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Bicer M. Revolutionizing dermatology: harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and exosomes in 3D platform for skin regeneration. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:242. [PMID: 38795200 PMCID: PMC11127839 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary trends reveal an escalating interest in regenerative medicine-based interventions for addressing refractory skin defects. Conventional wound healing treatments, characterized by high costs and limited efficacy, necessitate a more efficient therapeutic paradigm to alleviate the economic and psychological burdens associated with chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) constitute cell-based therapies, whereas cell-free approaches predominantly involve the utilization of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, both purportedly safe and effective. Exploiting the impact of MSCs by paracrine signaling, exosomes have emerged as a novel avenue capable of positively impacting wound healing and skin regeneration. MSC-exosomes confer several advantages, including the facilitation of angiogenesis, augmentation of cell proliferation, elevation of collagen production, and enhancement of tissue regenerative capacity. Despite these merits, challenges persist in clinical applications due to issues such as poor targeting and facile removal of MSC-derived exosomes from skin wounds. Addressing these concerns, a three-dimensional (3D) platform has been implemented to emend exosomes, allowing for elevated levels, and constructing more stable granules possessing distinct therapeutic capabilities. Incorporating biomaterials to encapsulate MSC-exosomes emerges as a favorable approach, concentrating doses, achieving intended therapeutic effectiveness, and ensuring continual release. While the therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes in skin repair is broadly recognized, their application with 3D biomaterial scenarios remains underexplored. This review synthesizes the therapeutic purposes of MSCs and exosomes in 3D for the skin restoration, underscoring their promising role in diverse dermatological conditions. Further research may establish MSCs and their exosomes in 3D as a viable therapeutic option for various skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey.
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Nair S, Razo-Azamar M, Jayabalan N, Dalgaard LT, Palacios-González B, Sørensen A, Kampmann U, Handberg A, Carrion F, Salomon C. Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:86-98. [PMID: 38233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Li X, Zhang D, Yu Y, Wang L, Zhao M. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome promotes skin regeneration and rejuvenation: From mechanism to therapeutics. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13586. [PMID: 38148579 PMCID: PMC10984109 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
How to effectively repair cutaneous wounds and promote skin rejuvenation has always been a challenging issue for clinical medicine and medical aesthetics. Current conventional medicines exhibit several drawbacks, including limited therapeutic effects, prolonged treatment periods, and high costs. As a novel cell-free therapy, the umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) secretome may offer a promising approach for skin regeneration and rejuvenation. The UCMSC secretome is a collection of all proteins secreted by mesenchymal stem cells, including conditioned media, exosomes, and other substances. The UCMSC secretome has numerous abilities to accelerate acute wound healing, including high fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferative activity, pro-angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidative stress. Its impact on the four stages of wound healing is manifested by inducing the haemostasis phase, inhibiting the inflammation phase, promoting the proliferation phase, and regulating the remodelling phase. Furthermore, it is highly effective in the treatment of chronic wounds, alopecia, aging, and skin homeostasis disturbance. This review focuses on the clinical therapies and application prospects of the UCMSC secretome, encompassing its source, culture, separation, identification, storage, and pretreatment. Additionally, a discussion on the dosage, administration route, efficacy, and biosafety in the clinical situation is presented. This review aims to provide scientific support for the mechanistic investigation and clinical utilisation of the UCMSC secretome in wound healing and skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixian Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Research and Teaching Department of Comparative MedicineDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Muxin Zhao
- Department of Plastic SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
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Bayes-Genis A, Gastelurrutia P, Monguió-Tortajada M, Cámara ML, Prat-Vidal C, Cediel G, Rodríguez-Gómez L, Teis A, Revuelta-López E, Ferrer-Curriu G, Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C, Bisbal F, Vives J, Vilarrodona A, Muñoz-Guijosa C, Querol S. Implantation of a double allogeneic human engineered tissue graft on damaged heart: insights from the PERISCOPE phase I clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105060. [PMID: 38490102 PMCID: PMC10955661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical studies, the use of double allogeneic grafts has shown promising results in promoting tissue revascularization, reducing infarct size, preventing adverse remodelling and fibrosis, and ultimately enhancing cardiac function. Building upon these findings, the safety of PeriCord, an engineered tissue graft consisting of a decellularised pericardial matrix and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells, was evaluated in the PERISCOPE Phase I clinical trial (NCT03798353), marking its first application in human subjects. METHODS This was a double-blind, single-centre trial that enrolled patients with non-acute myocardial infarction eligible for surgical revascularization. Seven patients were implanted with PeriCord while five served as controls. FINDINGS Patients who received PeriCord showed no adverse effects during post-operative phase and one-year follow-up. No significant changes in secondary outcomes, such as quality of life or cardiac function, were found in patients who received PeriCord. However, PeriCord did modulate the kinetics of circulating monocytes involved in post-infarction myocardial repair towards non-classical inflammation-resolving macrophages, as well as levels of monocyte chemoattractants and the prognostic marker Meteorin-like in plasma following treatment. INTERPRETATION In summary, the PeriCord graft has exhibited a safe profile and notable immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, further research is required to fully unlock its potential as a platform for managing inflammatory-related pathologies. FUNDING This work was supported in part by grants from MICINN (SAF2017-84324-C2-1-R); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICI19/00039 and Red RICORS-TERAV RD21/0017/0022, and CIBER Cardiovascular CB16/11/00403) as a part of the Plan Nacional de I + D + I, and co-funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and AGAUR (2021-SGR-01437).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain.
