasts form the body’s connective tissue, but also produce scar tissue that impairs organ function. Researchers led by Yoon-Jin Lee of the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences in Seoul, South Korea, have reviewed the impact of this transformation on human disease. EndMT is seen as a prelude to heart failure, in lung tissue affected by pulmonary fibrosis, and within tumors, where the process recruits cells that further stimulate cancer progression. The authors highlight the potential of using drugs that target EndMT to bolster the efficacy and safety of tumor therapy.
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Kang Y, Zhang G, Huang EC, Huang J, Cai J, Cai L, Wang S, Keller BB. Sulforaphane prevents right ventricular injury and reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H853-H866. [PMID: 32108526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and while inflammation is pathogenic in PAH, there is limited information on the role of RV inflammation in PAH. Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent Nrf2 activator, has significant anti-inflammatory effects and facilitates cardiac protection in preclinical diabetic models. Therefore, we hypothesized that SFN might play a comparable role in reducing RV and pulmonary inflammation and injury in a murine PAH model. We induced PAH using SU5416 and 10% hypoxia (SuHx) for 4 wk in male mice randomized to SFN at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg 5 days per week for 4 wk or to vehicle control. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to characterize chamber-specific ventricular function during PAH induction. At 4 wk, we measured RV pressure and relevant measures of histology and protein and gene expression. SuHx induced progressive RV, but not LV, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and RV and pulmonary remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammation. SFN prevented SuHx-induced RV dysfunction and remodeling, reduced RV inflammation and fibrosis, upregulated Nrf2 expression and its downstream gene NQO1, and reduced the inflammatory mediator leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). SFN also reduced SuHx-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. SFN alone had no effect on the heart or lungs. Thus, SuHx-induced RV and pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis can be attenuated or prevented by SFN, supporting the rationale for further studies to investigate SFN and the role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 pathways in preclinical and clinical PAH studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in this murine model (SU5416 + hypoxia) is associated with early changes in right ventricular (RV) diastolic and systolic function. RV and lung injury in the SU5416 + hypoxia model are associated with markers for fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Sulforaphane (SFN) alone for 4 wk has no effect on the murine heart or lungs. Sulforaphane (SFN) attenuates or prevents the RV and lung injury in the SUF5416 + hypoxia model of PAH, suggesting that Nrf2 may be a candidate target for strategies to prevent or reverse PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Emma C Huang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Department of Anesthesiology, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Tofovic SP, Jackson EK. Estradiol Metabolism: Crossroads in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010116. [PMID: 31877978 PMCID: PMC6982327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating and progressive disease that predominantly develops in women. Over the past 15 years, cumulating evidence has pointed toward dysregulated metabolism of sex hormones in animal models and patients with PAH. 17β-estradiol (E2) is metabolized at positions C2, C4, and C16, which leads to the formation of metabolites with different biological/estrogenic activity. Since the first report that 2-methoxyestradiol, a major non-estrogenic metabolite of E2, attenuates the development and progression of experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH), it has become increasingly clear that E2, E2 precursors, and E2 metabolites exhibit both protective and detrimental effects in PH. Furthermore, both experimental and clinical data suggest that E2 has divergent effects in the pulmonary vasculature versus right ventricle (estrogen paradox in PAH). The estrogen paradox is of significant clinical relevance for understanding the development, progression, and prognosis of PAH. This review updates experimental and clinical findings and provides insights into: (1) the potential impacts that pathways of estradiol metabolism (EMet) may have in PAH; (2) the beneficial and adverse effects of estrogens and their precursors/metabolites in experimental PH and human PAH; (3) the co-morbidities and pathological conditions that may alter EMet and influence the development/progression of PAH; (4) the relevance of the intracrinology of sex hormones to vascular remodeling in PAH; and (5) the advantages/disadvantages of different approaches to modulate EMet in PAH. Finally, we propose the three-tier-estrogen effects in PAH concept, which may offer reconciliation of the opposing effects of E2 in PAH and may provide a better understanding of the complex mechanisms by which EMet affects the pulmonary circulation–right ventricular interaction in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan P. Tofovic
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, BST E1240, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Drive, PA 15219, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-3363
| | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Drive, PA 15219, USA;
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Tseng V, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Redox Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:874-897. [PMID: 30582337 PMCID: PMC6751396 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) maintains pulmonary vascular health through coordination of antioxidant defense systems, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Insufficient PPARγ contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis, whereas therapeutic restoration of PPARγ activity attenuates PH in preclinical models. Recent Advances: Numerous studies in the past decade have elucidated the complex mechanisms by which PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV) protects against PH. The scope of PPARγ-interconnected pathways continues to expand and includes induction of antioxidant genes, transrepression of inflammatory signaling, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic integrity, control of cell cycle and proliferation, and regulation of vascular tone through interactions with nitric oxide and endogenous vasoactive molecules. Furthermore, PPARγ interacts with an extensive regulatory network of transcription factors and microRNAs leading to broad impact on cell signaling. Critical Issues: Abundant evidence suggests that targeting PPARγ exerts diverse salutary effects in PH and represents a novel and potentially translatable therapeutic strategy. However, progress has been slowed by an incomplete understanding of how specific PPARγ pathways are critically disrupted across PH disease subtypes and lack of optimal pharmacological ligands. Future Directions: Recent studies indicate that ligand-induced post-translational modifications of the PPARγ receptor differentially induce therapeutic benefits versus adverse side effects of PPARγ receptor activation. Strategies to selectively target PPARγ activity in diseased cells of pulmonary circulation and RV, coupled with development of ligands designed to specifically regulate post-translational PPARγ modifications, may unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile master transcriptional and metabolic regulator in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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Suliman HB, Nozik-Grayck E. