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Liu Q, Ding J, Zhang X, Bian X, Li M, Chen J, Liu C, Chen X, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang W, Lei M, Yuan H, Wen Y, Kong Q. Construction and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila crp and fur deletion mutants and evaluation of its potential as live-attenuated vaccines in crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109380. [PMID: 38244821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is a typical zoonotic pathogenic bacterium that infects humans, animals, and fish. It has been reported that the Fur, a Fe2+ regulatory protein, and the Crp, a cAMP receptor protein, play important roles in bacterial virulence in many bacteria, but no research has been investigated on A. hydrophila. In this study, the Δfur and Δcrp mutant strains were constructed by the suicide plasmid method. These two mutant strains exhibited a slightly diminished bacterial growth and also were observed some alterations in the number of outer membrane proteins, and the disappearance of hemolysis in the Δcrp strain. Animal experiments of crucian carp showed that the Δfur and Δcrp mutant strains significantly decreased virulence compared to the wild-type strain, and both mutant strains were able to induce good immune responses by two kinds of administration routes of intraperitoneal immunization (i.p) and immersion immunization, and the protection rates through intraperitoneal injection of Δfur and Δcrp to crucian carp were as high as 83.3 % and 73.3 %, respectively, and immersion immunization route of Δfur and Δcrp to crucian carp provided protection as high as 40 % and 20 %, respectively. These two mutant strains showed abilities to induce changes in enzymatic activities of the non-specific enzymes SOD, LZM, AKP, and ACP in crucian carp. Together, these results indicated the Δfur and Δcrp mutants were safe and effective candidate vaccine strains, showing good protection against the wild-type A. hydrophila challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, China.
| | - Jianjun Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengru Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaolin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meihong Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoxiang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusong Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Ni L, Chen D, Zhao Y, Ye R, Fang P. Unveiling the flames: macrophage pyroptosis and its crucial role in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338125. [PMID: 38380334 PMCID: PMC10877142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in innate immunity, with approximately 90% of the total macrophage population in the human body residing in the liver. This population encompasses both resident and infiltrating macrophages. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of liver macrophages in various aspects such as liver inflammation, regeneration, and immune regulation. A novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis, initially identified in macrophages, has garnered substantial attention since its discovery. Studies investigating pyroptosis and inflammation progression have particularly centered around macrophages. In liver diseases, pyroptosis plays an important role in driving the inflammatory response, facilitating the fibrotic process, and promoting tumor progression. Notably, the role of macrophage pyroptosis cannot be understated. This review primarily focuses on the role of macrophage pyroptosis in liver diseases. Additionally, it underscores the therapeutic potential inherent in targeting macrophage pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fan Q, Wu G, Chen M, Luo G, Wu Z, Huo H, Li H, Zheng L, Luo M. Cediranib ameliorates portal hypertensive syndrome via inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling in cirrhotic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176278. [PMID: 38158116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PHT) is a syndrome caused by systemic and portal hemodynamic disturbances with the progression of cirrhosis. However, the exact mechanisms regulating angiogenesis-related responses in PHT remain unclear. Cediranib is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases, exhibiting a greater affinity for VEGFR-2. Liver cirrhosis was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sham-operated rats were controls. BDL and sham rats were randomly allocated to receive Cediranib or vehicle after BDL. On the 28th day, portal hypertension related parameters were surveyed. Cediranib treatment could significantly reduce the portal pressure (PP) in BDL rats, while it did not affect the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in sham groups and BDL groups. Cediranib treatment could significantly affect the stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow and SMA resistance in BDL groups and BDL with Cediranib groups. Cediranib treatment could improve the mesenteric vascular remodeling and contractility. Cediranib treatment significantly reduced mesenteric vascular density. And phospho-VEGFR-2 was significantly downregulated by Cediranib. On the other hand, phospho-endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthases (phospho-eNOS) expressions were upregulated. Cediranib not only improved splanchnic hemodynamics, extrahepatic vascular remodeling and vasodilation, but also alleviated intrahepatic fibrosis and collagen deposition significantly. Cediranib treatment could reduce intrahepatic angiogenesis between BDL-vehicle and BDL-Cediranib rats. In conclusion, Cediranib could improve extrahepatic hyperdynamic circulation by inhibiting extrahepatic angiogenesis through inhibition of the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, portal collateral circulation formation, as well as eNOS-mediated vasodilatation and vascular remodeling, and at the same time, Cediranib improved intrahepatic fibrogenesis and angiogenesis, which together alleviate cirrhotic PHT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guqing Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhong Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang J, Cheng D, Zhang H, Liu Z, Gao M, Wei L, Yan F, Li C, Wang L, Dong G, Wang C, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Xiong H. Interleukin 28A aggravates Con A-induced acute liver injury by promoting the recruitment of M1 macrophages. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23443. [PMID: 38265281 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated acute hepatic injury is characterized by the destruction of a large number of hepatocytes and severe liver function damage. Interleukin-28A (IL-28A), a member of the IL-10 family, is notable for its antiviral properties. However, despite advances in our understanding of IL-28A, its role in immune-mediated acute injury remains unclear. The present study investigated the role of IL-28A in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute immune liver injury. After Con A injection in mice, IL-28A level significantly increased. IL-28A deficiency was found to protect mice from acute liver injury, prolong survival time, and reduce serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. In contrast, recombinant IL-28A aggravated liver injury in mice. The proportion of activated M1 macrophages was significantly lower in the IL-28A-deficiency group than in the wild-type mouse group. In adoptive transfer experiments, M1 macrophages from WT could exacerbate mice acute liver injury symptoms in the IL-28A deficiency group. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β, by M1 macrophages decreased significantly in the IL-28A-deficiency group. Western blotting demonstrated that IL-28A deficiency could limit M1 macrophage polarization by modulating the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathways. In summary, IL-28A deletion plays an important protective role in the Con A-induced acute liver injury model and IL-28A deficiency inhibits the activation of M1 macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF signaling pathways. These results provide a potential new target for the treatment of immune-related hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dalei Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Li Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changying Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Zhao J, Yi Z, Deng G, Li Y, Li J, Qin M, Wu C, Luo P, Ma S, Gao L. STING modulates iron metabolism to promote liver injury and inflammation in acute immune hepatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:367-377. [PMID: 38052276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is closely associated with perturbations in iron ion metabolism, during which Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) plays an important role. However, the precise regulatory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the relationship between iron dysregulation and STING activation in Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced AIH liver injury. STING knockout (STING-/-) mice and AAV (Adeno-Associated virus)-Sting1-RNAi-treated mice were involved and subjected in AIH. We observed that increased iron dysregulation was linked with STING activation, but this effect was effectively reversed by the administration of iron chelating agent Desferoxamine (DFO) and the antioxidant Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Notably, the iron transport protein Transferrin (TF) and Transferrin Receptor (TfR) exhibited significant accumulation in AIH along with upregulated expression of ferritin protein. Additionally, the deficiency of STING reduced hepatic iron accumulation, mitigated oxidative stress, and attenuated macrophage activation during ConA treatment. Furthermore, liver-specific knockdown of STING using AAV-Sting1-RNAi significantly ameliorated liver iron dysregulation and oxidative stress response induced by Kupffer cells (KCs). KC-derived STING exacerbates liver damage severity in AIH through promoting disturbances in hepatic iron ion metabolism as well as oxidative stress response. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of AIH and may pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies targeting STING and iron metabolism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengchen Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaofeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Piao Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuoyi Ma
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Gu T, Xu S, Wang J, Zhu X. Anti-Liver Fibrosis Role of miRNA-96-5p via Targeting FN1 and Inhibiting ECM-Receptor Interaction Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6840-6855. [PMID: 36943602 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of mRNAs participates in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. However, the precise mechanisms regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions about differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) in liver fibrosis and their regulatory mechanisms. The DEMs datasets about hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) obtained from hepatic fibrosis mice versus HSCs obtained from normal mice were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE120281). According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the GSE120281 datasets, ECM-receptor interaction was the most significant enrichment pathway that was correlated with hepatic fibrosis, and the fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene was upregulated most significantly in the signaling pathway. Downregulation of the expression of the FN1 gene by transfecting with FN1-siRNA alleviated the activity of HSCs. Four different bioinformatics web-based tools were used to predict that microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p) would directly target FN1, and a luciferase assay further confirmed this. Moreover, miR-96-5p was declined in activated HSCs and FN1, whereas laminin γ1 (LAMC1), collagen 1α1 (COL1A1) in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway, and the fibrosis marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) could be reduced by upregulation of the miRNA. Additionally, miR-96-5p expression was low in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice. Increased miR-96-5p expression alleviated liver fibrosis, improved liver function, and inhibited the expression of α-SMA, FN1, COL1A1, and LAMC1. In conclusion, this study indicated that upregulation of miR-96-5p could reduce HSC activation and relieve hepatic fibrosis by restraining the FN1/ECM-receptor interaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huaian, 223400, China
| | - Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng First Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China.
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Bao MM, Xu PP, Wu CL. Protective effect of continuous blood purification on liver, kidney, and intestinal function in rats with oral carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:766-772. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i18.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning is a common type of poisoning in chemical workers, but there is no specific clinical drug available to treat liver, kidney, and intestinal injuries caused by this kind of poisoning.