| | - Paloma Gastelurrutia
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Cámara
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - German Cediel
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Albert Teis
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain
| | | | - Santiago Roura
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Victoria, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain
| | - Felipe Bisbal
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilarrodona
- Barcelona Tissue Bank (BTB), Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Muñoz-Guijosa
- Heart Institute and Heart Failure Unit (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Querol
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
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Karimi M, Mosaddad SA, Aghili SS, Dortaj H, Hashemi SS, Kiany F. Attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts seeded on barrier membranes using Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells conditioned medium: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35368. [PMID: 38247251 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The effect of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (WJMSCs-CM) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on cultured human gingival fibroblasts on various barrier membranes was investigated in this study. In this study, human gingival fibroblasts were prepared and cultured on three membranes: collagen membrane, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with ZnO-NPs, and ADM without ZnO-NPs. WJMSCs-CM was given to the testing groups, while control groups received the same membranes without WJMSCs-CM. Following 48 and 72 h, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were performed to assess cell survival. Cell proliferation on the membranes was also evaluated using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining after 48 and 72 h. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to determine membrane surface structure and cell adhesion. Nanoparticles were also subjected to an energy-dispersive x-ray analysis to identify their chemical structure. Two-way analysis of variance was used to conduct the statistical analysis. The p-value ≤.05 was considered significant. When ADM-ZnO-NPs were combined with CM, fibroblast viability, and adhesion significantly differed from ADM-ZnO-NPs alone. DAPI results confirmed cell proliferation in all six groups on both experiment days. The abundance and concentrated distribution of cells during cell proliferation were found in CM-containing membranes, specifically the ADM-ZnO-NPs membrane, demonstrating the improved biocompatibility of the ADM-ZnO-NPs membrane for cell proliferation. The other groups did not significantly differ from one another. WJMSCs-CM positively affected the viability and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, but only marginally. Under certain conditions, ZnO-NPs below a specific concentration increased the biocompatibility of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Bucofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seyedeh Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farin Kiany
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li ZH, Wang JY, Li XL, Meng SB, Zheng HY, Wang JL, Lei ZY, Lin BL, Zhang J. Mesenchymal stem cell-regulated miRNA-mRNA landscape in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Genomics 2023; 115:110737. [PMID: 37926353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a major challenge in the field of hepatology. While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with ACLF, the molecular mechanisms through which MSCs attenuate ACLF remain poorly understood. We performed global miRNA and mRNA expression profiling via next-generation sequencing of liver tissues from MSC-treated ACLF mice to identify important signaling pathways and major factors implicated in ACLF alleviation by MSCs. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride-induced ACLF mice were treated with saline or mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs. Mouse livers were subjected to miRNA and mRNA sequencing. Related signal transduction pathways were obtained through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and immune infiltration analyses were performed for the differentially expressed miRNA target genes (DETs). Hub miRNA and mRNA associated with liver injury were analyzed using LASSO regression. The expression levels of hub genes were subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis and verified using RT-qPCR. The biological functions of hub genes were verified in vitro. RESULTS The tricarboxylic acid cycle and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways were activated in the MSC-treated groups. The proportions of liver-infiltrating NK resting cells, M2 macrophages, follicular helper T cells, and other immune cells were altered after MSC treatment. The expression levels of six miRNAs and 10 transcripts correlated with the degree of liver injury. miR-27a-5p was downregulated in the mouse liver after MSC treatment, while its target gene E2f2 was upregulated. miR-27a-5p inhibited E2F2 expression, suppressed G1/S phase transition and proliferation of hepatocytes, in addition to promoting their apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in the liver tissue of ACLF mice after MSC treatment. The results revealed global changes in hepatic pathways and immune subpopulations. The miR-27a-5p/E2F2 axis emerged as a central regulator of the MSC-induced attenuation of ACLF. The current findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which MSCs alleviate ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Long Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing-Liang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Clos-Sansalvador M, Monguió-Tortajada M, Grau-Leal F, Ruiz de Porras V, Garcia SG, Sanroque-Muñoz M, Font-Morón M, Franquesa M, Borràs FE. Agarose spot migration assay to measure the chemoattractant potential of extracellular vesicles: applications in regenerative medicine and cancer metastasis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37884994 PMCID: PMC10605981 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of effector cells is one of the novel functions described for extracellular vesicles (EVs) that needs further study. For instance, cell recruitment by mesenchymal stromal cell derived-EVs (MSC-EVs) is one of the features by which MSC-EVs may induce regeneration and ameliorate tissue injury. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that cancer EVs play an important role in the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) by recruiting their primary tumour cells. Understanding and measuring the potential of MSC-EVs or cancer-EVs to induce cell migration and recruitment is essential for cell-free therapeutic approaches and/or for a better knowledge of cancer metastasis, respectively. In this context, classical in vitro migration assays do not completely mimic the potential situation by which EVs exert their chemotactic capacity. RESULTS We adapted an agarose spot migration assay as an in vitro system to evaluate the cell recruitment capacity of locally delivered or localized EVs. Cell migration was tracked for 12 h or 48 h, respectively. Thereafter, endpoint migration images and time-lapse videos were analysed to quantify several parameters aiming to determine the migration of cells to either MSC-EV or pro-metastatic EV. The number of cells contained inside the agarose spots, the migration distance, the area occupied by cells, the directionality of the cell movement, and the Euclidean distance were measured. This multi-parametric evaluation revealed the potential of different MSC-EV preparations to recruit endothelial cells and to detect an enhanced recruitment capacity of highly metastatic PC3-derived EVs (PC3-EVs) compared to low-metastatic LNCaP-EVs in a tumour cell-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this agarose spot migration assay may offer a diversity of measurements and migration settings not provided by classical migration assays and reveal its potential use in the EV field in two different contexts with recruitment in common: regeneration and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Clos-Sansalvador
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Cardiology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Grau-Leal
- RCPB Group, CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP); ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de Les Escoles S/N, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio G Garcia
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Sanroque-Muñoz
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
| | - Miriam Font-Morón
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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Li H, Yu S, Chen L, Liu H, Shen C. Immunomodulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation: Status and Prospects. Dig Dis 2023; 42:41-52. [PMID: 37729883 DOI: 10.1159/000534003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective therapy for end-stage liver diseases, but some patients usually present with serious infection and immune rejection. Those with immune rejection require long-term administration of immunosuppressants, leading to serious adverse effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various advantages in immune regulation and are promising drugs most likely to replace immunosuppressants. SUMMARY This study summarized the application of MSCs monotherapy, its combination with immunosuppressants, MSCs genetic modification, and MSCs derivative therapy (cell-free therapy) in LT. This may deepen the understanding of immunomodulatory role of MSCs and promote the application of MSCs in immune rejection treatment after LT. KEY MESSAGES MSCs could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune rejection. There is no consensus on the effects of types and concentrations of immunosuppressants on MSCs. Although genetically modified MSCs have contributed to better outcomes to some extent, the best modification is still unclear. Besides, multiple clinical complications developed frequently after LT. Unfortunately, there are still few studies on the polygenic modification of MSCs for the simultaneous treatment of these complications. Therefore, more studies should be performed to investigate the potency of multi-gene modified MSCs in treating complications after LT. Additionally, MSC derivatives mainly include exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and conditioned medium. Despite therapeutic effects, these three therapies still have some limitations such as heterogeneity between generations and that they cannot be quantified accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saihua Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Conglong Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Saadeldin IM, Ehab S, Cho J. Relevance of multilamellar and multicompartmental vesicles in biological fluids: understanding the significance of proportional variations and disease correlation. Biomark Res 2023; 11:77. [PMID: 37633948 PMCID: PMC10464313 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in the field of biomedical science due to their potential applications in therapy and diagnosis. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and carry a diverse range of bioactive cargo molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These cargoes play essential roles in various signaling pathways, including paracrine and endocrine signaling. However, our understanding of the morphological and structural features of EVs is still limited. EVs could be unilamellar or multilamellar or even multicompartmental structures. The relative proportions of these EV subtypes in biological fluids have been associated with various human diseases; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) holds great promise in the field of EV characterization due to high resolution properties. Cryo-EM circumvents artifacts caused by fixation or dehydration, allows for the preservation of native conformation, and eliminates the necessity for staining procedures. In this review, we summarize the role of EVs biogenesis and pathways that might have role on their structure, and the role of cryo-EM in characterization of EVs morphology in different biological samples and integrate new knowledge of the alterations of membranous structures of EVs which could be used as biomarkers to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seif Ehab
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Zoology Graduate Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jongki Cho
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhang W, Ling Y, Sun Y, Xiao F, Wang L. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration by Modulating Multiple Cellular Changes: A Brief Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1516. [PMID: 37628568 PMCID: PMC10453884 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are biologically active substances secreted by MSCs into the extracellular matrix that play an immunomodulatory role in skin damage repair. To investigate the mechanism of MSC-EVs in reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, promoting the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix remodeling during wound healing, we focused on the effects of EVs on multiple cell types at various stages of skin injury. A literature review was conducted to explore related research on the influence of MSC-EVs on the types of cells involved in wound healing. MSC-EVs show a strong regulatory ability on immune cells involved in the regulation of inflammation, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells, and other cells involved in tissue proliferation and remodeling, such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells, during wound healing in in vitro and in vivo experiments, which substantially promoted the understanding of wound healing in the field of trauma medicine. MSC-EVs have potential applications in combating poor skin wound healing. Elucidating the mechanism of action of EVs in the wound-healing process would greatly advance the understanding of therapeutic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
