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Zhao G, Wang Y, Xing S, Jiang Y, Ding J, Cai Y, Ma P, Miao H, Fang Y, Jiang N, Cui D, Yu Y, Tang Q, Wang S, Li N. Exosome-based anticancer vaccines: From Bench to Bedside. Cancer Lett 2024:216989. [PMID: 38825162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, are released by all active cells and play a crucial role in intercellular communications. Exosomes could facilitate the transfer of various biologically active molecules, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, from donor to recipient cells, thereby participating in diverse biological and pathological processes. Besides, exosomes possess unique characteristics, including non-toxicity, low-immunogenicity, and stability within biological systems, rendering them highly advantageous for cancer drug development. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes originating from tumor cells and immune cells possess distinct composition profiles that play a direct role in anticancer immunotherapy. Of note, exosomes can transport their contents to specific cells, thereby exerting an impact on the phenotype and immune-regulatory functions of targeted cells. Therapeutic cancer vaccines, an emerging therapeutics of immunotherapy, could enhance antitumor immune responses by delivering a large number of tumor antigens, thereby augmenting the immune response against tumor cells. Therefore, the therapeutic rationale of cancer vaccines and exosome-based immunotherapy are almost similar to some extent, but some challenges have hindered their application in the clinical setting. Here, in this review, we first summarized the biogenesis, structure, compositions, and biological functions of exosomes. Then we described the roles of exosomes in cancer biology, particularly in tumor immunity. We also comprehensively reviewed current exosome-based anticancer vaccine development and we divided them into three types. Finally, we give some insights into clinical translation and clinical trial progress of exosome-based anticancer vaccines for future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhao
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shujun Xing
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yale Jiang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peiwen Ma
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Huilei Miao
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiyu Tang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Abyadeh M, Alikhani M, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomics provides insights into the theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:101-133. [PMID: 38220422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse range of membranous structures derived from cells, including exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles are present in biological fluids and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate intercellular communication by enabling the exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells. Understanding the cellular processes that govern EV biology is essential for unraveling their physiological and pathological functions and their potential clinical applications. Despite significant advancements in EV research in recent years, there is still much to learn about these vesicles. The advent of improved mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques has allowed for a deeper characterization of EV protein composition, providing valuable insights into their roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proteomics studies conducted to identify the protein contents of EVs, which contribute to their therapeutic and pathological features. We also provided evidence on the potential of EV proteome contents as biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response, as well as factors that influence their composition. Additionally, we discuss the available databases containing information on EV proteome contents, and finally, we highlight the need for further research to pave the way toward their utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Luo B, Que Z, Lu X, Qi D, Qiao Z, Yang Y, Qian F, Jiang Y, Li Y, Ke R, Shen X, Xiao H, Li H, Wu E, Tian J. Identification of exosome protein panels as predictive biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:29. [PMID: 37953280 PMCID: PMC10641949 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily due to its propensity for metastasis. Patients diagnosed with localized primary cancer have higher survival rates than those with metastasis. Thus, it is imperative to discover biomarkers for the early detection of NSCLC and the timely prediction of tumor metastasis to improve patient outcomes. METHODS Here, we utilized an integrated approach to isolate and characterize plasma exosomes from NSCLC patients as well as healthy individuals. We then conducted proteomics analysis and parallel reaction monitoring to identify and validate the top-ranked proteins of plasma exosomes. RESULTS Our study revealed that the proteome in exosomes from NSCLC patients with metastasis was distinctly different from that from healthy individuals. The former had larger diameters and lower concentrations of exosomes than the latter. Furthermore, among the 1220 identified exosomal proteins, we identified two distinct panels of biomarkers. The first panel of biomarkers (FGB, FGG, and VWF) showed potential for early NSCLC diagnosis and demonstrated a direct correlation with the survival duration of NSCLC patients. The second panel of biomarkers (CFHR5, C9, and MBL2) emerged as potential biomarkers for assessing NSCLC metastasis, of which CFHR5 alone was significantly associated with the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the potential of plasma exosomal biomarkers for early NSCLC diagnosis and metastasis prediction. Notably, CFHR5 stands out as a promising prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. The clinical utility of exosomal biomarkers offers the potential to enhance the management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zujun Que
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Fangfang Qian
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Prism Genomic Medicine, Sugar Land, TX, 77478, USA
