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Li C, Yan X, Yang Y, Nou X, Sun Z, Lillehoj HS, Lu M, Harlow K, Rivera I. In vitro and genomic mining studies of anti-Clostridium perfringens Compounds Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103871. [PMID: 38848632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important opportunistic microorganism in commercial poultry production that is implicated in necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks. This disease poses a severe financial burden on the global poultry industry, causing estimated annual losses of $6 billion globally. The ban on in-feed antibiotic growth promoters has spurred investigations into approaches of alternatives to antibiotics, among which Bacillus probiotics have demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness against NE. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Bacillus-mediated beneficial effects on host responses in NE remain to be further elucidated. In this manuscript, we conducted in vitro and genomic mining analysis to investigate anti-C. perfringens activity observed in the supernatants derived from 2 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains (FS1092 and BaD747). Both strains demonstrated potent anti-C. perfringens activities in in vitro studies. An analysis of genomes from 15 B. amyloliquefaciens, 11 B. velezensis, and 2 B. subtilis strains has revealed an intriguing clustering pattern among strains known to possess anti-C. perfringens activities. Furthermore, our investigation has identified 7 potential antimicrobial compounds, predicted as secondary metabolites through antiSMASH genomic mining within the published genomes of B. amyloliquefaciens species. Based on in vitro analysis, BaD747 may have the potential as a probiotic in the control of NE. These findings not only enhance our understanding of B. amyloliquefaciens's action against C. perfringens but also provide a scientific rationale for the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutic agents against NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Xianghe Yan
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yishan Yang
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Zhifeng Sun
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - KaLynn Harlow
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Israel Rivera
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Yousfi S, Krier F, Deracinois B, Steels S, Coutte F, Frikha-Gargouri O. Characterization of Bacillus velezensis 32a metabolites and their synergistic bioactivity against crown gall disease. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127569. [PMID: 38103466 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is considered to be the main bacterial threat of stone fruit plants in Mediterranean countries. In a previous study, Bacillus velezensis strain 32a was isolated from Tunisian rhizosphere soil and revealed high antagonistic potential against A. tumefaciens strains. In order to better characterize the antagonistic activity of this strain against this important plant pathogen, the production of secondary metabolites was analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results revealed the production of different compounds identified as surfactins, fengycins, iturins and bacillibactin belonging to the lipopeptide group, three polyketides (macrolactins, oxydifficidin and bacillaenes), bacilysin and its chlorinated derivative; chlorotetaine. The involvement of lipopeptides in this antagonistic activity was ruled out by performing agar and broth dilution tests with pure molecules. Thus, the construction of B. velezensis 32a mutants defective in polyketides and bacilysin biosynthesis and their antagonistic activity was performed and compared to a set of derivative mutants of a comparable strain, B. velezensis GA1. The defective difficidin mutants (△dfnA and △dfnD) were unable to inhibit the growth of A. tumefaciens, indicating the high-level contribution of difficidin in the antagonism process. While the macrolactin deficient mutant (∆mlnA) slightly decreased the activity, suggesting a synergetic effect with difficidin. Remarkably, the mutant △dhbC only deficient in bacillibactin production showed significant reduction in its capacity to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium.Taken collectively, our results showed the strong synergetic effect of difficidin and macrolactins and the significant implication of siderophore to manage crown gall disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Yousfi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Krier
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Steels
- Université de Liège, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, équipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - François Coutte
- Université de Lille, UMRt BioEcoAgro 1158-INRAE, Equipe Métabolites Secondaires d'Origine Microbienne, Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Olfa Frikha-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ji S, Tian Y, Xu G, Chen Y, Li J, Long T, He W, Fan J, Tang X. Complete genome sequence analysis of Bacillus velezensis A5, a promising biocontrol agent from the Pacific Ocean. Mar Genomics 2024; 73:101087. [PMID: 38365347 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2024.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease, which seriously damages the growth of tobacco crops. Bacillus velezensis A5 was isolated from 3000 m deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean, and was found to be antagonistic to TBW. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain A5, which has a 4,000,699-bp single circular chromosome with 3827 genes and a G + C content of 46.44%, 87 tRNAs, and 27 rRNAs. A total of 12 gene clusters were identified in the genome of strain A5, which were responsible for the biosynthesis of antibacterial compounds, including surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, difficidin, bacillibactin, and bacilysin. Additionally, strain A5 was found to contain a series of genes related to the biosynthesis of carbohydrate-active enzymes and secreted proteins. Our results indicate that strain A5 can be considered a promising biocontrol agent against TBW in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Ji
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Guangxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Teng Long