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Metabolic Drivers of Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:843-857. [PMID: 30604624 PMCID: PMC6751393 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and lung vasculopathy. The disease displays progressive dyspnea, pulmonary artery uncoupling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The overall survival rate is ranging from 28-72%. Recent Advances: The molecular events that promote the development of PH are complex and incompletely understood. Metabolic impairment has been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of PH with evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction involving the electron transport chain proteins, antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis regulators, and mitochondrial quality control. Critical Issues: It is vital to characterize the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PH pathogenesis. This review focuses on the currently available publications that supports mitochondrial mechanisms in PH pathophysiology. Future Directions: Further studies of these metabolic mitochondrial alterations in PH could be viable targets of diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Simenauer A, Assefa B, Rios-Ochoa J, Geraci K, Hybertson B, Gao B, McCord J, Elajaili H, Nozik-Grayck E, Cota-Gomez A. Repression of Nrf2/ARE regulated antioxidant genes and dysregulation of the cellular redox environment by the HIV Transactivator of Transcription. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:244-252. [PMID: 31238128 PMCID: PMC7096131 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HIV infection in the era of anti-retroviral therapy is associated with dramatically increased risk of developing severe cardio pulmonary disease. Common to these diseases is increased oxidative burden and chronic inflammation despite low viremia and restoration of CD4+ T-cell levels. Soluble viral factors are heavily implicated in these disease processes, including the HIV Transactivator of Transcription (Tat). Tat is produced in high levels during infection and secreted from infected cells into circulation where it is internalized by bystander cells and is known to regulate inflammatory pathways and elicit a pro-oxidant environment. We have examined the effects of Tat on the anti-oxidant regulatory network driven by the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in primary human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, which are heavily involved in pathogenesis of HIV associated lung diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension and COPD. Co-expression of Tat and a luciferase reporter construct driven by the Nrf2 activated anti-oxidant response element (ARE) demonstrated markedly reduced Nrf2/ARE activity, even when stimulated by the potent Nrf2 activating compound PB125. Additionally, Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) transcription was potently repressed by Tat in a cell line as well as primary endothelial cells, and treatment with PB125 failed to restore transcriptional activity. Other anti-oxidant Nrf2 genes examined included NADPH Dehydrogenase Quinone 1 (NQO1) and Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1). NQO1 was repressed basally by Tat, while SRXN1 transcription was refractory to activation by PB125 in the presence of Tat. Lastly, we demonstrated that Tat expressing cells have increased indicators of oxidative stress including elevated production of reactive oxygen species, measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and increased levels of nitrotyrosine content. These observations suggest a novel mechanism by which HIV Tat increases oxidative burden by dysregulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Simenauer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Betelhem Assefa
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jose Rios-Ochoa
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kara Geraci
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brooks Hybertson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA; Pathways Bioscience, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA; Pathways Bioscience, USA
| | - Joe McCord
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA; Pathways Bioscience, USA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Box B131, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Research 2, Room, 6121, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Box B131, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Research 2, Room, 6121, USA
| | - Adela Cota-Gomez
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mailstop C272, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Avila-Carrasco L, Majano P, Sánchez-Toméro JA, Selgas R, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, González Mateo G. Natural Plants Compounds as Modulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31417401 PMCID: PMC6682706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a self-regulated physiological process required for tissue repair that, in non-controled conditions may lead to fibrosis, angiogenesis, loss of normal organ function or cancer. Although several molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation have been described, this process does not have any specific treatment. This article introduces a systematic review of effective natural plant compounds and their extract that modulates the pathological EMT or its deleterious effects, through acting on different cellular signal transduction pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Thereby, cryptotanshinone, resveratrol, oxymatrine, ligustrazine, osthole, codonolactone, betanin, tannic acid, gentiopicroside, curcumin, genistein, paeoniflorin, gambogic acid and Cinnamomum cassia extracts inhibit EMT acting on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathways. Gedunin, carnosol, celastrol, black rice anthocyanins, Duchesnea indica, cordycepin and Celastrus orbiculatus extract downregulate vimectin, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Sulforaphane, luteolin, celastrol, curcumin, arctigenin inhibit β-catenin signaling pathways. Salvianolic acid-A and plumbagin block oxidative stress, while honokiol, gallic acid, piperlongumine, brusatol and paeoniflorin inhibit EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB. Plectranthoic acid, resveratrol, genistein, baicalin, polyphyllin I, cairicoside E, luteolin, berberine, nimbolide, curcumin, withaferin-A, jatrophone, ginsenoside-Rb1, honokiol, parthenolide, phoyunnanin-E, epicatechin-3-gallate, gigantol, eupatolide, baicalin and baicalein and nitidine chloride inhibit EMT acting on other signaling pathways (SIRT1, p38 MAPK, NFAT1, SMAD, IL-6, STAT3, AQP5, notch 1, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, FAK/AKT, Hh). Despite the huge amount of preclinical data regarding EMT modulation by the natural compounds of plant, clinical translation is poor. Additionally, this review highlights some relevant examples of clinical trials using natural plant compounds to modulate EMT and its deleterious effects. Overall, this opens up new therapeutic alternatives in cancer, inflammatory and fibrosing diseases through the control of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Health and Human Science Research, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Toméro