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11
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Solaguren-Beascoa M, Gámez-Valero A, Escaramís G, Herrero-Lorenzo M, Ortiz AM, Minguet C, Gonzalo R, Bravo MI, Costa M, Martí E. Phospho-RNA-Seq Highlights Specific Small RNA Profiles in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11653. [PMID: 37511412 PMCID: PMC10380198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are bioactive molecules that can be detected in biofluids, reflecting physiological and pathological states. In plasma, sRNAs are found within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and in extravesicular compartments, offering potential sources of highly sensitive biomarkers. Deep sequencing strategies to profile sRNAs favor the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs), the best-known class of sRNAs. Phospho-RNA-seq, through the enzymatic treatment of sRNAs with T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4-PNK), has been recently developed to increase the detection of thousands of previously inaccessible RNAs. In this study, we investigated the value of phospho-RNA-seq on both the EVs and extravesicular plasma subfractions. Phospho-RNA-seq increased the proportion of sRNAs used for alignment and highlighted the diversity of the sRNA transcriptome. Unsupervised clustering analysis using sRNA counts matrices correctly classified the EVs and extravesicular samples only in the T4-PNK treated samples, indicating that phospho-RNA-seq stresses the features of sRNAs in each plasma subfraction. Furthermore, T4-PNK treatment emphasized specific miRNA variants differing in the 5'-end (5'-isomiRs) and certain types of tRNA fragments in each plasma fraction. Phospho-RNA-seq increased the number of tissue-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) fragments in the EVs compared with the extravesicular fraction, suggesting that phospho-RNA-seq favors the discovery of tissue-specific sRNAs in EVs. Overall, the present data emphasizes the value of phospho-RNA-seq in uncovering RNA-based biomarkers in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Solaguren-Beascoa
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gámez-Valero
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Escaramís
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Herrero-Lorenzo
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Ortiz
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Minguet
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gonzalo
- Grifols Scientific Innovation Office, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Eulàlia Martí
- Department de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Yuan S, Li G, Zhang J, Chen X, Su J, Zhou F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1814. [PMID: 37514001 PMCID: PMC10385170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by cartilage damage and severe pain. Despite various pharmacological and surgical interventions, current therapies fail to halt OA progression, leading to high morbidity and an economic burden. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches that can effectively address the underlying pathophysiology of OA. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a new paradigm in OA treatment. MSC-EVs are small membranous particles released by MSCs during culture, both in vitro and in vivo. They possess regenerative properties and can attenuate inflammation, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Importantly, MSC-EVs have several advantages over MSCs as cell-based therapies, including lower risks of immune reactions and ethical issues. Researchers have recently explored different strategies, such as modifying EVs to enhance their delivery, targeting efficiency, and security, with promising results. This article reviews how MSC-EVs can help treat OA and how they might work. It also briefly discusses the benefits and challenges of using MSC-EVs and talks about the possibility of allogeneic and autologous MSC-EVs for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin 300110, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710000, China
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Hu H, Long H, Ren Z, Liu T, Xu J, Xiao F. Partially brain effects of injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at injury sites in a mouse model of thoracic spinal cord contusion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1179175. [PMID: 37342099 PMCID: PMC10278944 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1179175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pain caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a major burden on patients, and pain management is becoming a focus of treatment. Few reports have described changes in the brain after SCI. Particularly, the exact mechanism through which brain regions affect post-injury pain remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential therapeutic mechanisms of pain. A mouse model of spinal cord contusion was established, and molecular expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the brain and animal behavior was observed after local injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HU-MSCs) at the site of SCI. Method Sixty-three female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a sham operation group (n = 15); a spinal injury group (SCI, n = 16); an SCI + HU-MSCs group (n = 16) and an SCI + PBS group (n = 16), in which the SCI site was injected with HU-MSCs/phosphate buffer. The BMS score was determined, and the von Frey test and Hargreaves test were used to assess behavior every week after surgery. Mice were sacrificed in the fourth week after operation, and samples were collected. The expression of CGRP, Substance P, C-Fos and KCC2 in the ACC and PAG were observed with immunohistochemistry. Chromic cyanine staining was used to observe transverse sections of the injured spinal cord. Result In the ACC and PAG after SCI, the expression of CGRP, SP and C-Fos increased, and the expression of KCC2 decreased, whereas after HU-MSC injection, the expression of CGRP, SP and C-Fos decreased, and the expression of KCC2 increased. The SCI + HU-MSC group showed better exercise ability from 2 to 4 weeks after surgery than the SCI/SCI + PBS groups (P < 0.001). Local injection of HU-MSCs significantly improved the mechanical hyperalgesia caused by SCI in the fourth week after surgery (P < 0.0001), and sensation was significantly recovered 2 weeks after surgery (P < 0.0001); no improvement in thermal hypersensitivity was observed (P > 0.05). The HU-MSC group retained more white matter than the SCI/SCI + PBS groups (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Local transplantation of HU-MSCs at the site of SCI partially relieves the neuropathic pain and promotes recovery of motor function. These findings suggest a feasible direction for the future treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Houqing Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopaedic, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University/The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenxiao Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopaedic, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University/The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianhua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Modern Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang J, Gao J, Li X, Lin D, Li Z, Wang J, Chen J, Gao Z, Lin B. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote liver regeneration via miR-20a-5p/PTEN. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1168545. [PMID: 37305542 PMCID: PMC10248071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1168545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing hepatocyte death and proliferation is key to non-transplantation treatments for acute liver failure (ALF), which has a high short-term mortality rate. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may act as mediators in the repair of damaged liver tissue by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of human bone marrow MSC-derived sEVs (BMSC-sEVs) in treating mice with ALF and the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Small EVs and sEV-free BMSC concentrated medium were injected into mice with LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF to assess survival, changes in serology, liver pathology, and apoptosis and proliferation in different phases. The results were further verified in vitro in L-02 cells with hydrogen peroxide injury. BMSC-sEV-treated mice with ALF had higher 24 h survival rates and more significant reductions in liver injury than mice treated with sEV-free concentrated medium. BMSC-sEVs reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating miR-20a-5p, which targeted the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, BMSC-sEVs upregulated the mir-20a precursor in hepatocytes. The application of BMSC-sEVs showed a positive impact by preventing the development of ALF, and may serve as a promising strategy for promoting ALF liver regeneration. miR-20a-5p plays an important role in liver protection from ALF by BMSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengna Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingliang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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van de Looij SM, de Jong OG, Vermonden T, Lorenowicz MJ. Injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles in cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:685-708. [PMID: 36739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of small vesicles secreted by essentially all cell types, containing a wide variety of biological macromolecules. Due to their intrinsic capabilities for efficient intercellular communication, they are involved in various aspects of cellular functioning. In the past decade, EVs derived from stem cells attracted interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Owing to their regenerative properties, they have great potential for use in tissue repair, in particular for tissues with limited regenerative capabilities such as cartilage. The maintenance of articular cartilage is dependent on a precarious balance of many different components that can be disrupted by the onset of prevalent rheumatic diseases. However, while cartilage is a tissue with strong mechanical properties that can withstand movement and heavy loads for years, it is virtually incapable of repairing itself after damage has occurred. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) transport regenerative components such as proteins and nucleic acids from their parental cells to recipient cells, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Many possible pathways through which SC-EVs execute their regenerative function have been reported, but likely there are still numerous other pathways that are still unknown. This review discusses various preclinical studies investigating intra-articular injections of free SC-EVs, which, while often promoting chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo, showed a recurring limitation of the need for multiple administrations to achieve sufficient tissue regeneration. Potentially, this drawback can be overcome by making use of an EV delivery platform that is capable of sustainably releasing EVs over time. With their remarkable versatility and favourable chemical, biological and mechanical properties, hydrogels can facilitate this release profile by encapsulating EVs in their porous structure. Ideally, the optimal delivery platform can be formed in-situ, by means of an injectable hydrogel that can be administered directly into the affected joint. Relevant research fulfilling these criteria is discussed in detail, including the steps that still need to be taken before injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of EVs can be applied in the context of cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van de Looij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Small RNA sequencing of small extracellular vesicles secreted by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells following replicative senescence. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:347-358. [PMID: 35917089 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) are subsets of multipotent stem cells involved in immune modulation, tissue regeneration, and antimicrobial defense. Cellular senescence is associated with the onset of aging-related diseases and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important mediators of senescence and aging. OBJECTIVE However, little is known about the role and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) carried by UCMSC-derived sEVs. To analyze the expression profiles of miRNAs secreted by senescent UCMSC, small RNA sequencing of the miRNAs within the sEVs was performed in this study. METHODS UCMSC cultures underwent serial passaging beyond passage number 20 to achieve replicative senescence, which was confirmed by various methods, including increased senescence-associated β-gal staining and cytokine secretion levels. sEVs derived from non-senescent and senescent UCMSC were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Small RNA sequencing of the miRNAs within the sEVs revealed senescence-associated differences in the miRNA composition, as shown by the upregulation of miR-122-5p and miR-146a-5p, and downregulation of miR-125b-5p and miR-29-3p. In addition, total RNA sequencing analysis showed that PENK, ITGA8, and TSIX were upregulated, whereas AKR1B10, UNC13D, and IL21R were downregulated by replicative senescence in UCMSC. In sEVs, upregulated genes were linked to downregulated miRNAs, and vice versa. In the gene-concept network analysis, five gynecologic terms were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS The study provides an insight into the cellular characteristics of UCMSC following replicative senescence and emphasizes the importance of monitoring passage numbers of UCMSC for further therapeutic use.