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Wei He
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Jianqiang Fan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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Glycosylated and Succinylated Macrocyclic Lactones with Amyloid-β-Aggregation-Regulating Activity from a Marine Bacillus sp. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020067. [PMID: 36827108 PMCID: PMC9962899 DOI: 10.3390/md21020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new glycosylated and succinylated macrocyclic lactones, succinyl glyco-oxydifficidin (1) and succinyl macrolactin O (2), were isolated from a Bacillus strain collected from an intertidal mudflat on Anmyeon Island in Korea. The planar structures of 1 and 2 were proposed using mass spectrometric analysis and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by optical rotation, J-based configuration analysis, chemical derivatizations, including the modified Mosher's method, and quantum-mechanics-based calculation. Biological evaluation of 1 and 2 revealed that succinyl glyco-oxydifficidin (1) inhibited/dissociated amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, whereas succinyl macrolactin O (2) inhibited Aβ aggregation, indicating their therapeutic potential for disassembling and removing Aβ aggregation.
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Iqbal S, Begum F, Rabaan AA, Aljeldah M, Al Shammari BR, Alawfi A, Alshengeti A, Sulaiman T, Khan A. Classification and Multifaceted Potential of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus subtilis Group: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030927. [PMID: 36770594 PMCID: PMC9919246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their remarkable biosynthetic potential, Bacillus subtilis have been widely overlooked. However, their capability to withstand harsh conditions (extreme temperature, Ultraviolet (UV) and γ-radiation, and dehydration) and the promiscuous metabolites they synthesize have created increased commercial interest in them as a therapeutic agent, a food preservative, and a plant-pathogen control agent. Nevertheless, the commercial-scale availability of these metabolites is constrained due to challenges in their accessibility via synthesis and low fermentation yields. In the context of this rising in interest, we comprehensively visualized the antimicrobial peptides produced by B. subtilis and highlighted their prospective applications in various industries. Moreover, we proposed and classified these metabolites produced by the B. subtilis group based on their biosynthetic pathways and chemical structures. The biosynthetic pathway, bioactivity, and chemical structure are discussed in detail for each class. We believe that this review will spark a renewed interest in the often disregarded B. subtilis and its remarkable biosynthetic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Farida Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alawfi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Yuan W, Ruan S, Qi G, Wang R, Zhao X. Plant growth-promoting and antibacterial activities of cultivable bacteria alive in tobacco field against Ralstonia solanacearum. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1411-1429. [PMID: 35112429 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to decrease of crops yield. Investigation of cultivable bacteria diversity provides more microbial species for screening antagonistic bacteria. In the present study, a variety of cultivation methods were used to investigate the diversity of cultivable bacteria alive in tobacco field. A total of 441 bacterial strains were obtained that belonged to four phyla, 49 genera and 146 species. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla. Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Paenarthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Pseudarthrobacter were the dominant genera. Some rare genera were discovered including Bosea, Cedecea, Delftia and Dyella. Diversity, species and abundances of bacteria altered under different cultivation conditions. One hundred three bacterial strains showed plant growth-promoting attributes. Twenty Bacillus strains showed high antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. In field experiments, individual strain and consortia of Bacillus subtilis, B. siamensis and B. vallismortis effectively inhibited bacterial wilt. The core genes that controlled synthesis of secondary metabolites were knocked out in B. vallismortis SSB-10. Difficidin, which was synthesized by dif operon and controlled by sfp gene, was the antibacterial substance produced by SSB-10. Difficidin destroyed cell wall and cell membrane of R. solanacearum and inhibited its motility, production of extracellular polysaccharides and cellulase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Song Ruan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Influence of extracellular protein isolated from fish gut associated bacteria as an enhancer of growth and innate immune system in Mugil cephalus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3217. [PMID: 35217708 PMCID: PMC8881613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultural microbiomes of 27 bacteria colonies were isolated from Mugil cephalus for analysis of the antibacterial and antagonistic activities. A potent probiotic bacterium was characterized using16S r RNA sequencing. The potent strain was added to fish diet to perform the challenge test and to study the growth and immunological parameter. The extracellular proteins from the probiotic were collected and characterized using MALDI TOF/TOF. Out of G27, G9 strain inhibited all the five pathogenic strains. An isolated bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis PRBD09 with accession number KF765648. After 35 days of feeding period B. subtilis PRBD09 enhance the both cellular and humoral immune responses, which responsible for survive of the Mugil cephalus against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The MALDI TOF sample 08 and 09 were recognized as hypothetical proteins based on the MALDI TOF sample. A cytidinedeaminase was found in samples 10, 11, and 12. Extracellular proteins may be involved for the immunological increase in Mugil cephalus against Aeromonas hydrophila, according to the current research.