AIM To explore the protective effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on liver, kidney, and intestinal function in rats with oral CCl4 poisoning and the potential mechanism involved.
METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group, model group (CCl4), and CBP treatment group (CCl4 + CBP). The rat model was established by gavage of CCl4. Peripheral blood samples were collected to detect the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), D-lactic acid (D-LA), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), and procalcitonin (PCT). Liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues were collected for pathological examination, and the relative protein expression level of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway molecules was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
RESULTS CBP treatment significantly reduced the increase of white blood cell and neutrophil counts (P < 0.05) and the increase of serum BUN, Cr, CRP, ALT, AST, D-LA, I-FABP and PCT (P < 0.05) induced by CCl4. CBP treatment also reduced the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in kidney tissue and the pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and intestine. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that CBP treatment could reduce the activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by CCl4 (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION CBP has a protective effect against liver, kidney, and intestinal injuries induced by CCl4, and it may improve the symptoms of liver, kidney, and intestinal injuries by reducing the activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by CCl4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Bao
- Hemodialysis Room, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Xu
- Hemodialysis Room, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Li Wu
- Hemodialysis Room, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Guo S, Chen Y, Yin H, Li Y, Cheng G, Tian L. Oryza sativa L. Indica Seed Coat Ameliorated Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Hepatitis in Mice via MDM2/p53 and PKCα/MAPK1 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14503. [PMID: 37833954 PMCID: PMC10572155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatitis (AH) is a common liver disease with an increasing number of patients each year, requiring the development of new treatments. Hence, our work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Oryza sativa L. indica (purple rice) seed coat on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced AH and further reveal its potential mechanisms. Purple rice seed coat extract (PRE) was extracted with hydrochloric acid ethanol and analyzed through a widely targeted components method. We evaluated the effects of PRE on AH through histopathological examination, liver function, gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal barrier. The potential targets of PRE on AH were predicted by bioinformatics. Western blotting, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) staining, and corresponding kits were used to investigate PRE effects on predicting targets and associated signaling pathways in AH mice. In AH model mice, PRE treatment increased transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 (MDM2) expression to inhibit apoptosis; it also markedly downregulated protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) activity to alleviate inflammation. Thus, PRE treatment also recovered the intestinal barrier, decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels of plasma and the liver, enhanced liver function, and improved the composition of intestinal microbiota. In general, PRE targeting MDM2, PKCα, MAPK1, and PTGS1 ameliorated ConA-induced AH by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis, restoring the intestinal barrier, enhancing the liver function, and improving the gut microbiota, which revealed that the purple rice seed coat might hold possibilities as a therapeutic option for AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Shancheng Guo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuxu Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiaolong Yin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaxian Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Chen L, Kang X, Meng X, Huang L, Du Y, Zeng Y, Liao C. MALAT1-mediated EZH2 Recruitment to the GFER Promoter Region Curbs Normal Hepatocyte Proliferation in Acute Liver Injury. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:97-109. [PMID: 36406327 PMCID: PMC9647095 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 inhibited hepatocyte proliferation in acute liver injury (ALI). METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an ALI cellular model in HL7702 cells, in which lentivirus vectors containing MALAT1/EZH2/GFER overexpression or knockdown were introduced. A series of experiments were performed to determine their roles in liver injury, oxidative stress injury, and cell biological processes. The interaction of MALAT1 with EZH2 and enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the GFER promoter region were identified. Rats were treated with MALAT1 knockdown or GFER overexpression before LPS induction to verify the results derived from the in vitro assay. RESULTS MALAT1 levels were elevated and GFER levels were reduced in ALI patients and the LPS-induced cell model. MALAT1 knockdown or GFER overexpression suppressed cell apoptosis and oxidative stress injury induced cell proliferation, and reduced ALI. Functionally, MALAT1 interacted directly with EZH2 and increased the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the GFER promoter region to reduce GFER expression. Moreover, MALAT1/EZH2/GFER was activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the inhibitory role of reduced MALAT1 in ALI through the modulation of EZH2-mediated GFER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Correspondence to: Li Chen, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-2858. Tel: +86-13755192409, E-mail:
| | - Xintong Kang
- Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiujuan Meng
- Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Du
