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Liu L, Liu A, Dong J, Zuo Z, Liu X. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1 (PSMD1) facilitated the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by the de-ubiquitination and stability of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1). Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:113075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Araujo-Castro M, Pascual-Corrales E, Molina-Cerrillo J, Moreno Mata N, Alonso-Gordoa T. Bronchial Carcinoids: From Molecular Background to Treatment Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:520. [PMID: 35158788 PMCID: PMC8833538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the genetic and molecular background of bronchial carcinoids (BCs) would allow a better estimation of the risk of disease progression and the personalization of treatment in cases of advanced disease. Molecular studies confirmed that lungs neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are different entities; thus, no progression of NET to NEC is expected. In BCs, MEN1 gene mutations and deletions and decreased gene expression have been associated with a poor prognosis. ATRX mutation has also been linked to a shorter disease-specific survival. In terms of therapeutic targets, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mutations have been described in 13% of typical carcinoids (TCs) and 39% of atypical carcinoids (ACs), representing a targetable mutation with kinase inhibitors. Regarding treatment, surgical resection is usually curative in localized BCs and adjuvant treatment is not routinely recommended. Multiple options for systemic therapy exist for patients with advanced BCs, although limited by a heterogeneity in the scientific evidence behind their use recommendation. These options include somatostatin analogues, everolimus, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, antiangiogenic agents, and immunotherapy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review about the molecular and genetic background of BCs, and about the treatment of local and metastatic disease, as well as the main paraneoplastic syndromes that have been associated with this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRICYS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eider Pascual-Corrales
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRICYS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRICYS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Moreno Mata
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRICYS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Guo JY, Jing ZQ, Li XJ, Liu LY. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifying PSMB 1/2/3/4/6/8/9/10 as Prognostic Indicators in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:796-812. [PMID: 35693739 PMCID: PMC9149646 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.71152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer incidence has been increasing across the world, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the major subtype of renal cancer. The proteasome is involved in onset, metabolism and survival of tumor and has been recognized as a therapeutic target for various malignancies, while the role of β subunits of proteasome, PSMB gene family, in ccRCC has not been fully unveiled. Herein we investigated the expression and the prognostic role of PSMBs in ccRCC by analyzing a series of databases, including ONCOMINE, UALCAN, cBioPortal, STRING, GEPIA, GO and KEGG. Over-expressions of PSMB1/2/4/7/8/9/10 mRNA were found in ccRCC tissues compared to normal tissues, transcriptional levels of PSMB2/3/4/6/8/9/10 were significantly positively associated with patients' individual cancer stages and grades. Similar or higher levels of proteins encoded by PSMB1/2/3/7/8/9/10 were observed in tumor tissues compared to normal renal tissues. Further, high mRNA levels of PSMB1/2/3/4/6/10 were correlated with shorter overall survival in univariate analysis. Taken together, the results of our analysis implied that overexpression of PSMB1/2/3/4/6/8/9/10 were indicative of worse prognosis of ccRCC. However, further researches were required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zuo-Qian Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xue-Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Li-Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Chiao CC, Liu YH, Phan NN, An Ton NT, Ta HDK, Anuraga G, Minh Xuan DT, Fitriani F, Putri Hermanto EM, Athoillah M, Andriani V, Ajiningrum PS, Wu YF, Lee KH, Chuang JY, Wang CY, Kao TJ. Prognostic and Genomic Analysis of Proteasome 20S Subunit Alpha (PSMA) Family Members in Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122220. [PMID: 34943457 PMCID: PMC8699889 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of breast cancer includes many interacting biological processes, and proteasome alpha (PSMA) subunits are reported to be involved in many cancerous diseases, although the transcriptomic expression of this gene family in breast cancer still needs to be more thoroughly investigated. Consequently, we used a holistic bioinformatics approach to study the PSMA genes involved in breast cancer by integrating several well-established high-throughput databases and tools, such as cBioPortal, Oncomine, and the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Additionally, correlations of breast cancer patient survival and PSMA messenger RNA expressions were also studied. The results demonstrated that breast cancer tissues had higher expression levels of PSMA genes compared to normal breast tissues. Furthermore, PSMA2, PSMA3, PSMA4, PSMA6, and PSMA7 showed high expression levels, which were correlated with poor survival of breast cancer patients. In contrast, PSMA5 and PSMA8 had high expression levels, which were associated with good prognoses. We also found that PSMA family genes were positively correlated with the cell cycle, ubiquinone metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune response signaling, including antigen presentation by major histocompatibility class, interferon-gamma, and the cluster of differentiation signaling. Collectively, these findings suggest that PSMA genes have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Nevertheless, the bioinformatic results from the present study would be strengthened with experimental validation in the future by prospective studies on the underlying biological mechanisms of PSMA genes and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chieh Chiao
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (H.D.K.T.); (G.A.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
| | - Yen-Hsi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.P.); (N.T.A.T.)