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Kassem MA, Saafan AE, Bayomy F, El-Gendy AO. Exploring clinically isolated Staphylococcus sp. bacteriocins revealed the production of amonabactin, micrococcin, and α-circulocin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:212-224. [PMID: 34540157 PMCID: PMC8408034 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i2.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bacteriocins are considered alternative non-conventional antimicrobials produced by certain bacteria with activity against closely related species. The present study focuses on screening, characterization, and partial purification of bacteriocins produced by Staphylococcus sp. isolated from different clinical sources such as pus and blood. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 Staphylococcus isolates were screened for bacteriocin production using spot on lawn assay and agar diffusion method against five indicator bacteria. Bacteriocins from five selected highly active isolates were subjected to proteinase-K enzyme, different pH, and heating at different temperatures, and investigated the stabilities of their antimicrobials. Two selected isolates, MK65 and MK88, were molecularly identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, explored for the presence of 18 bacteriocin genes, and liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) was used to identify their different metabolites. Results: Twenty isolates exhibited inhibitory effect against at least one indicator bacteria. Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698 showed the highest sensitivity to such bacteriocins. Proteinase K, acidic pH, and heating at 100°C triggered marked activity inhibition. However, amylase enzyme, alkaline pH, and heating at 80°C caused trivial effects. Four out of eighteen bacteriocin genes were detected using PCR. Fermentation, partial purification, and LC-HRESIMS of total protein extracts of two selected isolates, MK65 and MK88, revealed the production of different antimicrobial peptides. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the production of micrococcin and α-circulocin from Staphylococcus aureus MK65 and the production of amonabactin from Staphylococcus epidermidis MK88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Kassem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amal Eissa Saafan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufeia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Faten Bayomy
- Department of Immunogenetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osama El-Gendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ferreira WT, Hong HA, Hess M, Adams JRG, Wood H, Bakun K, Tan S, Baccigalupi L, Ferrari E, Brisson A, Ricca E, Teresa Rejas M, Meijer WJJ, Soloviev M, Cutting SM. Micellar Antibiotics of Bacillus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081296. [PMID: 34452257 PMCID: PMC8399155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Bacillus genus, particularly the “Bacillus subtilis group”, are known to produce amphipathic lipopeptides with biosurfactant activity. This includes the surfactins, fengycins and iturins that have been associated with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. We have screened a large collection of Bacillus, isolated from human, animal, estuarine water and soil samples and found that the most potent lipopeptide producers are members of the species Bacillus velezensis. B. velezensis lipopeptides exhibited anti-bacterial activity which was localised on the surface of both vegetative cells and spores. Interestingly, lipopeptide micelles (6–10 nm diameter) were detectable in strains exhibiting the highest levels of activity. Micelles were stable (heat and gastric stable) and shown to entrap other antimicrobials produced by the host bacterium (exampled here was the dipeptide antibiotic chlorotetaine). Commercially acquired lipopeptides did not exhibit similar levels of inhibitory activity and we suspect that micelle formation may relate to the particular isomeric forms produced by individual bacteria. Using naturally produced micelle formulations we demonstrated that they could entrap antimicrobial compounds (e.g., clindamycin, vancomycin and resveratrol). Micellar incorporation of antibiotics increased activity. Bacillus is a prolific producer of antimicrobials, and this phenomenon could be exploited naturally to augment antimicrobial activity. From an applied perspective, the ability to readily produce Bacillus micelles and formulate with drugs enables a possible strategy for enhanced drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Huynh A. Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Mateusz Hess
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - James R. G. Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Hannah Wood
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; (H.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Karolina Bakun
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; (H.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Sisareuth Tan
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Moléculaire et Nano-Bio-Technologie, UMR-CBMN CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IPB, 33607 Pessac, France; (S.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Alain Brisson
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Moléculaire et Nano-Bio-Technologie, UMR-CBMN CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IPB, 33607 Pessac, France; (S.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - María Teresa Rejas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), C. Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.R.); (W.J.J.M.)