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Afzal A, Khawar MB, Habiba U, Shahzaman S, Hamid SE, Rafiq M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. Nanoengineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery Systems: Current Advances and Future Directions. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Infusion of Some but Not All Types of Human Perinatal Stromal Cells Prevent Organ Fibrosis in a Humanized Graft versus Host Disease Murine Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020415. [PMID: 36830951 PMCID: PMC9953740 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic transplant rejection represents a medical complication that leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. There are no treatments to effectively prevent fibrosis; however, there is great interest in evaluating the use of perinatal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and other MSCs to prevent fibrosis associated with chronic rejection. In this study, we isolated human perinatal stromal cells (PSCs) from amnion (AM-PSC), placental villi (PV-PSC), and umbilical cord (UC-PSC) tissues, demonstrating the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs as well as a >70% expression of the immunomodulatory markers CD273 and CD210. The administration of a single dose (250,000 cells) of each type of PSC in a humanized graft versus host disease (hGvHD) NSG® murine model delayed the progression of the disease as displayed by weight loss and GvHD scores ranging at various levels without affecting the hCD3+ population. However, only PV-PSCs demonstrated an increased survival rate of 50% at the end of the study. Furthermore, a histopathological evaluation showed that only PV-PSC cells could reduce human CD45+ cell infiltration and the fibrosis of the lungs and liver. These findings indicate that not all PSCs have similar therapeutic potential, and that PV-PSC as a cell therapeutic may have an advantage for targeting fibrosis related to allograft rejection.
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Zakeri A, Khaseb S, Akhavan Rahnama M, Hajaliaskari A, Soufi Zomorrod M. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells: A promising cell-free therapeutic tool for cutaneous wound healing. Biochimie 2023; 209:73-84. [PMID: 36681232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multifaceted process involving a cascade of molecular and cellular procedures that occur in four different phases: (a) hemostasis, (b) inflammation, (c) proliferation, and (d) tissue remodeling. Prolonged wound healing in skin is still a major challenge in treatment of wounds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate cutaneous wound healing through their paracrine activity. Exosomes are one of the key secretory products of MSCs, mimicking the effects of parental MSCs in skin wound healing process. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30-150 nm in diameter) that originate from endosomal pathways and transport numerous biomolecules, including DNAs, messenger RNAs, microRNAs, lipids, and proteins. They can be taken up by target cells and release their contents to modulate the activity of recipient cells. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) reduce inflammation, promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and enhance angiogenesis in skin wound healing process. Therefore, exosomes are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators and have opened a novel viewpoint for developing cell-free therapies. This review aims to demonstrate the roles of exosomes in each step of skin wound healing through a comprehensive literature search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zakeri
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Khaseb
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Akhavan Rahnama
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Hajaliaskari
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
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Wei Q, Liu X, Su JL, Wang YX, Chu ZQ, Ma K, Huang QL, Li HH, Fu XB, Zhang CP. Small extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells: A potential Weapon for chronic non-healing wound treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1083459. [PMID: 36704302 PMCID: PMC9872203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds have posed a severe threat to patients mentally and physically. Behavior dysregulation of remaining cells at wound sites is recognized as the chief culprit to destroy healing process and hinders wound healing. Therefore, regulating and restoring normal cellular behavior is the core of chronic non-healing wound treatment. In recent years, the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a promising option for chronic wound healing and the efficacy has increasingly been attributed to their exocrine functions. Small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) are reported to benefit almost all stages of wound healing by regulating the cellular behavior to participate in the process of inflammatory response, angiogenesis, re-epithelization, and scarless healing. Here, we describe the characteristics of MSC-sEVs and discuss their therapeutic potential in chronic wound treatment. Additionally, we also provide an overview of the application avenues of MSC-sEVs in wound treatment. Finally, we summarize strategies for large-scale production and engineering of MSC-sEVs. This review may possibly provide meaningful guidance for chronic wound treatment with MSC-sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Long Su
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Xi Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Chu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Lin Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
| | - Cui-Ping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Trauma Care, Beijing, China,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Cui-Ping Zhang, ; Hai-Hong Li, ; Xiao-Bing Fu,
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21
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Cord Blood Plasma and Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Increase Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells While Maintaining Their Stemness. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020250. [PMID: 36672185 PMCID: PMC9857343 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to maintain their primitive characters and long-term reconstitution abilities during transplantation. Therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly rely on paracrine mechanisms, including secretion of exosomes (Exos). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of cord blood plasma (CBP)-derived Exos (CBP Exos) and Placental MSCs-derived Exos (MSCs Exos) on the expansion of UCB HSCs to increase their numbers and keep their primitive characteristics. METHODS CD34+ cells were isolated from UCB, cultured for 10 days, and the expanded HSCs were sub-cultured in semisolid methylcellulose media for primitive colony forming units (CFUs) assay. MSCs were cultured from placental chorionic plates. RESULTS CBP Exos and MSCs Exos compared with the control group significantly increased the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs), invitro expansion of CD34+ cells, primitive subpopulations of CD34+38+ and CD34+38-Lin- cells (p < 0.001). The expanded cells showed a significantly higher number of total CFUs in the Exos groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION CBP- and placental-derived exosomes are associated with significant ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs, while maintaining their primitive characters and may eliminate the need for transplantation of an additional unit of UCB.