| | - Nu Thuy An Ton
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.P.); (N.T.A.T.)
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (H.D.K.T.); (G.A.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (H.D.K.T.); (G.A.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (F.F.); (E.M.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
| | - Fenny Fitriani
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (F.F.); (E.M.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Elvira Mustikawati Putri Hermanto
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (F.F.); (E.M.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Athoillah
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (F.F.); (E.M.P.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Vivin Andriani
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (V.A.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Purity Sabila Ajiningrum
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia; (V.A.); (P.S.A.)
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (H.D.K.T.); (G.A.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (H.D.K.T.); (G.A.); (K.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (D.T.M.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.W.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.W.); (T.-J.K.)
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PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:693-703. [PMID: 33954843 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis to deteriorate heart function. Thus, how to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the focus of recent researches. Proteasome family member PSMB4 (proteasome subunit beta type-4) promotes cell survival. The relationship between PSMB4 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial I/R is unknown. In this study, PSMB4 expression increased in rat myocardial I/R model, positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 expression, negatively correlated with Bcl-2 expression. In vitro, neonatal ventricle cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed to mimic myocardial I/R. PSMB4 silence promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, inhibited the activation of NF-κB. On the contrary, PSMB4 overexpession inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and IκBα expression, promoted the activation of NF-κB. Additionally, PSMB4-IκBα interaction was identified, suggesting that PSMB4 might participate in the proteasome dependent degradation of IκBα. The data indicates that PSMB4 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating NF-κB signaling pathway during myocardial I/R, which can supply novel molecular target for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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PSMA5 promotes the tumorigenic process of prostate cancer and is related to bortezomib resistance. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:e0773. [PMID: 30807553 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome α5 subunit (PSMA5) is related to poor prognosis in various cancers. The first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, induces apoptosis, suppressing cell growth in many tumor types. However, the effects of PSMA5 and bortezomib in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether PSMA5 is associated with the tumorigenic progression and the interaction of PSMA5 with bortezomib in PCa. We knocked down PSMA5 with siRNA and studied the changes in cell viability and motility with Cell Counting Kit-8, quantitative PCR, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, scratch, and invasion assays. We also investigated the effect of PSMA5 in PCa cells treated with bortezomib and in those that are resistant to bortezomib. We found that silencing PSMA5 inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, restricted cell migration and invasion, and demonstrated a coordinated effect with bortezomib. Cells resistant to bortezomib gained sensitivity to bortezomib after PSMA5 was knocked down. Our results show, for the first time, that PSMA5 promotes the tumorigenic process of PCa and is linked to bortezomib resistance.