- Department and Nephrology, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1281-1324. [PMID: 30864875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype displaying typical mesenchymal cell morphology and functions, including the acquisition of cellular motility and contractile properties. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific proteins such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and initiate the expression of mesenchymal cell-specific genes and the production of their encoded proteins including α-smooth muscle actin, extra domain A fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, also known as S100A4 protein, and fibrillar type I and type III collagens. Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered the main EndMT inducer. However, EndMT involves numerous molecular and signaling pathways that are triggered and modulated by multiple and often redundant mechanisms depending on the specific cellular context and on the physiological or pathological status of the cells. EndMT participates in highly important embryonic development processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of numerous genetically determined and acquired human diseases including malignant, vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of EndMT remain to be elucidated. The identification of molecules and regulatory pathways involved in EndMT and the discovery of specific EndMT inhibitors should provide novel therapeutic approaches for various human disorders mediated by EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ma L, Tang L, Yi Q. Salvianolic Acids: Potential Source of Natural Drugs for the Treatment of Fibrosis Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30842735 PMCID: PMC6391314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acids, the most effective and abundant compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), are well known for its good anti-oxidative activity. Danshen has been extensively used as a traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular-related diseases in China and other Asian countries for hundreds of years. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated that salvianolic acids also have a good effect on the alleviation of fibrosis disease and the treatment of cancer. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that salvianolic acids can modulate signal transduction within fibroblasts and cancer cells. It is discovered that the cancer treatment of salvianolic acids is not only because salvianolic acids promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, but also due to the inhibition of cancer-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. In this article, we review a variety of studies focusing on the comprehensive roles of salvianolic acids in the treatment of fibrosis disease and cancer. These perspectives on the therapeutic potential of salvianolic acids highlight the importance of these compounds, which could be the novel and attractive drugs for fibrosis disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunkun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:300-307. [PMID: 32148412 PMCID: PMC7031736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP–induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP–induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3–miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.
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Thuan DTB, Zayed H, Eid AH, Abou-Saleh H, Nasrallah GK, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. A Potential Link Between Oxidative Stress and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1985. [PMID: 30283435 PMCID: PMC6156139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease that is associated with a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, is characterized by progressive fibrosis and microvasculature damage in the skin, lungs, heart, digestive system, kidneys, muscles, joints, and nervous system. These abnormalities are associated with altered secretion of growth factor and profibrotic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF). Among the cellular responses to this proinflammatory environment, the endothelial cells phenotypic conversion into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), has been postulated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) might play a key role in SSs-associated fibrosis and vascular damage by mediating and/or activating TGF-β-induced EndMT, a phenomenon that has been observed in other disease models. In this review, we identified and critically appraised published studies investigating associations ROS and EndMT and the presence of EndMT in SSc, highlighting a potential link between oxidative stress and EndMT in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Hue, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Cho JG, Lee A, Chang W, Lee MS, Kim J. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Represents a Key Link in the Interaction between Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515588 PMCID: PMC5826197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels are in direct contact with blood and display remarkable heterogeneity in their response to exogenous stimuli. These ECs have unique location-dependent properties determined by the corresponding vascular beds and play an important role in regulating the homeostasis of the vascular system. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial cells exposed to various environments undergo dynamic phenotypic switching, a key biological program in the context of endothelial heterogeneity, but that might result in EC dysfunction and, in turn, cause a variety of human diseases. Emerging studies show the importance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction during inflammation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which ECs lose their endothelial characteristics, acquire mesenchymal phenotypes, and express mesenchymal cell markers, such as alpha smooth muscle actin and fibroblast-specific protein 1. EndMT is induced by inflammatory responses, leading to pathological states, including tissue fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis, via dysfunction of the vascular system. Although the mechanisms associated with inflammation-induced EndMT have been identified, unraveling the specific role of this phenotypic switching in vascular dysfunction remains a challenge. Here, we review the current understanding on the interactions between inflammatory processes, EndMT, and endothelial dysfunction, with a focus on the mechanisms that regulate essential signaling pathways. Identification of such mechanisms will guide future research and could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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