| | - Wilfried J. J. Meijer
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), C. Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.R.); (W.J.J.M.)
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Simon M. Cutting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (W.T.F.); (H.A.H.); (M.H.); (J.R.G.A.); (M.S.)
- SporeGen Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; (H.W.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou P, Huang H, Lu J, Zhu Z, Xie J, Xia L, Luo S, Zhou K, Chen W, Ding X. The mutated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain shows high resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii in grass carp. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126801. [PMID: 34139525 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 (BaX030) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. To improve its antibacterial effect, BaX030 was subjected to compound mutagenesis of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) and nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The results showed that, compared with the original strain, the production of macrolactin A and oxydifficidin in mutated strain N-11 increased to 39 % and 268 %, respectively. The re-sequencing analysis suggested that there were SNPs and InDels in the gene clusters focused on the sucrose utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and fatty acid synthesis pathway. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that strain N-11 became thin and long. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of immune factors in the liver or kidney tissue of grass carp increased after feeding with N-11. H&E staining and protection experiments also showed that the mortality and surface symptoms of grass carp infected by the two pathogens were significantly reduced. The study identified a probiotic strain with potential application value in aquaculture production and provided a new strategy for the discovery of new strains with higher antibacterial biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Haiyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Jiaoyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Zirong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Junyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Sisi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Kexuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Wenhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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11
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Dagher F, Nickzad A, Zheng J, Hoffmann M, Déziel E. Characterization of the biocontrol activity of three bacterial isolates against the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1202. [PMID: 34180603 PMCID: PMC8182272 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are sprayed on apple and pear orchards to control, among other pathogens, the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. As with many other pathogens, we observe the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of E. amylovora. Consequently, growers are looking for alternative solutions to combat fire blight. To find alternatives to antibiotics against this pathogen, we have previously isolated three bacterial strains with antagonistic and extracellular activity against E. amylovora, both in vitro and in planta, corresponding to three different bacterial genera: Here, we identified the inhibitory mode of action of each of the three isolates against E. amylovora. Isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (now B. velezensis) FL50S produces several secondary metabolites including surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Specifically, we identified oxydifficidin as the most active against E. amylovora S435. Pseudomonas poae FL10F produces an active extracellular compound against E. amylovora S435 that can be attributed to white-line-inducing principle (WLIP), a cyclic lipopeptide belonging to the viscosin subfamily (massetolide E, F, L, or viscosin). Pantoea agglomerans NY60 has a direct cell-to-cell antagonistic effect against E. amylovora S435. By screening mutants of this strain generated by random transposon insertion with decreased antagonist activity against strain S435, we identified several defective transposants. Of particular interest was a mutant in a gene coding for a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporter corresponding to a transmembrane protein predicted to be involved in the extracytoplasmic localization of griseoluteic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the broad-spectrum phenazine antibiotic D-alanylgriseoluteic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Dagher
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
| | - Arvin Nickzad
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
| | - Jie Zheng
- US Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Science Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- US Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Science Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand‐Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)LavalQuébecH7V 1B7Canada
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12
