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Raguraman R, Shanmugarama S, Mehta M, Elle Peterson J, Zhao YD, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Drug delivery approaches for HuR-targeted therapy for lung cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114068. [PMID: 34822926 PMCID: PMC8724414 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and conventional treatments for disease management have limitations associated with them. Novel therapeutic targets are thus avidly sought for the effective management of LC. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been convincingly established as key players in tumorigenesis, and their dysregulation is linked to multiple cancers, including LC. In this context, we review the role of Human antigen R (HuR), an RBP that is overexpressed in LC, and further associated with various aspects of LC tumor growth and response to therapy. Herein, we describe the role of HuR in LC progression and outline the evidences supporting various pharmacologic and biologic approaches for inhibiting HuR expression and function. These approaches, including use of small molecule inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNAs, have demonstrated favorable results in reducing tumor cell growth, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. Hence, HuR has significant potential as a key therapeutic target in LC. Use of siRNA-based approaches, however, have certain limitations that prevent their maximal exploitation as cancer therapies. To address this, in the conclusion of this review, we provide a list of nanomedicine-based HuR targeting approaches currently being employed for siRNA and shRNA delivery, and provide a rationale for the immense potential therapeutic benefits offered by nanocarrier-based HuR targeting and its promise for treating patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jo Elle Peterson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Lee YC, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chiou JT, Huang CH, Chang LS. GSK3β suppression inhibits MCL1 protein synthesis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:570-586. [PMID: 32572959 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) suppression is a potential strategy for human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. However, the cytotoxic mechanism associated with GSK3β suppression remains unresolved. Thus, the underlying mechanism of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea (AR-A014418)-elicited GSK3β suppression in the induction of AML U937 and HL-60 cell death was investigated in this study. Our study revealed that AR-A014418-induced MCL1 downregulation remarkably elicited apoptosis of U937 cells. Furthermore, the AR-A014418 treatment increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylated Akt and ERK levels. Activation of p38 MAPK subsequently evoked autophagic degradation of 4EBP1, while Akt inactivation suppressed mTOR-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, AR-A014418-elicited ERK inactivation inhibited Mnk1-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation, which inhibited MCL1 mRNA translation in U937 cells. In contrast to GSK3α, GSK3β downregulation recapitulated the effect of AR-A014418 in U937 cells. Transfection of constitutively active GSK3β or cotransfection of constitutively activated MEK1 and Akt suppressed AR-A014418-induced MCL1 downregulation. Moreover, AR-A014418 sensitized U937 cells to ABT-263 (BCL2/BCL2L1 inhibitor) cytotoxicity owing to MCL1 suppression. Collectively, these results indicate that AR-A014418-induced GSK3β suppression inhibits ERK-Mnk1-eIF4E axis-modulated de novo MCL1 protein synthesis and thereby results in U937 cell apoptosis. Our findings also indicate a similar pathway underlying AR-A014418-induced death in human AML HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen R, Malagola E, Dietrich M, Zuellig R, Tschopp O, Bombardo M, Saponara E, Reding T, Myers S, Hills AP, Graf R, Sonda S. Akt1 signalling supports acinar proliferation and limits acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation upon induction of acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 2019; 250:42-54. [PMID: 31531867 DOI: 10.1002/path.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular signalling mediated by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt axis is a key regulator of cellular functions. Importantly, alteration of the PI3K-Akt signalling underlies the development of different human diseases, thus prompting the investigation of the pathway as a molecular target for pharmacologic intervention. In this regard, recent studies showed that small molecule inhibitors of PI3K, the upstream regulator of the pathway, reduced the development of inflammation during acute pancreatitis, a highly debilitating and potentially lethal disease. Here we investigated whether a specific reduction of Akt activity, by using either pharmacologic Akt inhibition, or genetic inactivation of the Akt1 isoform selectively in pancreatic acinar cells, is effective in ameliorating the onset and progression of the disease. We discovered that systemic reduction of Akt activity did not protect the pancreas from initial damage and only transiently delayed leukocyte recruitment. However, reduction of Akt activity decreased acinar proliferation and exacerbated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) formation, two critical events in the progression of pancreatitis. These phenotypes were recapitulated upon conditional inactivation of Akt1 in acinar cells, which resulted in reduced expression of 4E-BP1, a multifunctional protein of key importance in cell proliferation and metaplasia formation. Collectively, our results highlight the critical role played by Akt1 during the development of acute pancreatitis in the control of acinar cell proliferation and ADM formation. In addition, these results harbour important translational implications as they raise the concern that inhibitors of PI3K-Akt signalling pathways may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas. Finally, this work provides the basis for further investigating the potential of Akt1 activators to boost pancreatic regeneration following inflammatory insults. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maren Dietrich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Tschopp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Saponara
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Myers
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rutkovsky AC, Yeh ES, Guest ST, Findlay VJ, Muise-Helmericks RC, Armeson K, Ethier SP. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein as an oncogene in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:491. [PMID: 31122207 PMCID: PMC6533768 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein (EIF4EBP1, 4EBP1) is overexpressed in many human cancers including breast cancer, yet the role of 4EBP1 in breast cancer remains understudied. Despite the known role of 4EBP1 as a negative regulator of cap-dependent protein translation, 4EBP1 is predicted to be an essential driving oncogene in many cancer cell lines in vitro, and can act as a driver of cancer cell proliferation. EIF4EBP1 is located within the 8p11-p12 genomic locus, which is frequently amplified in breast cancer and is known to predict poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of 4EBP1 targeting using shRNA knock-down of expression of 4EBP1, as well as response to the mTORC targeted drug everolimus in cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes, including breast cancer cells with the 8p11-p12 amplicon, to better define a context and mechanism for oncogenic 4EBP1. RESULTS Using a genome-scale shRNA screen on the SUM panel of breast cancer cell lines, we found 4EBP1 to be a strong hit in the 8p11 amplified SUM-44 cells, which have amplification and overexpression of 4EBP1. We then found that knock-down of 4EBP1 resulted in dramatic reductions in cell proliferation in 8p11 amplified breast cancer cells as well as in other luminal breast cancer cell lines, but had little or no effect on the proliferation of immortalized but non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis of EIF4EBP1 expression in breast cancer patients demonstrated that overexpression of this gene was associated with reduced relapse free patient survival across all breast tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with an oncogenic role of 4EBP1 in luminal breast cancer and suggests a role for this protein in cell proliferation distinct from its more well-known role as a regulator of cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C. Rutkovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Stephen T. Guest
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Victoria J. Findlay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Robin C. Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 601, MSC 508, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, USA
| | - Stephen P. Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
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