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Ahmad S, Arif B, Akram Z, Ahmed MW, Khan AU, Hussain MZ, Rahman F, Kayani MA, Mahjabeen I. Association of intronic polymorphisms (rs1549339, rs13402242) and mRNA expression variations in PSMD1 gene in arsenic-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11425-11437. [PMID: 31965495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) gene, PSMD1, is an important gene for neutralization of damaged and misfolded protein(s). The current study was designed to study the genetic and expression variations of PSMD1 gene as a consequence of arsenic exposure and its potential implications in arsenic induced diseases. In the present study, 250 blood samples of exposed industrial workers along with 250 controls were used. Initially, tetra amplification refractory mutation system-PCR was used to determine the role of PSMD1 gene polymorphisms (rs1549339, rs13402242) in industrial workers and controls. Frequency of homozygous mutant genotype of rs1549339 (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.51-3.32, p = 0.0001) and rs13402242 (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.52-5.75, p = 0.001) was observed significantly higher in exposed individuals vs controls. Secondly, qPCR was performed for expression analysis of PSMD1 gene. Significant down-regulated expression of PSMD1 gene (p < 0.0001) was observed vs controls, and this down-regulation was observed more pronounced in smokers (p < 0.0001) with maximum exposure duration (p < 0.0008). This down-regulated expression was observed significantly more pronounced in welding (p < 0.004) and brick kiln industries (p < 0.04) compared to other selected industries. The obtained results suggest that the exposure to arsenic may have an increased risk of developing disease(s) because of arsenic-induced PSMD1 variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqiba Ahmad
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Arif
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zertashia Akram
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmed
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Faisal Rahman
- Federal Govt Education Institution, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Chak shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abstract
Proteasomes are large, multicatalytic protein complexes that cleave cellular proteins into peptides. There are many distinct forms of proteasomes that differ in catalytically active subunits, regulatory subunits, and associated proteins. Proteasome inhibitors are an important class of drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, and they are being investigated for other diseases. Bortezomib (Velcade) was the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Carfilzomib (Kyprolis) and ixazomib (Ninlaro) have recently been approved, and more drugs are in development. While the primary mechanism of action is inhibition of the proteasome, the downstream events that lead to selective cell death are not entirely clear. Proteasome inhibitors have been found to affect protein turnover but at concentrations that are much higher than those achieved clinically, raising the possibility that some of the effects of proteasome inhibitors are mediated by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd D. Fricker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Zhou DM, Liu J, Liu F, Luo GW, Li HT, Zhang R, Chen BL, Hua W. A novel FoxM1-PSMB4 axis contributes to proliferation and progression of cervical cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:746-752. [PMID: 31699366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The abnormally high activity of the proteasome system is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. PSMB4 is a non-catalytic subunit for the proteasome assembly. Although the reports from genetic screening have demonstrated it's a driver gene for cell growth in several types of solid tumor, its expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms in malignant diseases are still elusive. Here, we found that PSMB4 is overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues. And knockdown of PSMB4 significantly inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation. The mechanistic study revealed that FoxM1, a master regulator of cell division, binds directly to the promoter region of PSMB4 and regulates the PSMB4 expression in the mRNA level. In addition, the data analysis from TCGA showed a positive correlation between FxoM1 and PSMB4 in cervical cancer. Furthermore, the loss of functional and rescue experiments confirmed that PSMB4 is required for FoxM1-driven cervical cancer cell proliferation. Collectively, our study explains the phenomenon of dysregulated expression of PSMB4 in cervical cancer tissues and verifies its driver effect on cancer cell proliferation. More importantly, it highlights a FoxM1-PSMB4 axis could be a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Bi-Liang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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Walter RFH, Sydow SR, Berg E, Kollmeier J, Christoph DC, Christoph S, Eberhardt WEE, Mairinger T, Wohlschlaeger J, Schmid KW, Mairinger FD. Bortezomib sensitivity is tissue dependent and high expression of the 20S proteasome precludes good response in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8711-8720. [PMID: 31576173 PMCID: PMC6765394 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bortezomib is an approved proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of certain lymphoma subtypes. Two clinical trials investigated bortezomib in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and failed to improve outcome. We present a potential explanation for this event. Methods 171 patients with MPM were analyzed for their mRNA expression