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Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat, and there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to address the issue. In this study, the possibility of enhancing a whole cell based antibacterial library screen by increasing the dimensionality of the screening effort is explored using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the target organism. One dimension involved generating and screening a human liver microsome metabolized FDA approved drug library. Comparative screening of the un-metabolized (UM) and pre-metabolized (PM) libraries allows identification of intrinsically active agents from the UM library screen and of agents with active metabolites from the PM library screen. To further enhance this screening effort, it was combined with a -/+ resistant to antibiotic screen (-/+ cefoxitin; Cef). This allows the identification of agents that can act synergistically with the resistant to antibiotic. This approach revealed five compounds with substantially improved activity after metabolism and four compounds with substantial synergistic activity with cefoxitin. Capecitabine in particular only had significant antibacterial activity after metabolism. Its metabolites were isolated, identified, and characterized for spectrum of activity along with several other anticancer drugs with anti-MRSA activity. Floxuridine, gemcitabine, novobiocin, and rifaximin were identified as having substantial synergy with cefoxitin from the -/+Cef screens. Checkerboard assays verified synergy for these agents. Floxuridine demonstrated a particularly high degree of synergy with cefoxitin (FIC = 0.14). This study demonstrates how a dimensionally enhanced comparative screening effort can identify new antibacterial agents and strategies for countering antibacterial agent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid J. Ayon
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - William G. Gutheil
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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2
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Shaaban KA, Shaaban M, Meiners M, Schüffler A, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Laatsch H. Boshramycinones A-C: New anthracyclinones produced by a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.: isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1281-1291. [PMID: 31429299 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1645658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Boshramycinones A-C (1-3), three new anthracyclinones, were isolated from the culture broth of the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. Mei 16-1,2 together with 2-acetyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone (4) and bafilomycins B1, B2, and C1-amide. The isolated compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of 3 was determined by comparison of experimental and ab initio-calculated chiroptical data. The antimicrobial activity of the bacterial extract and the isolated compounds were assayed using a set of microorganisms, and cytotoxic activities were determined against 36 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Shaaban
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Anja Schüffler
- Institute for Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | - Hartmut Laatsch
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Elshahawi SI, Shaaban KA, Kharel MK, Thorson JS. A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7591-697. [PMID: 25735878 PMCID: PMC4560691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madan K Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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6
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Abstract
The present review describes research on novel natural cyclobutane-containing alkaloids and synthetic compounds isolated from terrestrial and marine species. More than 210 compounds have been confirmed to show antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. Structures, origins, biosynthesis, photodimerization, and biological activities of a selection of cyclobutane-containing alkaloids and selected synthetic analogs of natural alkaloids are reviewed.
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7
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Krohn K, Sarstedt B. Einfache Synthese des (±)-6-Desoxycarminomycinons aus Aloe-Emodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19830951113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Krohn K, Sarstedt B. Facile Synthesis of the (±)-6-Deoxycarminomycinone from Aloe-Emodin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198308751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Dickens M, Rajgarhia V, Woo A, Priestley N. Anthracyclines. DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1997. [DOI: 10.1201/b14856-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Wagner C, Eckardt K, Ihn W, Schumann G, Stengel C, Fleck WF, Tresselt D. [Biosynthesis of anthracycline: a new interpretation of the results for daunomycin biosynthesis]. J Basic Microbiol 1991; 31:223-40. [PMID: 1920084 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620310311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of literature data and our own experiments the "late" biosynthetic pathway to daunomycin has been interpreted from a new point of view considering both the in vivo biosynthesis and formation of shunt products. In contrast to existing hypotheses proposed by other authors we discuss a modified sequence leading to C-11 oxidation and, as a consequence, understand epsilon-rhodomycinone as a shunt product instead of a biosynthetic intermediate. In addition, a new hypothesis about the "early" steps of the ring formation from polyketides by a sequence of enzyme reactions has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena, Germany
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11