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Kim YS, Lee Y, Cheon W, Park J, Kwon HT, Balaraju K, Kim J, Yoon YJ, Jeon Y. Characterization of Bacillus velezensis AK-0 as a biocontrol agent against apple bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Sci Rep 2021; 11:626. [PMID: 33436839 PMCID: PMC7804190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus genus produces several secondary metabolites with biocontrol ability against various phytopathogens. Bacillus velezensis AK-0 (AK-0), an antagonistic strain isolated from Korean ginseng rhizospheric soil, was found to exhibit antagonistic activity against several phytopathogens. To further display the genetic mechanism of the biocontrol traits of AK-0, we report the complete genome sequence of AK-0 and compared it with complete genome sequences of closely related strains. We report the biocontrol activity of AK-0 against apple bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which could lead to commercialization of this strain as a microbial biopesticide in Korea. To retain its biocontrol efficacy for a longer period, AK-0 has been formulated with ingredients for commercialization, named AK-0 product formulation (AK-0PF). AK-0PF played a role in the suppression of the mycelial growth of the fungicide-resistant pathogen C. gloeosporioides YCHH4 at a greater level than the non-treated control. Moreover, AK-0PF exhibited greater disease suppression of bitter rot in matured under field conditions. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the AK-0 strain, which has a 3,969,429 bp circular chromosome with 3808 genes and a G+C content of 46.5%. The genome sequence of AK-0 provides a greater understanding of the Bacillus species, which displays biocontrol activity via secondary metabolites. The genome has eight potential secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, among which, ituD and bacD genes were expressed at a greater level than other genes. This work provides a better understanding of the strain AK-0, as an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) against phytopathogens, including bitter rot in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Institute, Kyung Nong Co., Ltd., Gyeongju, 38175, Republic of Korea
| | - Younmi Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsu Cheon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Tae Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jun Yoon
- Research Department, KOREABIO Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, 18514, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Xu S, Xie X, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Chai A, Li L, Li B. Whole-genome analysis of bacillus velezensis ZF2, a biocontrol agent that protects cucumis sativus against corynespora leaf spot diseases. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:186. [PMID: 32257742 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. have been widely described for their potentials to protect plants against pathogens. Here, we reported the whole genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis ZF2, which was isolated from the stem of a healthy cucumber plant. Strain ZF2 showed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities against many plant bacterial and fungal pathogens, including the cucumber leaf spot fungus Corynespora cassiicola. The complete genome of B. velezensis ZF2 contained a 3,931,418-bp circular chromosome, with an average G + C content of 46.50%. Genome comparison revealed closest similarity between ZF2 and other B. velezensis strains. Genes homologous to 14 gene clusters for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were identified in the ZF2 genome. Also identified were a number of genes involved in bacterial colonization, including the genes for motility, biofilm formation, flagella biosynthesis, and capsular biosynthesis. Numerous genes associated with plant-bacteria interactions, including cellulase or protease biosynthesis, and plant growth promotion were also identified in the ZF2 genome. Overall, our data will aid future studies of the biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis ZF2 and promote its application in vegetable disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xuewen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ali Chai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Baoju Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Im SM, Yu NH, Joen HW, Kim SO, Park HW, Park AR, Kim JC. Biological control of tomato bacterial wilt by oxydifficidin and difficidin-producing Bacillus methylotrophicus DR-08. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:130-137. [PMID: 31973849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus methylotrophicus DR-08 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, a causal agent of tomato bacterial wilt. This study aimed to identify the antibacterial metabolites and evaluate the efficacy of the strain as a biocontrol agent for tomato bacterial wilt. A butanol extract of the DR-08 broth culture completely inhibited the growth of 14 phytopathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.95-500 μg/mL. R. solanacearum was highly sensitive to the DR-08 extract, with an MIC value of 12.62 μg/mL. Two antibacterial metabolites were isolated and identified as difficidin and oxydifficidin derivatives through bioassay-guided fractionation and instrumental analyses. Both metabolite derivatives inhibited the growth of most of the phytopathogenic bacteria tested and the oxydifficidin derivatives generally presented a stronger antibacterial activity than the difficidin derivatives. A 30% suspension concentrate of DR-08, at a 500-fold dilution, effectively suppressed the development of tomato bacterial wilt in pot and field experiments. It also effectively reduced the development of bacterial leaf spot symptoms on peach and red pepper. The results of this study suggests that B. methylotrophicus DR-08 can be utilized as a biocontrol agent for various bacterial plant diseases including tomato bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Mi Im
