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He S, Zhao T, Guo H, Meng Y, Qin G, Goukassian DA, Han J, Gao X, Zhu Y. Coordinated Activation of VEGF/VEGFR-2 and PPARδ Pathways by a Multi-Component Chinese Medicine DHI Accelerated Recovery from Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167305. [PMID: 27930695 PMCID: PMC5145164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) patients are at an increased risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Danhong injection (DHI) is a Chinese patent medicine widely used for several cardiovascular indications but the mechanism of action is not well-understood. We investigated the therapeutic potential of DHI on experimental PAD in mice with chemically induced as well as genetic (KKAy) type 2 DM and the overlapping signaling pathways regulating both therapeutic angiogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Compared with normal genetic background wild type (WT) mice, both DM mice showed impaired perfusion recovery in hind-limb ischemia (HLI) model. DHI treatment significantly accelerated perfusion recovery, lowered blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both DM models. Bioluminescent imaging demonstrated a continuous ischemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) gene expressions with a peak time coincident with the maximal DHI stimulation. Flow cytometry analysis showed a DHI-mediated increase in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization from bone marrow to circulating peripheral blood. DHI administration upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in ischemic muscle. A cross talk between ischemia-induced angiogenesis and glucose tolerance pathways was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) which suggested an interaction of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) genes. We confirmed that upregulation of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 by DHI promoted PPARδ gene expression in both type 2 diabetic mice. Our findings demonstrated that a multi-component Chinese medicine DHI effectively increased blood flow recovery after tissue ischemia in diabetic mice by promoting angiogenesis and improving glucose tolerance through a concomitant activation of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and PPARδ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiechan Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzhi Meng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Center of Biomedical Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jihong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuimei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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