of proteasomal subunits PSMA1, PSMA5, PSMB1, PSMB2, PSMB4 and PSMB5 via qPCR (n=84) or sequencing (n=87 TCGA/cBioPortal data set “Mesothelioma”). Outcome and subunit expression were correlated. Four mesothelial and one fibroblast cell line were treated with bortezomib and cisplatin. Cellular response was measured after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Enzyme activity of proteasomal subunits was assessed via functional enzyme activity assays. Results Patients with MPM presented with elevated expression of proteasomal subunits compared to benign controls (p<0.001). PSMB4 correlated with outcome (Cox propotiortional-hazards model (COXPH): p<0.0175, TCGA/cBioPortal data). In cell lines, apoptosis was the main event with a peak after 48 hr incubation for bortezomib or cisplatin. Only two cell lines with comparably low proteasome activity (PSMB2 and PSMB5) responded to 50 nM and 100 nM bortezomib better than to cisplatin (MRC-5, NCI-H2052). MSTO-211H responded to cisplatin only, whereas the other two cell lines were considered therapy resistant (Met-5A, NCI-H2452). Interpretation Two clinical trials testing bortezomib in MPM failed, although MPM presents with high proteasome expression, which predicts bortezomib sensitivity in several tumors. Bortezomib induced apoptosis in MPM cell lines with low proteasome activity only. Bortezomib is not suitable for the treatment of MPM, and biomarker-based stratification could have improved both clinical trials. Trial registration NCT00513877 and NCT00458913
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Erika Berg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil Von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Christian Christoph
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Internistic Oncology, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Christoph
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil Von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Santos M, Fidalgo A, Varanda AS, Oliveira C, Santos MAS. tRNA Deregulation and Its Consequences in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:853-865. [PMID: 31248782 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is deregulated in cancer cells but the mechanisms and functional meaning of such deregulation are poorly understood. The proteome of cancer cells is not fully encoded by their transcriptome, however, the contribution of mRNA translation to such diversity remains to be elucidated. We review data supporting the hypothesis that tRNA expression deregulation and translational error rate is an important contributor to proteome diversity and cell population heterogeneity, genome instability, and drug resistance in tumors. This hypothesis is aligned with recent data in various model organisms, showing unanticipated adaptive roles of translational errors (adaptive mistranslation), expression control of specific gene subsets by tRNAs, and proteome diversification by elevation of translational error rates in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Santos
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Sofia Varanda
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A S Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Li Y, Huang J, Sun J, Xiang S, Yang D, Ying X, Lu M, Li H, Ren G. The transcription levels and prognostic values of seven proteasome alpha subunits in human cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4501-4519. [PMID: 27966459 PMCID: PMC5354849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome alpha subunits (PSMAs) have been shown to participate in the malignant progression of human cancers. However, the expression patterns and prognostic values of individual PSMAs remain elusive in most cancers. In the present study, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of seven PSMAs in different kinds of cancers using Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The prognostic significance of PSMAs was also determined by Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PrognScan databases. Combined with Oncomine and TCGA, the mRNA expression levels of PSMA1-7 were significantly upregulated in breast, lung, gastric, bladder and head and neck cancer compared with normal tissues. Moreover, only PSMA6 and PSMA5 were not overexpressed in colorectal and kidney cancer, respectively. In survival analyses based on Kaplan-Meier Plotter, PSMA1-7 showed significant prognostic values in breast, lung and gastric cancer. Furthermore, potential correlations between PSMAs and survival outcomes were also observed in ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma by Kaplan-Meier Plotter and PrognScan. These data indicated that PSMAs might serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for multiple human cancers. However, further studies are needed to explore the detailed biological functions and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shili Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuedong Ying