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Lu S, Lu L, Liu Y, Li Z, Fang Y, Chen Z, Zhou J. Native and engineered extracellular vesicles for wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053217. [PMID: 36568307 PMCID: PMC9780283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as messengers mediate communication between parent and recipient cells through their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These endogenous vesicles have emerged as a novel cell-free strategy for the treatment of diseases. EVs can be released by various types of cells with unique biological properties. Recent studies have shown that native EVs are used as therapeutic agents to promote tissue repair by delivering various growth factors and trophic factors including VEGF, EGF, TFN-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β to participate in all physiological processes of wound healing. Furthermore, to improve their specificity, safety, and efficiency for wound healing, the content and surface of EVs can be designed, modified, and engineered. The engineering strategies of EVs are divided into parent cell modification and indirect modification of EVs. The therapeutic potential of current EVs and engineered EVs for wound healing still requires the exploration of their large-scale clinical applications through innovative approaches. Herein, we provide an overview of the current biological knowledge about wound healing and EVs, as well as the application of native EVs in promoting wound healing. We also outline recent advances in engineering EV methodologies to achieve ideal therapeutic potential. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered EVs in wound healing are reviewed, and the challenges and prospects for the translation of engineered EVs to clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherland
| | - Zenan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Almeria C, Kreß S, Weber V, Egger D, Kasper C. Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles is highly impacted by the tissue/cell source and culture conditions. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35501833 PMCID: PMC9063275 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures exerting major effects in physiological as well as pathological processes by functioning as vehicles for the delivery of biomolecules to their target cells. An increasing number of effects previously attributed to cell-based therapies have been recognized to be actually mediated by EVs derived from the respective cells, suggesting the administration of purified EVs instead of living cells for cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on the heterogeneity of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) and summarize upstream process parameters that crucially affect the resulting therapeutic properties and biological functions. Hereby, we discuss the effects of the cell source, medium composition, 3D culture, bioreactor culture and hypoxia. Furthermore, aspects of the isolation and storage strategies influences EVs are described. Conclusively, optimization of upstream process parameters should focus on controlling MSC-derived EV heterogeneity for specific therapeutic applications.
Graphical Abstract
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24
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de Almeida Fuzeta M, Gonçalves PP, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Cabral JMS, Bernardes N, da Silva CL. From Promise to Reality: Bioengineering Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110675. [PMID: 36354586 PMCID: PMC9687169 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of great attention over the last decade, considering their promising application as next-generation therapeutics. EVs have emerged as relevant mediators of intercellular communication, being associated with multiple physiological processes, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Given their natural ability to shuttle messages between cells, EVs have been explored both as inherent therapeutics in regenerative medicine and as drug delivery vehicles targeting multiple diseases. However, bioengineering strategies are required to harness the full potential of EVs for therapeutic use. For that purpose, a good understanding of EV biology, from their biogenesis to the way they are able to shuttle messages and establish interactions with recipient cells, is needed. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art on EV biology, complemented by representative examples of EVs roles in several pathophysiological processes, as well as the intrinsic therapeutic properties of EVs and paradigmatic strategies to produce and develop engineered EVs as next-generation drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro P. Gonçalves
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
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25
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Pan Z, Sun W, Chen Y, Tang H, Lin W, Chen J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201384. [PMID: 36053562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as an important ingredient of intercellular communication through paracrine actions, have gained tremendous attention in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Moreover, these nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can be incorporated into biomaterials according to different principles to facilitate signal delivery in various regenerative processes directly or indirectly. Bioactive biomaterials as the carrier will extend the retention time and realize the controlled release of EVs, which further enhance their therapeutic efficiency in tissue regeneration. Herein, the basic biological characteristics of EVs are first introduced, and then their outstanding performance in exerting direct impacts on target cells in tissue regeneration as well as indirect effects on promoting angiogenesis and regulating the immune environment, due to specific functional components of EVs (nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc.), is emphasized. Furthermore, different design ideas for suitable EV-loaded biomaterials are also demonstrated. In the end, this review also highlights the engineered strategies, which aim at solving the problems related to natural EVs such as highly heterogeneous functions, inadequate tissue targeting capabilities, insufficient yield and scalability, etc., thus promoting the therapeutic pertinence and clinical potential of EV-based approaches in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
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McLaughlin C, Datta P, Singh YP, Lo A, Horchler S, Elcheva IA, Ozbolat IT, Ravnic DJ, Koduru SV. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Use and in Bioengineering Applications. Cells 2022; 11:3366. [PMID: 36359762 PMCID: PMC9657427 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released from cells into body fluids, and therefore can travel and convey regulatory functions in the distal parts of the body. EVs can transmit paracrine signaling by carrying over cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, interleukins (ILs), transcription factors, and nucleic acids such as DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, sn/snoRNAs, mtRNAs and circRNAs; these EVs travel to predecided destinations to perform their functions. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve healing and facilitate treatments of various diseases, the allogenic use of these cells is often accompanied by serious adverse effects after transplantation. MSC-produced EVs are less immunogenic and can serve as an alternative to cellular therapies by transmitting signaling or delivering biomaterials to diseased areas of the body. This review article is focused on understanding the properties of EVs derived from different types of MSCs and MSC-EV-based therapeutic options. The potential of modern technologies such as 3D bioprinting to advance EV-based therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Yogendra P. Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexis Lo
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Summer Horchler
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Irina A. Elcheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dino J. Ravnic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Srinivas V. Koduru
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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27
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Almalki SG. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and wound healing: Potential clinical applications in wound repair. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1075-1086. [PMID: 36261194 PMCID: PMC9994497 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.10.20220522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed and chronic wounds result from the dysregulation of molecular and cellular events associated with wound healing, including migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and re-epithelialization. Adipose tissue is an abundant, easily accessible, and rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high therapeutic potential. In addition to their capability to differentiate into various lineages with specialized functions, adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs) can mediate to the wound repair process through the secretion of different growth factors and mediators rather than making structural contribution alone. Adipose-derived MSCs mediate the formation of blood vessels, recruit progenitor cells, stimulate cell differentiation and ECM formation, and promote wound healing by releasing immune mediators and exosomes. Herein, we discuss and review the therapeutic potential of AMSCs for wound repair via acceleration of wound closure, re-epithelialization, enhancement of angiogenesis and immunomodulation of prolonged inflammatory responses, as well as the current challenges in clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami G. Almalki
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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N-Glycans in Immortalized Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Critical for EV–Cell Interaction and Functional Activation of Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179539. [PMID: 36076936 PMCID: PMC9455930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EV) are widely considered as a cell-free therapeutic alternative to MSC cell administration, due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. However, the interaction mechanisms between EV and target cells are not fully understood. The surface glycans could be key players in EV–cell communication, being specific molecular recognition patterns that are still little explored. In this study, we focused on the role of N-glycosylation of MSC-EV as mediators of MSC-EV and endothelial cells’ interaction for subsequent EV uptake and the induction of cell migration and angiogenesis. For that, EV from immortalized Wharton’s Jelly MSC (iWJ-MSC-EV) were isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and treated with the glycosidase PNGase-F in order to remove wild-type N-glycans. Then, CFSE-labelled iWJ-MSC-EV were tested in the context of in vitro capture, agarose-spot migration and matrigel-based tube formation assays, using HUVEC. As a result, we found that the N-glycosylation in iWJ-MSC-EV is critical for interaction with HUVEC cells. iWJ-MSC-EV were captured by HUVEC, stimulating their tube-like formation ability and promoting their recruitment. Conversely, the removal of N-glycans through PNGase-F treatment reduced all of these functional activities induced by native iWJ-MSC-EV. Finally, comparative lectin arrays of iWJ-MSC-EV and PNGase-F-treated iWJ-MSC-EV found marked differences in the surface glycosylation pattern, particularly in N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, and fucose-binding lectins. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of N-glycans in MSC-EV to permit EV–cell interactions and associated functions.
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29
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Lv H, Liu H, Sun T, Wang H, Zhang X, Xu W. Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:957771. [PMID: 36003496 PMCID: PMC9395204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30–150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.