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76502, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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Zhuang BM, Cao DD, Li TX, Liu XF, Lyu MM, Wang SD, Cui XY, Wang L, Chen XL, Lin XL, Lee CL, Chiu PCN, Yeung WSB, Yao YQ. Single-cell characterization of self-renewing primary trophoblast organoids as modeling of EVT differentiation and interactions with decidual natural killer cells. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:618. [PMID: 37853336 PMCID: PMC10583354 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravillous trophoblast cell (EVT) differentiation and its communication with maternal decidua especially the leading immune cell type natural killer (NK) cell are critical events for placentation. However, appropriate in vitro modelling system and regulatory programs of these two events are still lacking. Recent trophoblast organoid (TO) has advanced the molecular and mechanistic research in placentation. Here, we firstly generated the self-renewing TO from human placental villous and differentiated it into EVTs (EVT-TO) for investigating the differentiation events. We then co-cultured EVT-TO with freshly isolated decidual NKs for further study of cell communication. TO modelling of EVT differentiation as well as EVT interaction with dNK might cast new aspect for placentation research. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was applied for comprehensive characterization and molecular exploration of TOs modelling of EVT differentiation and interaction with dNKs. Multiple distinct trophoblast states and dNK subpopulations were identified, representing CTB, STB, EVT, dNK1/2/3 and dNKp. Lineage trajectory and Seurat mapping analysis identified the close resemblance of TO and EVT-TO with the human placenta characteristic. Transcription factors regulatory network analysis revealed the cell-type specific essential TFs for controlling EVT differentiation. CellphoneDB analysis predicted the ligand-receptor complexes in dNK-EVT-TO co-cultures, which relate to cytokines, immunomodulation and angiogenesis. EVT was known to affect the immune properties of dNK. Our study found out that on the other way around, dNKs could exert effects on EVT causing expression changes which are functionally important. CONCLUSION Our study documented a single-cell atlas for TO and its applications on EVT differentiation and communications with dNKs, and thus provide methodology and novel research cues for future study of human placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Mei Zhuang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Medical school of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Tian-Xi Li
- Geneplus-Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Min-Min Lyu
- Department of Clinical-Translational and Basic Research Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Shenzhen, Futian District, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Si-Dong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Medical school of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - William S B Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Yuan-Qing Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Medical school of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li M, Zhou B, Zheng C. An integrated bioinformatic analysis of bulk and single-cell sequencing clarifies immune microenvironment and metabolic profiles of lung adenocarcinoma to predict immunotherapy efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163314. [PMID: 37091977 PMCID: PMC10113470 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as an effective treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, few studies have addressed the efficacy of immunotherapy for LUAD. Here, a novel method for predicting immunotherapy efficacy has been proposed, which combines single-cell and bulk sequencing to characterize the immune microenvironment and metabolic profile of LUAD. TCGA bulk dataset was used to cluster two immune subtypes: C1 with “cold” tumor characteristics and C2 with “hot” tumor characteristics, with different prognosis. The Scissor algorithm, which is based on these two immune subtypes, identified GSE131907 single cell dataset into two groups of epithelial cells, labeled as Scissor_C1 and Scissor_C2. The enrichment revealed that Scissor_C1 was characterized by hypoxia, and a hypoxic microenvironment is a potential inducing factor for tumor invasion, metastasis, and immune therapy non-response. Furthermore, single cell analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of hypoxic microenvironment-induced invasion, metastasis, and immune therapy non-response in LUAD. Notably, Scissor_C1 cells significantly interacted with T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and exhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition and immunosuppressive features. CellChat analysis revealed that a hypoxic microenvironment in Scissor_C1elevated TGFβ signaling and induced ANGPTL4 and SEMA3C secretion. Interaction with endothelial cells with ANGPTL4, which increases vascular permeability and achieves distant metastasis across the vascular endothelium. Additionally, interaction of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and Scissor_C1 via the EREG/EFGR pathway induces tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug-resistance in patients with LAUD. Thereafter, a subgroup of CAF cells that exhibited same features as those of Scissor_C1 that exert immunosuppressive functions in the tumor microenvironment were identified. Moreover, the key genes (EPHB2 and COL1A1) in the Scissor_C1 gene network were explored and their expressions were verified using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the metabolism dysfunction in cells crosstalk was determined, which is characterized by glutamine secretion by TAM and uptake by Scissor_C1 via SLC38A2 transporter, which may induce glutamine addiction in LUAD cells. Overall, single-cell sequencing clarifies how the tumor microenvironment affects immunotherapy efficacy via molecular mechanisms and biological processes, whereas bulk sequencing explains immunotherapy efficacy based on clinical information.
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