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Joen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ok Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- R&D Division, World Institute of Kimchi, 86 Kimchi-ro, Nam-gu, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kaspar F, Neubauer P, Gimpel M. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2038-2053. [PMID: 31287310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is widely underappreciated for its inherent biosynthetic potential. This report comprehensively summarizes the known bioactive secondary metabolites from B. subtilis and highlights potential applications as plant pathogen control agents, drugs, and biosurfactants. B. subtilis is well known for the production of cyclic lipopeptides exhibiting strong surfactant and antimicrobial activities, such as surfactins, iturins, and fengycins. Several polyketide-derived macrolides as well as nonribosomal peptides, dihydroisocoumarins, and linear lipopeptides with antimicrobial properties have been reported, demonstrating the biosynthetic arsenal of this bacterium. Promising efforts toward the application of B. subtilis strains and their natural products in areas of agriculture and medicine are underway. However, industrial-scale availability of these compounds is currently limited by low fermentation yields and challenging accessibility via synthesis, necessitating the development of genetically engineered strains and optimized cultivation processes. We hope that this review will attract renewed interest in this often-overlooked bacterium and its impressive biosynthetic skill set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kaspar
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin , Ackerstraße 76 , 13355 Berlin , Germany
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16
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Caulier S, Nannan C, Gillis A, Licciardi F, Bragard C, Mahillon J. Overview of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Members of the Bacillus subtilis Group. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:302. [PMID: 30873135 PMCID: PMC6401651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seven decades, applications using members of the Bacillus subtilis group have emerged in both food processes and crop protection industries. Their ability to form survival endospores and the plethora of antimicrobial compounds they produce has generated an increased industrial interest as food preservatives, therapeutic agents and biopesticides. In the growing context of food biopreservation and biological crop protection, this review suggests a comprehensive way to visualize the antimicrobial spectrum described within the B. subtilis group, including volatile compounds. This classification distinguishes the bioactive metabolites based on their biosynthetic pathways and chemical nature: i.e., ribosomal peptides (RPs), volatile compounds, polyketides (PKs), non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), and hybrids between PKs and NRPs. For each clade, the chemical structure, biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity are described and exemplified. This review aims at constituting a convenient and updated classification of antimicrobial metabolites from the B. subtilis group, whose complex phylogeny is prone to further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Caulier
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Laboratory of Phytopathology-Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Catherine Nannan
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annika Gillis
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florent Licciardi
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claude Bragard
- Laboratory of Phytopathology-Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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17
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Olishevska S, Nickzad A, Déziel E. Bacillus and Paenibacillus secreted polyketides and peptides involved in controlling human and plant pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1189-1215. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Harwood CR, Mouillon JM, Pohl S, Arnau J. Secondary metabolite production and the safety of industrially important members of the Bacillus subtilis group. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:721-738. [PMID: 30053041 PMCID: PMC6199538 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the 'Bacillus subtilis group' include some of the most commercially important bacteria, used for the production of a wide range of industrial enzymes and fine biochemicals. Increasingly, group members have been developed for use as animal feed enhancers and antifungal biocontrol agents. The group has long been recognised to produce a range of secondary metabolites and, despite their long history of safe usage, this has resulted in an increased focus on their safety. Traditional methods used to detect the production of secondary metabolites and other potentially harmful compounds have relied on phenotypic tests. Such approaches are time consuming and, in some cases, lack specificity. Nowadays, accessibility to genome data and associated bioinformatical tools provides a powerful means for identifying gene clusters associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. This review focuses primarily on well-characterised strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis and their synthesis of non-ribosomally synthesised peptides and polyketides. Where known, the activities and toxicities of their secondary metabolites are discussed, together with the limitations of assays currently used to assess their toxicity. Finally, the regulatory framework under which such strains are authorised for use in the production of food and feed enzymes is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Harwood
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Jean-Marie Mouillon
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoevej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Susanne Pohl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - José Arnau
- Department of Fungal Strain Technology and Strain Approval Support, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoevej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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19
