1
|
Urquhart AS, Hu J, Chooi YH, Idnurm A. The fungal gene cluster for biosynthesis of the antibacterial agent viriditoxin. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:2. [PMID: 31304040 PMCID: PMC6600887 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viriditoxin is one of the ‘classical’ secondary metabolites produced by fungi and that has antibacterial and other activities; however, the mechanism of its biosynthesis has remained unknown. Results Here, a gene cluster (vdt) responsible for viriditoxin synthesis was identified, via a bioinformatics analysis of the genomes of Paecilomyces variotii and Aspergillus viridinutans that both are viriditoxin producers. The function of the eight-membered gene cluster of P. variotii was characterized by targeted gene disruptions, revealing the roles of each gene in the synthesis of this molecule and establishing its biosynthetic pathway, which includes a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase catalyzed reaction. Additionally, a predicted catalytically-inactive hydrolase was identified as being required for the stereoselective biosynthesis of (M)-viriditoxin. The subcellular localizations of two proteins (VdtA and VdtG) were determined by fusing these proteins to green fluorescent protein, to establish that at least two intracellular structures are involved in the compartmentalization of the synthesis steps of this metabolite. Conclusions The predicted pathway for the synthesis of viriditoxin was established by a combination of genomics, bioinformatics, gene disruption and chemical analysis processes. Hence, this work reveals the basis for the synthesis of an understudied class of fungal secondary metabolites and provides a new model species for understanding the synthesis of biaryl compounds with a chiral axis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40694-019-0072-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Urquhart
- 1School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jinyu Hu
- 2School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- 2School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- 1School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu J, Li H, Chooi YH. Fungal Dirigent Protein Controls the Stereoselectivity of Multicopper Oxidase-Catalyzed Phenol Coupling in Viriditoxin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8068-8072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Hang Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geiser DM, Frisvad JC, Taylor JW. Evolutionary relationships inAspergillussectionFumigatiinferred from partial β-tubulin and hydrophobin DNA sequences. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Geiser
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John W. Taylor
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noh TH, Sen L, Hong J, Lee JH, Moon HR, Jung JH. Antibacterial activities of viriditoxin congeners and synthetic analogues against fish pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4970-4974. [PMID: 29037949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viriditoxin is a fungal secondary metabolite of the fungus Paecilomyces variotii derived from the inner tissues of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. Viriditoxin exhibits antibacterial activity against Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis, which are major pathogens of aqua cultured fish. Viriditoxin induced abnormal cell morphologies in the fish pathogens S. iniae and S. parauberis, presumably by inhibiting FtsZ polymerization as was previously observed in Escherichia coli. Synthetic analogues of viriditoxin, designed based on docking simulation results to FtsZ of Staphylococcus aureus, were prepared and compared with viriditoxin for antibacterial activity. Reconstitution of free hydroxyl or carboxyl groups of the methoxyl or methyl ester groups of viriditoxin led to significant reduction of antibacterial activity, implying that the natural molecule is optimized for antibacterial activity to deter bacteria potentially harmful to Paecilomyces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Liu Sen
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Kurtán T, Yun Wang C, Han Lin W, Orfali R, Müller WE, Daletos G, Proksch P. Cladosporinone, a new viriditoxin derivative from the hypersaline lake derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:702-6. [PMID: 26905758 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new cytotoxic viriditoxin derivative, cladosporinone (1), along with the known viriditoxin (2) and two viriditoxin derivatives (3 and 4) were obtained from the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides isolated from the sediment of a hypersaline lake in Egypt. The structure of the new compound (1) was determined by 1D and 2D NMR measurements as well as by high-resolution ESIMS and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. All isolated compounds were studied for their cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5187Y and for their antibiotic activity against several pathogenic bacteria. Viriditoxin (2) was the most active compound in both bioassays. Compound 1 also exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5187Y with an IC50 value of 0.88 μm, whereas its antibiotic activity was weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Chang Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Werner Eg Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Donner CD. Naphthopyranones--isolation, bioactivity, biosynthesis and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:578-604. [PMID: 25531639 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one (naphthopyranone) moiety forms the structural framework of a group of secondary metabolites that have been isolated from a range of organisms including fungi, bacteria, lichen and plants. This review documents the known naturally occurring naphthopyranones - their isolation, biosynthesis and biological activity. A survey of methods reported for the synthesis of naphthopyranone natural products is presented.
Collapse
|
7
|
Polyphasic taxonomy of the heat resistant ascomycete genus Byssochlamys and its Paecilomyces anamorphs. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2009; 22:14-27. [PMID: 20198134 PMCID: PMC2789542 DOI: 10.3767/003158509x418925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Byssochlamys and related Paecilomyces strains are often heat resistant and may produce mycotoxins in contaminated pasteurised foodstuffs. A comparative study of all Byssochlamys species was carried out using a polyphasic approach to find characters that differentiate species and to establish accurate data on potential mycotoxin production by each species. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region, parts of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes, macro- and micromorphological examinations and analysis of extrolite profiles were applied. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Byssochlamys includes nine species, five of which form a teleomorph, i.e. B. fulva, B. lagunculariae, B. nivea, B. spectabilis and B. zollerniae, while four are asexual, namely P. brunneolus, P. divaricatus, P. formosus and P. saturatus. Among these, B. nivea produces the mycotoxins patulin and byssochlamic acid and the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid. Byssochlamys lagunculariae produces byssochlamic acid and mycophenolic acid and thus chemically resembles B. nivea. Some strains of P. saturatus produce patulin and brefeldin A, while B. spectabilis (anamorph P. variotii s.s.) produces viriditoxin. Some micro- and macromorphological characters are valuable for identification purposes, including the shape and size of conidia and ascospores, presence and ornamentation of chlamydospores, growth rates on MEA and CYA and acid production on CREA. A dichotomous key is provided for species identification based on phenotypical characters.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bringmann G, Günther C, Ochse M, Schupp O, Tasler S. Biaryls in nature: a multi-facetted class of stereochemically, biosynthetically, and pharmacologically intriguing secondary metabolites. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2002; 82:1-249. [PMID: 11892255 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6227-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
|
11
|
Zeeck A, Ruß P, Laatsch H, Loeffler W, Wehrle H, Zähner H, Holst H. Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen, 172. Isolierung des Antibioticumssemi-Vioxanthin ausPenicillium citreo-viride und Synthese des Xanthomegnins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19791120319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|