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Walter RFH, Mairinger FD, Werner R, Vollbrecht C, Hager T, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J, Christoph DC. Folic-acid metabolism and DNA-repair phenotypes differ between neuroendocrine lung tumors and associate with aggressive subtypes, therapy resistance and outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20166-79. [PMID: 27064343 PMCID: PMC4991445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose 25% of all lung cancer cases are neuroendocrine (NELC) including typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine (LCNEC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Prognostic and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Experimental Design Sixty patients were used for nCounter mRNA expression analysis of the folic-acid metabolism (ATIC, DHFR, FOLR1, FPGS, GART, GGT1, SLC19A1, TYMS) and DNA-repair (ERCC1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, XRCC1). Phenotypic classification classified tumors (either below or above the median expression level) with respect to the folic acid metabolism or DNA repair. Results Expression of FOLR1, FPGS, MLH1 and TYMS (each p<0.0001) differed significantly between all four tumor types. FOLR1 and FPGS associated with tumor differentiation (both p<0.0001), spread to regional lymph nodes (FOLR1 p=0.0001 and FPGS p=0.0038), OS and PFS (FOLR1 p<0.0050 for both and FPGS p<0.0004 for OS). Phenotypic sorting revealed the Ft-phenotype to be the most prominent expression profile in carcinoids, whereas SCLC presented nearly univocal with the fT and LCNEC with fT or ft. These results were significant for tumor subtype (p<0.0001). Conclusions The assessed biomarkers and phenotypes allow for risk stratification (OS, PFS), diagnostic classification and enhance the biological understanding of the different subtypes of neuroendocrine tumors revealing potential new therapy options and clarifying known resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik Essen, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Dominik Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Ev.-Luth. Diakonissenkrankenhaus Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Christian Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Yang Q, Roehrl MH, Wang JY. Proteomic profiling of antibody-inducing immunogens in tumor tissue identifies PSMA1, LAP3, ANXA3, and maspin as colon cancer markers. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3996-4019. [PMID: 29423100 PMCID: PMC5790517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that cancer tissue immunogens - antigens capable of inducing specific antibody production in patients - are promising targets for development of precision diagnostics and humoral immunotherapies. We developed an innovative immuno-proteomic strategy and identified new immunogenic markers of colon cancer. Proteins from cancers and matched normal tissues were separated by 2D gel electrophoresis and blotted with serum antibodies from the same patients. Antibody-reactive proteins were sequenced by mass spectrometry and validated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 170 serum antibody-reactive proteins were identified only in cancerous but not matched normal. Among these, proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSA1), leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3), annexin A3 (ANXA3), and maspin (serpin B5) were reproducibly found in tissues from three patients. Differential expression patterns were confirmed in samples from eight patients with various stages of colon adenocarcinoma and liver metastases. These tumor-resident proteins and/or their associated serum antibodies may be promising markers for colon cancer screening and early diagnosis. Furthermore, tumor tissue-specific antibodies could potentially be exploited as immunotherapeutic targets against cancer. More generally, proteomic profiling of antibody-inducing cancer-associated immunogens represents a powerful generic method for uncovering the tumor antigen-ome, i.e., the totality of immunogenic tumor-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael H Roehrl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Y Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Curandis, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Proteolytic systems' expression during myogenesis and transcriptional regulation by amino acids in gilthead sea bream cultured muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187339. [PMID: 29261652 PMCID: PMC5737955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic systems exert an important role in vertebrate muscle controlling protein turnover, recycling of amino acids (AA) or its use for energy production, as well as other functions like myogenesis. In fish, proteolytic systems are crucial for the relatively high muscle somatic index they possess, and because protein is the most important dietary component. Thus in this study, the molecular profile of proteolytic markers (calpains, cathepsins and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UbP) members) were analyzed during gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) myogenesis in vitro and under different AA treatments. The gene expression of calpains (capn1, capn3 and capns1b) decreased progressively during myogenesis together with the proteasome member n3; whereas capn2, capns1a, capns1b and ubiquitin (ub) remained stable. Contrarily, the cathepsin D (ctsd) paralogs and E3 ubiquitin ligases mafbx and murf1, showed a significant peak in gene expression at day 8 of culture that slightly decreased afterwards. Moreover, the protein expression analyzed for selected molecules presented in general the same profile of the mRNA levels, which was confirmed by correlation analysis. These data suggest that calpains seem to be more important during proliferation, while cathepsins and the UbP system appear to be required for myogenic differentiation. Concerning the transcriptional regulation by AA, the recovery of their levels after a short starvation period did not show effects on cathepsins expression, whereas it down-regulated the expression of capn3, capns1b, mafbx, murf1 and up-regulated n3. With regards to AA deficiencies, the major changes occurred at day 2, when leucine limitation suppressed ctsb and ctsl expression. Besides at the same time, both leucine and lysine deficiencies increased the expression of mafbx and murf1 and decreased that of n3. Overall, the opposite nutritional regulation observed, especially for the UbP members, points out an efficient and complementary role of these factors that could be useful in gilthead sea bream diets optimization.