- Department of Emergency, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunfeng Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zheng Y, Sun W, Shan C, Li B, Liu J, Xing H, Xu Q, Cui B, Zhu W, Chen J, Liu L, Yang T, Sun N, Li X. β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits ferroptosis-mediated pancreatic damage in acute liver failure through the increase of H3K9bhb. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111847. [PMID: 36543135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia are often seen in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study describes pancreatic tissue damage and exocrine dysfunction in a mouse model of major-liver-resection-induced ALF. The analysis of 1,264 clinical cases of liver failure (LF) showed that the incidence of hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia in patients with LF is 5.5% and 20%, respectively. Metabolomic studies indicate that glutathione (GSH)-deficiency-caused ferroptosis contributes to pancreatic damage in mouse ALF. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is the only metabolite downregulated in the liver, serum, and pancreas. Our data suggest that β-HB protects pancreatic cells and tissues from GSH-deficiency-caused ferroptosis. β-HB administration in ALF mice restores the expression of ferroptosis-suppressor genes through histone H3 lysine 9 β-hydroxybutyrylation (H3K9bhb)-mediated chromatin opening. Our findings highlight β-HB as an endogenous metabolite regulating ferroptosis in the pancreas and extend our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALF-induced pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenrui Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Shan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- General Practice/International Medical Care Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Peng R, Yang W, Shao W, Pan B, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Kan H, Xu Y, Ying Z. Deficiency of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates PM 2.5 exposure-induced pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation but not abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114253. [PMID: 36343449 PMCID: PMC9759823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases local and systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the pathogenic role of IL-6 signalling following PM2.5 exposure, particularly in the development of pulmonary dysfunction and abnormal glucose homeostasis, has hardly been investigated. RESULTS In the study, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-deficient (IL-6R-/-) and wildtype littermate (IL-6R+/+) mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) or filtered air (FA), and their pulmonary and metabolic responses to these exposures were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that IL-6R deficiency markedly alleviated PM2.5 exposure-induced increases in lung inflammatory markers including the inflammation score of histological analysis, the number of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mRNA expressions of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 and abnormalities in lung function test. However, IL-6R deficiency did not reduce the hepatic insulin resistance nor systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings support the crucial role of IL-6 signalling in the development of pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction due to PM2.5 exposure but question the putative central role of pulmonary inflammation for the extra-pulmonary dysfunctions following PM2.5 exposure, providing a deep mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhen Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenpu Shao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Huang H, Jiang J, Chen R, Lin Y, Chen H, Ling Q. The role of macrophage TAM receptor family in the acute-to-chronic progression of liver disease: From friend to foe? Liver Int 2022; 42:2620-2631. [PMID: 35900248 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages, the key cellular components of the liver, emerge as essential players in liver inflammation, tissue repair and subsequent fibrosis, as well as tumorigenesis. Recently, the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family, consisting of Tyro3, Axl and MerTK, was found to be a pivotal modulator of macrophages. Activation of macrophage TAM receptor signalling promotes the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells and skews the polarization of macrophages. After briefly reviewing the mechanisms of TAM receptor signalling in macrophage polarization, we focus on their role in liver diseases from acute injury to chronic inflammation, fibrosis and then to tumorigenesis. Notably, macrophage TAM receptor signalling seems to be a two-edged sword for liver diseases. On one hand, the activation of TAM receptor signalling inhibits inflammation and facilitates tissue repair during acute liver injury. On the other hand, continuous activation of the signalling contributes to the process of chronic inflammation into fibrosis and tumorigenesis by evoking hepatic stellate cells and inhibiting anti-tumour immunity. Therefore, targeting macrophage TAM receptors and clarifying its downstream pathways will be exciting prospects for the precaution and treatment of liver diseases, particularly at different stages or statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimou Lin
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Wang M, Qin T, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhuang Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Peng Y. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway mediates both liver and kidney injuries in mice with hepatorenal syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G461-G476. [PMID: 36165507 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a complication of cirrhosis with high morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism involving how kidney injury aggravates the progression of cirrhosis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in mediating liver and kidney injuries in HRS mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and/or bile duct ligation (BDL). Two weeks after UUO, there were no obvious pathological changes in mouse liver and the unligated side of kidney. Nevertheless, impaired liver and kidney functions, inflammatory response, and fibrosis were examined in mice after 2 wk of BDL. Compared with those of other groups, mice in the BDL + UUO group presented severer liver and kidney injuries, higher levels of inflammatory factors, and faster deposition of collagens, suggesting that kidney injuries accelerated the aggravation of HRS. Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between expression levels of inflammatory factors and fibrotic levels. Meanwhile, TLR4 and its ligand MyD88 were upregulated during the process of liver and kidney injuries in HRS mice. Further animal experiments in transgenic TLR4-/- mice or in those treated with TAK242, a small molecule inhibitor of TLR4, showed that blocking the TLR4 signaling pathway significantly improved survival quality and survival rate in HRS mice by alleviating liver fibrosis and kidney injury. It is concluded that kidney dysfunction plays an important role in the aggravation of cirrhosis, which may be attributed to the TLR4 signaling pathway. Targeting TLR4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting both liver and kidneys in patients with HRS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study established BDL, UUO, and BDL + UUO models, providing a novel idea for analyzing liver and kidney diseases. It is highlighted that the kidney injury accelerated the aggravation of HRS via inflammatory response, which could be protected by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. We believed that targeting TLR4 was a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting both liver and kidney functions in patients with HRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zirui Zhuang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Tang Y, Song S, Peng J, Zhang Q, Lin W. An ultrasensitive lipid droplet-targeted NIR emission fluorescent probe for polarity detection and its application in liver disease diagnosis. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6974-6982. [PMID: 36000501 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal cells, cancer cells require more energy supply during proliferation and metabolism. In living cells, in addition to mitochondria, lipid droplets are also an important organelle for providing energy. Studies have shown that the number and distribution of lipid droplets change significantly during the production of lesions in cells. At this stage, the predisposing factors for the development of cellular lesions are not clear, thus leading to limitations in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as liver injury, fatty liver, and hepatitis. To meet the urgent challenge, we used a near-infrared emission fluorescent probe SSR-LDs based on the intramolecular charge transfer effect (ICT) to detect polarity changes within intracellular lipid droplets. The probe SSR-LDs has ultra-sensitive polarity sensitivity, excellent chemical stability and photo-stability. In addition, by comparing normal and cancer cells through cell imaging experiments, we found that the robust probe has the ability to sensitively monitor the changes in lipid droplet polarity in the living cells. More importantly, using the constructed fluorescent probe, we have achieved an in vitro fluorescence detection of liver injury and fatty liver, and the detection of hepatitis at the in vivo level. The unique fluorescent probe SSR-LDs is expected to serve as a powerful tool for the medical diagnosis of diseases related to lipid droplet polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Sirui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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15
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Li Y, Palmer A, Lupu L, Huber-Lang M. Inflammatory response to the ischaemia-reperfusion insult in the liver after major tissue trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:4431-4444. [PMID: 35831749 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polytrauma is often accompanied by ischaemia-reperfusion injury to tissues and organs, and the resulting series of immune inflammatory reactions are a major cause of death in patients. The liver is one of the largest organs in the body, a characteristic that makes it the most vulnerable organ after multiple injuries. In addition, the liver is an important digestive organ that secretes a variety of inflammatory mediators involved in local as well as systemic immune inflammatory responses. Therefore, this review considers the main features of post-traumatic liver injury, focusing on the immuno-pathophysiological changes, the interactions between liver organs, and the principles of treatment deduced. METHODS We focus on the local as well as systemic immune response involving the liver after multiple injuries, with emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms. RESULTS An overview of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of local as well as systemic immune responses involving the liver after multiple injuries, the latest research findings, and the current mainstream therapeutic approaches. CONCLUSION Cross-reactivity between various organs and cascade amplification effects are among the main causes of systemic immune inflammatory responses after multiple injuries. For the time being, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unclear. Future work will continue to focus on identifying potential signalling pathways as well as target genes and intervening at the right time points to prevent more severe immune inflammatory responses and promote better and faster recovery of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludmila Lupu
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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16
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Wang C, Ma C, Gong L, Guo Y, Fu K, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Macrophage Polarization and Its Role in Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803037. [PMID: 34970275 PMCID: PMC8712501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells in innate immunity, and have remarkable heterogeneity and polarization. Under pathological conditions, in addition to the resident macrophages, other macrophages are also recruited to the diseased tissues, and polarize to various phenotypes (mainly M1 and M2) under the stimulation of various factors in the microenvironment, thus playing different roles and functions. Liver diseases are hepatic pathological changes caused by a variety of pathogenic factors (viruses, alcohol, drugs, etc.), including acute liver injury, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that macrophage polarization plays an important role in the initiation and development of liver diseases. However, because both macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of liver diseases are complex, the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver diseases need to be further clarified. Therefore, the origin of hepatic macrophages, and the phenotypes and mechanisms of macrophage polarization are reviewed first in this paper. It is found that macrophage polarization involves several molecular mechanisms, mainly including TLR4/NF-κB, JAK/STATs, TGF-β/Smads, PPARγ, Notch, and miRNA signaling pathways. In addition, this paper also expounds the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in various liver diseases, which aims to provide references for further research of macrophage polarization in liver diseases, contributing to the therapeutic strategy of ameliorating liver diseases by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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