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30
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Monguió-Tortajada M, Prat-Vidal C, Martínez-Falguera D, Teis A, Soler-Botija C, Courageux Y, Munizaga-Larroudé M, Moron-Font M, Bayes-Genis A, Borràs FE, Roura S, Gálvez-Montón C. Acellular cardiac scaffolds enriched with MSC-derived extracellular vesicles limit ventricular remodelling and exert local and systemic immunomodulation in a myocardial infarction porcine model. Theranostics 2022; 12:4656-4670. [PMID: 35832072 PMCID: PMC9254233 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) are a potential therapy for cardiac healing after myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, neither their efficient administration nor therapeutic mechanisms are fully elucidated. Here, we evaluate the preclinical efficacy of a tissue engineering approach to locally deliver porcine cardiac adipose tissue MSC-EV (cATMSC-EV) in an acute MI pig model. Methods: After MI by permanent ligation of the coronary artery, pigs (n = 24) were randomized to Untreated or treated groups with a decellularised pericardial scaffold filled with peptide hydrogel and cATMSC-EV purified by size exclusion chromatography (EV-Treated group) or buffer (Control group), placed over the post-infarcted myocardium. Results: After 30 days, cardiac MRI showed an improved cardiac function in EV-Treated animals, with significantly higher right ventricle ejection fraction (+20.8% in EV-Treated; p = 0.026), and less ventricle dilatation, indicating less myocardial remodelling. Scar size was reduced, with less fibrosis in the distal myocardium (-42.6% Col I in EV-Treated vs Untreated; p = 0.03), a 2-fold increase in vascular density (EV-Treated; p = 0.019) and less CCL2 transcription in the infarct core. EV-treated animals had less macrophage infiltration in the infarct core (-31.7% of CD163+ cells/field in EV-Treated; p = 0.026), but 5.8 times more expressing anti-inflammatory CD73 (p = 0.015). Systemically, locally delivered cATMSC-EV also triggered a systemic effect, doubling the circulating IL-1ra (p = 0.01), and reducing the PBMC rush 2d post-MI, the TNFα and GM-CSF levels at 30d post-MI, and modulating the CD73+ and CCR2+ monocyte populations, related to immunomodulation and fibrosis modulation. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of cATMSC-EV in modulating hallmarks of ischemic injury for cardiac repair after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Heart Institute (iCor), Cardiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Cell Therapy Service, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daina Martínez-Falguera
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Teis
- Heart Institute (iCor), Cardiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler-Botija
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yvan Courageux
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Micaela Munizaga-Larroudé
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miriam Moron-Font
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Heart Institute (iCor), Cardiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc E. Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Heart Institute (iCor), Cardiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona 08500, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Heart Institute (iCor), Cardiology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Hu JC, Zheng CX, Sui BD, Liu WJ, Jin Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A novel and potential remedy for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:318-329. [PMID: 35722196 PMCID: PMC9157601 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i5.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor healing of cutaneous wounds is a common medical problem in the field of traumatology. Due to the intricate pathophysiological processes of wound healing, the use of conventional treatment methods, such as chemical molecule drugs and traditional dressings, have been unable to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Within recent years, explicit evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials on skin wound healing and regeneration. However, the direct application of MSCs still faces many challenges and difficulties. Intriguingly, exosomes as cell-secreted granular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure and containing specific components from the source cells may emerge to be excellent substitutes for MSCs. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) have been demonstrated to be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing and accelerate the process through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include alleviating inflammation, promoting vascularization, and promoting proliferation and migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Therefore, the application of MSC-exosomes may be a promising alternative to cell therapy in the treatment of cutaneous wounds and could promote wound healing through multiple mechanisms simultaneously. This review will provide an overview of the role and the mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in cutaneous wound healing, and elaborate the potentials and future perspectives of MSC-exosomes application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Jia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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32
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Oh SJ, Lee EN, Park JH, Lee JK, Cho GJ, Park IH, Shin OS. Anti-Viral Activities of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Against Human Respiratory Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:850744. [PMID: 35558099 PMCID: PMC9085650 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.850744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic and pandemic caused by respiratory virus infection are a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, broadly effective antiviral drugs are needed to treat respiratory viral diseases. Small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (U-exo) have recently gained attention as a cell-free therapeutic strategy due to their potential for safety and efficacy. Anti-viral activities of U-exo to countermeasure respiratory virus-associated diseases are currently unknown. Here, we tested the antiviral activities of U-exo following influenza A/B virus (IFV) and human seasonal coronavirus (HCoV) infections in vitro. Cells were subject to IFV or HCoV infection followed by U-exo treatment. U-exo treatment significantly reduced IFV or HCoV replication and combined treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha protein (IFN-α) exerted synergistically enhanced antiviral effects against IFV or HCoV. Interestingly, microRNA (miR)-125b, which is one of the most abundantly expressed small RNAs in U-exo, was found to suppress IFV replication possibly via the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, U-exo markedly enhanced RNA virus-triggered IFN signaling and ISGs production. Similarly, human nasal epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) studies broadly effective anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities of U-exo against IFV and HCoV, suggesting the potential role of U-exo as a promising intervention for respiratory virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Na Lee
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Il-Ho Park, ; Ok Sarah Shin,
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Il-Ho Park, ; Ok Sarah Shin,
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Las Heras K, Royo F, Garcia-Vallicrosa C, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Falcon-Perez JM, Hernandez RM. Extracellular vesicles from hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: isolation, characterization and therapeutic potential for chronic wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:147. [PMID: 35395929 PMCID: PMC8994406 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have demonstrated to elicit immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative properties that are beneficial for the treatment of chronic wounds. Thanks to different mediators, MSC-EVs have shown to play an important role in the proliferation, migration and cell survival of different skin cell populations. However, there is still a big bid to achieve the most effective, suitable and available source of MSC-EVs. METHODS We isolated, characterized and compared medium-large EVs (m-lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) obtained from hair follicle-derived MSCs (HF-MSCs) against the gold standard in regenerative medicine, EVs isolated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). RESULTS We demonstrated that HF-EVs, as well as AT-EVs, expressed typical MSC-EVs markers (CD9, CD44, CD63, CD81 and CD105) among other different functional markers. We showed that both cell types were able to increase human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) proliferation and migration. Moreover, both MSC-EVs were able to increase angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and protect HDFs exposed to a hyperglycemic environment from oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, HF-EVs demonstrated to exhibit comparable potential to that of AT-EVs as promising candidates in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Las Heras
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Félix Royo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Vallicrosa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Exosomes Laboratory, 48160, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU), 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells as nanotherapeutics for liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury by transferring mitochondria to modulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps'. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Clos-Sansalvador M, Monguió-Tortajada M, Roura S, Franquesa M, Borràs FE. Commonly used methods for extracellular vesicles’ enrichment: implications in downstream analyses and use. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Ortega A, Forner MJ, Cortes R. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Non-Coding RNA Therapeutic Vehicles in Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040733. [PMID: 35456567 PMCID: PMC9028692 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the activation of the immune system against self-antigens. More common in women than in men and with an early onset, their incidence is increasing worldwide, and this, combined with their chronic nature, is contributing to an enlarged medical and economic burden. Conventional immunosuppressive agents are designed to alleviate symptoms but do not constitute an effective therapy, highlighting a need to develop new alternatives. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated powerful immunosuppressive and regenerative effects. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown some advantages, such as less immunogenicity, and are proposed as novel therapies for ADs. In this review, we summarize current perspectives on therapeutic options for ADs based on MSCs and MSC-EVs, focusing particularly on their mechanism of action exerted through their non-coding RNA (ncRNA) cargo. A complete state-of-the-art review was performed, centralized on some of the most severe ADs (rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus, and systemic lupus erythematosus), giving evidence that a promising field is evolving to overcome the current knowledge and provide new therapeutic possibilities centered on MSC-EVs and their role as ncRNA delivery vehicles for AD gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (M.J.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (R.C.); Tel.: +34-96398-3916 (R.C.); Fax: +34-96398-7860 (R.C.)
| | - Maria J. Forner
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (M.J.F.)
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (M.J.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (R.C.); Tel.: +34-96398-3916 (R.C.); Fax: +34-96398-7860 (R.C.)