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16
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Zhang X, Lin D, Lin Y, Chen H, Zou M, Zhong S, Yi X, Han S. Proteasome beta-4 subunit contributes to the development of melanoma and is regulated by miR-148b. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705767. [PMID: 28656878 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome beta-4 subunit is required for the assembly of 20S proteasome complex, forming a pivotal component for the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Emerging evidence indicates that proteasome beta-4 subunit may be involved in underlying progression and mechanisms of malignancies. However, the role of proteasome beta-4 subunit in melanoma is currently unknown. Here, we reported that proteasome beta-4 subunit was markedly upregulated in human melanoma tissues and cells, compared with normal skin samples. High proteasome beta-4 subunit levels were significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with melanoma. Proteasome beta-4 subunit knockdown strongly decreased melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We further identified miR-148b as a negative regulator of proteasome beta-4 subunit. Enforced expression of miR-148b resulted in vitro growth inhibition of melanoma cells, whereas this inhibition was further abolished by enforced expression of proteasome beta-4 subunit. Our findings, for the first time, indicated that the miR-148b/proteasome beta-4 subunit axis contributed to the development of melanoma, revealing novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- 1 Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Di Lin
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yueqin Lin
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongqing Chen
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Minghua Zou
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yi
- 2 Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial Si'an Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Siqi Han
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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17
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Kakumu T, Sato M, Goto D, Kato T, Yogo N, Hase T, Morise M, Fukui T, Yokoi K, Sekido Y, Girard L, Minna JD, Byers LA, Heymach JV, Coombes KR, Kondo M, Hasegawa Y. Identification of proteasomal catalytic subunit PSMA6 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:732-743. [PMID: 28165654 PMCID: PMC5406588 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer, we performed semi‐genome‐wide shRNA screening combined with the utilization of genome‐wide expression and copy number data. shRNA screening targeting 5043 genes in NCI‐H460 identified 51 genes as candidates. Pathway analysis revealed that the 51 genes were enriched for the five pathways, including ribosome, proteasome, RNA polymerase, pyrimidine metabolism and spliceosome pathways. We focused on the proteasome pathway that involved six candidate genes because its activation has been demonstrated in diverse human malignancies, including lung cancer. Microarray expression and array CGH data showed that PSMA6, a proteasomal subunit of a 20S catalytic core complex, was highly expressed in lung cancer cell lines, with recurrent gene amplifications in some cases. Therefore, we further examined the roles of PSMA6 in lung cancer. Silencing of PSMA6 induced apoptosis or G2/M cell cycle arrest in cancer cell lines but not in an immortalized normal lung cell line. These results suggested that PSMA6 serves as an attractive target with a high therapeutic index for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Kakumu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiki Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yogo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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ACTB, CDKN1B, GAPDH, GRB2, RHOA and SDCBP Were Identified as Reference Genes in Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer via the nCounter Technology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165181. [PMID: 27802291 PMCID: PMC5089548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine lung cancer (NELC) represents 25% of all lung cancer cases and large patient collectives exist as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue only. FFPE is controversially discussed as source for molecular biological analyses and reference genes for NELC are poorly establishes. Material and methods Forty-three representative FFPE-specimens were used for mRNA expression analysis using the digital nCounter technology (NanoString). Based on recent literature, a total of 91 mRNA targets were investigated as potential tumor markers or reference genes. The geNorm, NormFinder algorithms and coefficient of correlation were used to identify the most stable reference genes. Statistical analysis was performed by using the R programming environment (version 3.1.1) Results RNA integrity (RIN) ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 and concentrations from 34 to 2,109 ng/μl. However, the nCounter technology gave evaluable results for all samples tested. ACTB, CDKN1B, GAPDH, GRB2, RHOA and SDCBP were identified as constantly expressed genes with high stability (M-)values according to geNorm, NormFinder and coefficients of correlation. Conclusion FFPE-derived mRNA is suitable for molecular biological investigations via the nCounter technology, although it is highly degraded. ACTB, CDKN1B, GAPDH, GRB2, RHOA and SDCBP are potent reference genes in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung.