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Chen L, Heng J, Qin S, Bian K. A comprehensive understanding of the biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis LM2303 against Fusarium head blight. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198560. [PMID: 29856856 PMCID: PMC5983450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) mainly caused by F. graminearum, always brings serious damage to wheat production worldwide. In this study, we found that strain LM2303 had strong antagonist activity against F. graminearum and significantly reduced disease severity of FHB with the control efficiency of 72.3% under field conditions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the biocontrol potential of strain LM2303 against FHB, an integrated approach of genome mining and chemical analysis was employed. The whole genome of strain LM2303 was obtained and analyzed, showing the largest number of genes/gene clusters associated with biocontrol functions as compared with the known biocontrol strains (FZB42, M75, CAU B946). And strain LM2303 was accurately determined as a member of the B. velezensis clade using the phylogenomic analysis of single-copy core genes. Through genome mining, 13 biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) encoding secondary metabolites with biocontrol functions were identified, which were further confirmed through chemical analyses such as UHPLC-ESI-MS, including three antifungal metabolites (fengycin B, iturin A, and surfactin A), eight antibacterial metabolites (surfactin A, butirosin, plantazolicin and hydrolyzed plantazolicin, kijanimicin, bacilysin, difficidin, bacillaene A and bacillaene B, 7-o-malonyl macrolactin A and 7-o-succinyl macrolactin A), the siderophore bacillibactin, molybdenum cofactor and teichuronic acid. In addition, genes/gene clusters involved in plant colonization, plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance were also found and analyzed, along with the corresponding metabolites. Finally, four different mechanisms of strain LM2303 involved in the biocontrol of FHB were putatively obtained. This work provides better insights into a mechanistic understanding of strain LM2303 in control of FHB, reinforcing the higher potential of this strain as a powerful biocontrol strain agent (BCA) for FHB control. The results also provide scientific reference and comparison for other biocontrol strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Storage Security in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Heng
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suya Qin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Storage Security in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Paterson J, Jahanshah G, Li Y, Wang Q, Mehnaz S, Gross H. The contribution of genome mining strategies to the understanding of active principles of PGPR strains. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw249. [PMID: 27986826 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms and insects affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to food production and the ecosystem worldwide. As agricultural production has intensified over the years, the use of agrochemicals has in turn increased. However, this extensive usage has had several detrimental effects, with a pervasive environmental impact and the emergence of pathogen resistance. In addition, there is an increasing tendency among consumers to give preference to pesticide-free food products. Biological control, through the employment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), is therefore considered a possible route to the reduction, even the elimination, of the use of agrochemicals. PGPR exert their beneficial influence by a multitude of mechanisms, often involving antibiotics and proteins, to defend the host plant against pathogens. To date, these key metabolites have been uncovered only by systematic investigation or by serendipity; their discovery has nevertheless been propelled by the genomic revolution of recent years, as increasing numbers of genomic studies have been integrated into this field, facilitating a holistic view of this topic and the rapid identification of ecologically important metabolites. This review surveys the highlights and advances of genome-driven compound and protein discovery in the field of bacterial PGPR strains, and aims to advocate for the benefits of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Paterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Jahanshah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Nastro RA, Arguelles-Arias A, Ongena M, Di Costanzo A, Trifuoggi M, Guida M, Fickers P. Antimicrobial Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ANT1 Toward Pathogenic Bacteria and Mold: Effects on Biofilm Formation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 5:252-8. [PMID: 26783071 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The intensive use and misuse of antibiotics over the last decades have generated a strong selective pressure for the emergence of multi-resistant strains and nosocomial infections. Biofilm has been demonstrated as a key parameter in spreading infections, especially in hospitals and healthcare units. Therefore, the development of novel anti-biofilm drugs is actually of the upmost importance. Here, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities toward pathogenic microorganisms of a set of non-ribosomal synthesized peptides and polyketides isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ANT1 culture supernatant are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Nastro
- Department of Sciences for the Environment, University Parthenope of Naples, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anthony Arguelles-Arias