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Han Y, Yang J, Fang J, Zhou Y, Candi E, Wang J, Hua D, Shao C, Shi Y. The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:92. [PMID: 35314676 PMCID: PMC8935608 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) possess multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal potentials. MSCs-based therapies have been widely utilized for the treatment of diverse inflammatory diseases, due to the potent immunoregulatory functions of MSCs. An increasing body of evidence indicates that MSCs exert their therapeutic effects largely through their paracrine actions. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, and metabolic products were all found to be functional molecules of MSCs in various therapeutic paradigms. These secretory factors contribute to immune modulation, tissue remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the secretory behavior of MSCs and the intracellular communication that accounts for their potential in treating human diseases.
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Li Y, Ren X, Zhang Z, Duan Y, Li H, Chen S, Shao H, Li X, Zhang X. Effect of small extracellular vesicles derived from IL-10-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells on experimental autoimmune uveitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:100. [PMID: 35255957 PMCID: PMC8900327 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammation mainly caused by immune dysregulation. The development of safe and effective therapeutic approaches is urgently needed. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to inhibit autoimmune responses; however, the immunosuppressive effect of MSC-sEVs is too weak for clinical transfer. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of IL-10-overexpressing MSC-sEVs (sEV-IL10) on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and studied the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were randomly grouped and received a single tail vein injection of different sEVs (50 μg) or PBS on day 11 post-immunization. The clinical and histological scores were graded, and the percentage of T helper cell was measured. To investigate the effect of sEVs on the proliferation of T-cells and the differentiation of Th1, Th17 and Treg cells, T-cells were cocultured with sEVs under the corresponding culture conditions. After labeled with PKH-26, sEVs were traced both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Compared with normal or vector sEV-treated groups, mice in the sEV-IL10-treated group had lower clinical and histological scores with lower percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells in the eyes and higher percentages of Treg cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes (LN). Furthermore, sEV-IL10 enhanced the suppressive effect of MSC-sEVs on the proliferation of T-cells and differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, whereas upregulated the differentiation of Treg cells. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that MSC-sEVs were rapidly enriched in target tissues and internalized by T-cells. CONCLUSION These results suggested that sEV-IL10 effectively ameliorates EAU by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of T-cells, indicating sEVs as a potential novel therapy for autoimmune uveitis or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Wu R, Fan X, Wang Y, Shen M, Zheng Y, Zhao S, Yang L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Immunity and Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833878. [PMID: 35309311 PMCID: PMC8930843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as the most common cell source for stem cell therapy, play an important role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and have been widely used in clinical trials to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can inhibit the activation and proliferation of a variety of proinflammatory cells, such as Th1, Th17 and M1 macrophages, reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, while promoting the proliferation of anti-inflammatory cells, such as M2 macrophages and Tregs, and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus playing a role in immune regulation and exhibiting immunomodulatory functions. Besides MSC-EVs are more convenient and less immunogenic than MSCs. There is growing interest in the role of MSC-EVs in liver diseases owing to the intrinsic liver tropism of MSC-EVs. In this review, we focus on the immunomodulatory effects of MSC-EVs and summarize the pivotal roles of MSC-EVs as a cell-free therapy in liver diseases, including NAFLD, AIH, acute liver failure, liver fibrosis and hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, we provide a concise overview of the potential use and limits of MSC-EVs in clinical application.
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Tajabadi M, Goran Orimi H, Ramzgouyan MR, Nemati A, Deravi N, Beheshtizadeh N, Azami M. Regenerative strategies for the consequences of myocardial infarction: Chronological indication and upcoming visions. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112584. [PMID: 34968921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart muscle injury and an elevated troponin level signify myocardial infarction (MI), which may result in defective and uncoordinated segments, reduced cardiac output, and ultimately, death. Physicians apply thrombolytic therapy, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to recanalize and restore blood flow to the coronary arteries, albeit they were not convincingly able to solve the heart problems. Thus, researchers aim to introduce novel substitutional therapies for regenerating and functionalizing damaged cardiac tissue based on engineering concepts. Cell-based engineering approaches, utilizing biomaterials, gene, drug, growth factor delivery systems, and tissue engineering are the most leading studies in the field of heart regeneration. Also, understanding the primary cause of MI and thus selecting the most efficient treatment method can be enhanced by preparing microdevices so-called heart-on-a-chip. In this regard, microfluidic approaches can be used as diagnostic platforms or drug screening in cardiac disease treatment. Additionally, bioprinting technique with whole organ 3D printing of human heart with major vessels, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells can be an ideal goal for cardiac tissue engineering and remarkable achievement in near future. Consequently, this review discusses the different aspects, advancements, and challenges of the mentioned methods with presenting the advantages and disadvantages, chronological indications, and application prospects of various novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tajabadi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16844, Iran
| | - Hanif Goran Orimi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16844, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roya Ramzgouyan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nemati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Therapeutic Effects of Hypoxic and Pro-Inflammatory Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010126. [PMID: 35008555 PMCID: PMC8745583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) immunomodulate inflammatory responses through paracrine signalling, including via secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the cell secretome. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of MSCs-derived small EVs in an antigen-induced model of arthritis (AIA). EVs isolated from MSCs cultured normoxically (21% O2, 5% CO2), hypoxically (2% O2, 5% CO2) or with a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail were applied into the AIA model. Disease pathology was assessed post-arthritis induction through swelling and histopathological analysis of synovial joint structure. Activated CD4+ T cells from healthy mice were cultured with EVs or MSCs to assess deactivation capabilities prior to application of standard EVs in vivo to assess T cell polarisation within the immune response to AIA. All EVs treatments reduced knee-joint swelling whilst only normoxic and pro-inflammatory primed EVs improved histopathological outcomes. In vitro culture with EVs did not achieve T cell deactivation. Polarisation towards CD4+ helper cells expressing IL17a (Th17) was reduced when normoxic and hypoxic EV treatments were applied in vitro. Normoxic EVs applied into the AIA model reduced Th17 polarisation and improved Regulatory T cell (Treg):Th17 homeostatic balance. Normoxic EVs present the optimal strategy for broad therapeutic benefit. EVs present an effective novel technology with the potential for cell-free therapeutic translation.
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Courageux Y, Monguió-Tortajada M, Prat-Vidal C, Bayes-Genis A, Roura S. Clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles: Considerations on scientific rationale and production requisites. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:937-939. [PMID: 34931446 PMCID: PMC8817141 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is a commentary to ‘Identification and characterization of hADSC‐derived exosome proteins from different isolation methods’ (Huang et al. 2021; 10.1111/jcmm.16775). Given the enthusiasm for the potential of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs), some considerations deserve attention as they move through successive stages of research and application into humans. We herein remark the prerequisite of generating that evidence ensuring a high consistency in safety, composition and biological activity of the intended MSC‐EV preparations, and the suitability of disparate isolation techniques to produce efficacious EV preparations and fulfil requirements for standardized clinical‐grade biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Courageux
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Heart Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Heart Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Heart Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Heart Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Heart Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
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43
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A Beginner's Introduction to Skin Stem Cells and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011030. [PMID: 34681688 PMCID: PMC8538579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the skin is that of a physical barrier against the environment and diverse pathogens; therefore, its integrity is essential for survival. Skin regeneration depends on multiple stem cell compartments within the epidermis, which, despite their different transcriptional and proliferative capacity, as well as different anatomical location, fall under the general term of skin stem cells (SSCs). Skin wounds can normally heal without problem; however, some diseases or extensive damage may delay or prevent healing. Non-healing wounds represent a serious and life-threatening scenario that may require advanced therapeutic strategies. In this regard, increased focus has been directed at SSCs and their role in wound healing, although emerging therapeutical approaches are considering the use of other stem cells instead, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Given its extensive and broad nature, this review supplies newcomers with an introduction to SSCs, wound healing, and therapeutic strategies for skin regeneration, thus familiarizing the reader with the subject in preparation for future in depth reading.