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19
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Cives M, Simone V, Rizzo FM, Silvestris F. NETs: organ-related epigenetic derangements and potential clinical applications. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57414-57429. [PMID: 27418145 PMCID: PMC5302998 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput next-generation sequencing methods have recently provided a detailed picture of the genetic landscape of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), revealing recurrent mutations of chromatin-remodeling genes and little-to-no pathogenetic role for oncogenes commonly mutated in cancer. Concurrently, multiple epigenetic modifications have been described across the whole spectrum of NETs, and their putative function as tumorigenic drivers has been envisaged. As result, it is still unclear whether or not NETs are epigenetically-driven, rather than genetically-induced malignancies. Although the NET epigenome profiling has led to the identification of molecularly-distinct tumor subsets, validation studies in larger cohorts of patients are needed to translate the use of NET epitypes in clinical practice. In the precision medicine era, recognition of subpopulations of patients more likely to respond to therapeutic agents is critical, and future studies testing epigenetic biomarkers are therefore awaited. Restoration of the aberrant chromatin remodeling machinery is an attractive approach for future treatment of cancer and in several hematological malignancies a few epigenetic agents have been already approved. Although clinical outcomes of epigenetic therapies in NETs have been disappointing so far, further clinical trials are required to investigate the efficacy of these drugs. In this context, given the immune-stimulating effects of epidrugs, combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors should be tested. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes in both hereditary and sporadic NETs of the gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial tract, focusing on their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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20
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Caputi FF, Carboni L, Mazza D, Candeletti S, Romualdi P. Cocaine and ethanol target 26S proteasome activity and gene expression in neuroblastoma cells. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 161:265-75. [PMID: 26922280 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol and cocaine are widely abused drugs triggering long-lasting changes in neuronal circuits and synaptic transmission through the regulation of enzyme activity and gene expression. Compelling evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in the molecular changes induced by addictive substances, impacting on several mechanisms implicated in abuse. The goal of these studies was to evaluate the effects of cocaine or ethanol on proteasome activity in neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, the gene expression of specific subunits was assessed. METHODS Chymotrypsin-like activity was measured after 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h exposure to 5 μM cocaine or 40 mM ethanol. Proteasome subunit transcripts were evaluated by qPCR at the same time-points. RESULTS Treatments modified proteasome function in opposite directions, since cocaine increased and ethanol reduced chymotrypsin-like activity. Interestingly, we observed gene expression alterations induced by these drugs. In the core particle, the β1 and α5 subunits were mainly up-regulated by cocaine, whereas α6 transcripts were mostly decreased. β2 and β5 did not change. Similarly, ethanol exposure generally increased β1 and α5 mRNAs. Moreover, the β2 subunit was significantly up-regulated by ethanol only. The β5 and α6 subunits were not altered. In the regulatory particle, Rpt3 was increased by cocaine exposure, whereas it was reduced by ethanol. No significant Rpn9 alterations were observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that addictive substances regulate proteasome function, contributing to the dysregulations related to drug abuse since the availability of adequate subunit amounts is necessary for proper complex assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Mazza
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Zarogoulidis P, Pitsiou G, Linsmeier B, Tsavlis D, Kioumis I, Papadaki E, Freitag L, Tsiouda T, Turner JF, Browning R, Simoff M, Sachpekidis N, Tsakiridis K, Zaric B, Yarmus L, Baka S, Stratakos G, Rittger H. Drug Eluting Stents for Malignant Airway Obstruction: A Critical Review of the Literature. J Cancer 2016; 7:377-90. [PMID: 26918052 PMCID: PMC4749359 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer being the most prevalent malignancy in men and the 3(rd) most frequent in women is still associated with dismal prognosis due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Novel targeted therapies are already on the market and several others are under investigation. However non-specific cytotoxic agents still remain the cornerstone of treatment for many patients. Central airways stenosis or obstruction may often complicate and decrease quality of life and survival of these patients. Interventional pulmonology modalities (mainly debulking and stent placement) can alleviate symptoms related to airways stenosis and improve the quality of life of patients. Mitomycin C and sirolimus have been observed to assist a successful stent placement by reducing granuloma tissue formation. Additionally, these drugs enhance the normal tissue ability against cancer cell infiltration. In this mini review we will concentrate on mitomycin C and sirolimus and their use in stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bernd Linsmeier