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Uemura M. Tricarbonyl(n6-Arene)Chromium Complexes in Organic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-89232-948-9.50009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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12
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Huk J, Blumauerova M. Streptomycetes producing daunomycin and related compounds: do we know enough about them after 25 years? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1989; 34:324-49. [PMID: 2691361 DOI: 10.1007/bf02814475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing need of highly potent anticancer agents has stimulated the investigation of streptomycetes producing daunomycin-type anthracyclines. This review compares the features of production strains and their mutants and emphasizes the necessity of application of biochemical and biophysical analytical methods for better understanding these microorganisms and, above all, their further improving and practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huk
- Research Institute of Antibiotics and Biotransformation, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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Gräfe U, Dornberger K, Wagner C, Eckardt K. Advances in bioconversion of anthracycline antibiotics. Biotechnol Adv 1989; 7:215-39. [PMID: 14545932 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(89)90359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade new anthracycline-type structures with potential usefulness in cancer treatment have been supplied both by new microbial strains and by bioconversions of precursor molecules employing cells or enzymes. We highlight recent advances in bioconversion of anthracycline structures with the main focus on late transformations such as are carried out by oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gräfe
- Central Institute of Microbiology and Experimental Therapy, GDR Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 73, Jena 6900, G.D.R
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Identification of new elloramycins, anthracycline-like antibiotics, in biological cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Tamura Y, Sasho M, Ohe H, Akai S, Kita Y. A short and efficient synthesis of 11-deoxyanthracyclinones: strong base-induced cycloaddition of the suitably substituted tetrahydrohomophthalic anhydride. Tetrahedron Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)98549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Wagner C, Eckardt K, Tresselt D, Ihn W, Schumann G, Fleck WF. [Leukaemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments. III. 11-Desoxydaunomycinone derivatives from the mutant ZIMET 43699/G44]. J Basic Microbiol 1985; 25:687-93. [PMID: 3937895 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620251021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and identification of several anthracyclinones (designated as G44-K4/5, G44-G1, G44-G2) and anthracyclines (G44-A, B, C, D, E, F, G) produced by the mutant strain IMET JA 3933/G44 of the daunomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus strain IMET JA 3933 are described. G44-K4/5 was found to be identical with 7,11-dideoxy-13-dihydrodaunomycinone previously isolated from a mutant strain of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus. Compound G44-G1 was identified as 11-deoxydaunomycinone, the aglycone of the antibiotic 11-deoxydaunomycin. G44-G2 was found to be a stereoisomer of G44-G1. The NMR and CD spectral data suggest strongly that the compound is 7-epi-11-deoxydaunomycinone. Of the 7 isolated G44-glycosides only the major component G44-B could be identified. Comparison with an authentic sample revealed that this compound is 11-deoxydaunomycin which had previously been isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. aureus and Micromonospora peucetica. As reported for S. coeruleorubidus, S. peucetius var. aureus, and Micromonospora peucetica the 11-deoxydaunomycinone derivatives described in this paper were isolated from the fermentation broth of a mutant of a daunomycin-producing wild type strain. This suggest that in general the accumulation of 11-deoxydaunomycinone derivatives may be the result of a block of C11-hydroxylation in the normal biosynthetic pathway of daunomycin and its analogues.
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19
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A brief and regiospecific synthesis of the late-stage intermediate to 11-deoxyanthracyclinones. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)91551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ihn W, Wagner C, Fleck WF, Tresselt D, Eritt I, Sedmera P. [Leukemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments. II. New 7-hydroxy-bisnahydro-rhodomycinones from the mutant ZIMET 41707/1P]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1984; 24:525-32. [PMID: 6438926 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Various blocked mutants were isolated from three leukaemomycin-(daunomycin-)producing strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5142 and IMET JA 5570 of Streptomyces griseus by NTG and UV treatments. Among them, one class of four mutants ZIMET 43707/1P, IMET JA 5570/3P, IMET JA 5570/10P and IMET JA 5142/01P1 produced new blue and red pigments. Two red compounds designated 1PI and 1PII are the main components of the pigment complex produced by culture of the blocked mutant ZIMET 43707/1P. This paper describes the isolation of 1PI and IPII; furthermore, the spectral and physicochemical properties of these anthracyclinones and the elucidation of their structures are reported.
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Penco S, Angelucci F, Ballai M, Barchielli G, Suarato A, Vanotti E, Vigvani A, Arcamone F. Regiospecific total synthesis of 6-deoxyanthracyclines. Tetrahedron 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Krohn K, Sarstedt B. Einfache Synthese des (?+)-6-Desoxycarminomycinons aus Aloe-Emodin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198312670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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