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44
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Lino MM, Simões S, Tomatis F, Albino I, Barrera A, Vivien D, Sobrino T, Ferreira L. Engineered extracellular vesicles as brain therapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 338:472-485. [PMID: 34428481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are communication channels between different cell types in the brain, between the brain and the periphery and vice-versa, playing a fundamental role in physiology and pathology. The evidence that EVs might be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) make them very promising candidates as nanocarriers to treat brain pathologies. EVs contain a cocktail of bioactive factors, yet their content and surface can be further engineered to enhance their biological activity, stability and targeting ability. Native and engineered EVs have been reported for the treatment of different brain pathologies, although issues related to their modest accumulation and limited local therapeutic effect in the brain still need to be addressed. In this review, we cover the therapeutic applications of native and bioengineered EVs for brain diseases. We also review recent data about the interaction between EVs and the BBB and discuss the challenges and opportunities in clinical translation of EVs as brain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Lino
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Tomatis
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Albino
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angela Barrera
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; Department of clinical research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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45
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Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Wound Healing. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1285087. [PMID: 34567129 PMCID: PMC8457964 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1285087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing and regeneration are a dynamic and complex process that requires a collaborative effort between growth factors, epidermal cells, dermal cells, extracellular matrix, and vessels local to the wound area. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in the recruitment site, mainly by releasing secretory factors and matrix proteins to promote wound healing. Stem cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNs), including microvesicles, exosomes, and exosome mimetics, contain most of the biologically active substances of their parent cells and have similar effects. CDNs can shuttle various proteins, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs to regulate the activity of receptor cells, and they play important roles in skin wound healing. This article reviews recent research progress on CDNs for wound repair. We summarize current knowledge on how CDNs regulate immunity, fibroblast activity, angiogenesis, and scar formation in the wound healing process. This review can help researchers explore new treatment strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CDNs, which have a promising future as naturally cell-free therapies.
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46
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Gu C, Feng J, Waqas A, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Long J, Huang S, Chen L. Technological Advances of 3D Scaffold-Based Stem Cell/Exosome Therapy in Tissues and Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709204. [PMID: 34568322 PMCID: PMC8458970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, biomaterial scaffolds have been widely applied in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to different production methods, unique types of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds can be fabricated to meet the structural characteristics of tissues and organs, and provide suitable 3D microenvironments. The therapeutic effects of stem cell (SC) therapy in tissues and organs are considerable and have attracted the attention of academic researchers worldwide. However, due to the limitations and challenges of SC therapy, exosome therapy can be used for basic research and clinical translation. The review briefly introduces the materials (nature or polymer), shapes (hydrogels, particles and porous solids) and fabrication methods (crosslinking or bioprinting) of 3D scaffolds, and describes the recent progress in SC/exosome therapy with 3D scaffolds over the past 5 years (2016-2020). Normal SC/exosome therapy can improve the structure and function of diseased and damaged tissues and organs. In addition, 3D scaffold-based SC/exosome therapy can significantly improve the structure and function cardiac and neural tissues for the treatment of various refractory diseases. Besides, exosome therapy has the same therapeutic effects as SC therapy but without the disadvantages. Hence, 3D scaffold therapy provides an alternative strategy for treatment of refractory and incurable diseases and has entered a transformation period from basic research into clinical translation as a viable therapeutic option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushu Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Canine Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Stimulated CD4 + T Cells Isolated from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:2993043. [PMID: 34447855 PMCID: PMC8384509 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2993043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics. Many studies have suggested that the immunomodulation of ADSCs is largely mediated by secreted paracrine factors. Various factors are secreted from ADSCs, among which extracellular vesicles are considered to play a major role in the communication between ADSCs and target cells. Several studies have reported the function of canine ADSC-derived extracellular vesicles (cADSC-EVs), but few studies have reported the immunomodulatory effects of cADSC-EVs on immune cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cADSC-EVs on in vitro-stimulated CD4+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). cADSC-EVs were isolated from cADSCs under naive conditions or primed conditions by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ). The expression levels of several microRNAs in cADSC-EVs were altered by priming with TNFα and IFNγ. Culturing PBMCs stimulated with concanavalin A in the presence of naive or primed cADSC-EVs inhibited the differentiation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cells and promoted apoptosis of PBMCs. CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T cells were decreased, while CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells were increased. T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. cADSC-EVs inhibited the proliferation of Th1 and Th17 cells and enhanced Th2 and Treg cell proliferation. However, CD4+ T cells that had incorporated labeled cADSC-EVs comprised only a few percent of all cells. Therefore, these responses of stimulated CD4+ T cells may be due to not only direct effects of cADSC-EVs but also to indirect effects through interactions between cADSC-EVs and other immune cells. In conclusion, cADSC-EVs exert immunosuppressive effects on stimulated CD4+ T cells in vitro. These findings may be useful for further studies of immune diseases.
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48
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Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Post-Myocardial Infarction Therapeutic Toolkit: An Experienced View. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091336. [PMID: 34575412 PMCID: PMC8471243 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outstanding progress has been achieved in developing therapeutic options for reasonably alleviating symptoms and prolonging the lifespan of patients suffering from myocardial infarction (MI). Current treatments, however, only partially address the functional recovery of post-infarcted myocardium, which is in fact the major goal for effective primary care. In this context, we largely investigated novel cell and TE tissue engineering therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair, particularly using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and natural extracellular matrices, from pre-clinical studies to clinical application. A further step in this field is offered by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV), which are naturally released nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles with a key role in cell-to-cell communication. Herein, in this review, we further describe and discuss the rationale, outcomes and challenges of our evidence-based therapy approaches using Wharton's jelly MSC and derived EV in post-MI management.
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49
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Wen J, Moloney EB, Canning A, Donohoe E, Ritter T, Wang J, Xiang D, Wu J, Li Y. Synthesized nanoparticles, biomimetic nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles for treatment of autoimmune disease: Comparison and prospect. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105833. [PMID: 34418563 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An emerging strategy is needed to treat autoimmune diseases, many of which are chronic with no definitive cure. Current treatments only alleviate symptoms and have many side effects affecting patient quality of life. Recently, nanoparticle drug delivery systems, an emerging method in medicine, has been used to target cells or organs, without damaging normal tissue. This approach has led to fewer side effects, along with a strong immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, a nanotechnology approach may help to improve the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we separated nanoparticles into three categories: synthesized nanoparticles, biomimetic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles. This review firstly compares the typical mechanism of action of these three nanoparticle categories respectively in terms of active targeting, camouflage effect, and similarity to parent cells. Then their immunomodulation properties are discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by all these nanoparticles are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Canning
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ellen Donohoe
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jiemin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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50
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He J, Ping S, Yu F, Yuan X, Wang J, Qi J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: therapeutic implications for rotator cuff injury. Regen Med 2021; 16:803-815. [PMID: 34261369 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff injuries are a common clinical condition of the shoulder joint. Surgery that involves reattaching the torn tendon to its humeral head bony attachment has a somewhat lower success rate. The scar tissue formed during healing of the rotator cuff leads to poor tendon-related mechanical properties. To promote healing, a range of genetic interventions, as well as cell transplantation, and many other techniques have been explored. In recent years, the therapeutic promise of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been well documented in animal and clinical studies. Some data have suggested that MSCs can promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and cell proliferation and increase collagen deposition. These functions are likely paracrine effects of MSCs, particularly mediated through exosomes. Here, we review the use of MSCs-related exosomes in tissues and organs. We also discuss their potential utility for treating rotator cuff injuries, and explore the underlying mechanisms of their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Shuai Ping
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, PR China
| | - Fangyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, PR China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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