- 3. Department of General Surgery, Coburg Clinic, Coburg, Germany
| | - Drosos Tsavlis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadaki
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lutz Freitag
- 4. Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University of Essen-Duisburg, Tueschener Weg 40, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Francis Turner
- 5. Division of Interventional Pulmonology & Medical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Western Regional Medical Center, Goodyear, AZ
| | - Robert Browning
- 6. Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology, National Naval Medical Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, U.S.A
| | - Michael Simoff
- 7. Bronchoscopy and Interventional Pulmonology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, MI, USA
| | - Nikolaos Sachpekidis
- 8. Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, ``Saint Luke`` Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 8. Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, ``Saint Luke`` Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Bojan Zaric
- 9. Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic for Thoracic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- 10. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Cardiovascular & Critical Care Tower, Baltimore, U.S.A
| | - Sofia Baka
- 11. Oncology Department, ``Interbalkan`` European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris Stratakos
- 12. 1st Respiratory Medicine Department of National University of Athens, "Sotiria" General Hospital Athens, Greece
| | - Harald Rittger
- 1. Medical Clinic I, ''Fuerth'' Hospital, University of Erlangen, Fuerth, Germany
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22
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Liu R, Lu S, Deng Y, Yang S, He S, Cai J, Qiang F, Chen C, Zhang W, Zhao S, Qian L, Mao G, Wang Y. PSMB4 expression associates with epithelial ovarian cancer growth and poor prognosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 293:1297-307. [PMID: 26439929 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the expression and role of PSMB4 in human epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC). METHODS Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of PSMB4 in EOC tissues, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 115 cases of ovarian cancers. Then, we used Fisher exact test to analyze the correlation between PSMB4 and clinicopathological parameters. Starvation and re-feeding assay was used to assess cell cycle. CCK-8 assay and plate colony formation assay showed the influence of PSMB4 on proliferation of EOC cells. RESULTS The expression of PSMB4 in EOC tissues was higher than normal ovary tissues and was significantly associated with clinical pathologic variables. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high expression of PSMB4 was related to poor prognosis of EOC patients. Starvation and re-feeding assay suggested that PSMB4 played a critical role in EOC cell proliferation. CCK-8 assay and plate colony formation assay showed that EOC cells treated with PSMB4-siRNA reduced cell proliferation of EOC cells. Additionally, PSMB4 knockdown decreased NF-κB activity. PSMB4 also regulated the expression of NF-κB mediated proteins, including cyclin D1, and cyclin E which involved in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implied that PSMB4 is involved in the progression of EOC and could serve as potential therapeutical target of EOC. These data suggested that PSMB4 may promote cell proliferation via the NF-κB-target gene in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Qiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Up-regulation of PSMB4 is associated with neuronal apoptosis after neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:457-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Zheng P, Guo H, Li G, Han S, Luo F, Liu Y. PSMB4 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth by activating NF-κB-miR-21 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:328-33. [PMID: 25656574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomal subunit PSMB4, was recently identified as potential cancer driver genes in several tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of PSMB4 on carcinogenesis process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of PSMB4 in multiple myeloma (MM). We found a significant up-regulation of PSMB4 in MM plasma and cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of PSMB4 promoted cell growth and colony forming ability of MM cells, whereas inhibition of PSMB4 led to a decrease of such events. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the up-regulation of miR-21 and a positive correlation between the levels of miR-21 and PSMB4 in MM. Re-expression of miR-21 markedly rescued PSMB4 knockdown-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and clone-formation. Additionally, while enforced expression of PSMB4 profoundly increased NF-κB activity and the level of miR-21, PSMB4 knockdown or NF-κB inhibition suppressed miR-21 expression in MM cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PSMB4 regulated MM cell growth in part by activating NF-κB-miR-21 signaling, which may represent promising targets for novel specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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