- Centre d'Ingenierie des Proteines, Bacterial Physiology and Genetics, Allée de la chimie, Université de Liège, Bat. B6, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Unité de Bio-Industrie, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amelia Di Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed.4, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed.7, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Unité de Biotechnologies et Bioprocédés, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av F.-D. Roosevelt, 50, CP165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Wu L, Wu H, Chen L, Yu X, Borriss R, Gao X. Difficidin and bacilysin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12975. [PMID: 26268540 PMCID: PMC4534799 DOI: 10.1038/srep12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak are serious, economically damaging, diseases of rice caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 was shown to possess biocontrol activity against these Xanthomonas strains by producing the antibiotic compounds difficidin and bacilysin. Analyses using fluorescence, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy revealed difficidin and bacilysin caused changes in the cell wall and structure of Xanthomonas. Biological control experiments on rice plants demonstrated the ability of difficidin and bacilysin to suppress disease. Difficidin and bacilysin caused downregulated expression of genes involved in Xanthomonas virulence, cell division, and protein and cell wall synthesis. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against bacterial diseases of rice, and the utility of difficidin and bacilysin as antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Mousa WK, Raizada MN. Biodiversity of genes encoding anti-microbial traits within plant associated microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 25914708 PMCID: PMC4392301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant is an attractive versatile home for diverse associated microbes. A subset of these microbes produces a diversity of anti-microbial natural products including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids, heterocylic nitrogenous compounds, volatile compounds, bacteriocins, and lytic enzymes. In recent years, detailed molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. New genomic and bioinformatic tools have permitted comparisons of orthologous genes between species, leading to predictions of the associated evolutionary mechanisms responsible for diversification at the genetic and corresponding biochemical levels. The purpose of this review is to describe the biodiversity of biosynthetic genes of plant-associated bacteria and fungi that encode selected examples of antimicrobial natural products. For each compound, the target pathogen and biochemical mode of action are described, in order to draw attention to the complexity of these phenomena. We review recent information of the underlying molecular diversity and draw lessons through comparative genomic analysis of the orthologous coding sequences (CDS). We conclude by discussing emerging themes and gaps, discuss the metabolic pathways in the context of the phylogeny and ecology of their microbial hosts, and discuss potential evolutionary mechanisms that led to the diversification of biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityMansoura, Egypt
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
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Genome mining: Prediction of lipopeptides and polyketides from Bacillus and related Firmicutes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:192-203. [PMID: 25893081 PMCID: PMC4397504 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus and related genera in the Bacillales within the Firmicutes harbor a variety of secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases responsible for remarkable diverse number of polyketides (PKs) and lipopeptides (LPs). These compounds may be utilized for medical and agricultural applications. Here, we summarize the knowledge on structural diversity and underlying gene clusters of LPs and PKs in the Bacillales. Moreover, we evaluate by using published prediction tools the potential metabolic capacity of these bacteria to produce type I PKs or LPs. The huge sequence repository of bacterial genomes and metagenomes provides the basis for such genome-mining to reveal the potential for novel structurally diverse secondary metabolites. The otherwise cumbersome task to isolate often unstable PKs and deduce their structure can be streamlined. Using web based prediction tools, we identified here several novel clusters of PKs and LPs from genomes deposited in the database. Our analysis suggests that a substantial fraction of predicted LPs and type I PKs are uncharacterized, and their functions remain to be studied. Known and predicted LPs and PKs occurred in the majority of the plant associated genera, predominantly in Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Surprisingly, many genera from other environments contain no or few of such compounds indicating the role of these secondary metabolites in plant-associated niches.
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Hossain MJ, Ran C, Liu K, Ryu CM, Rasmussen-Ivey CR, Williams MA, Hassan MK, Choi SK, Jeong H, Newman M, Kloepper JW, Liles MR. Deciphering the conserved genetic loci implicated in plant disease control through comparative genomics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:631. [PMID: 26347755 PMCID: PMC4538294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To understand the growth-promoting and disease-inhibiting activities of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, the genomes of 12 Bacillus subtilis group strains with PGPR activity were sequenced and analyzed. These B. subtilis strains exhibited high genomic diversity, whereas the genomes of B. amyloliquefaciens strains (a member of the B. subtilis group) are highly conserved. A pairwise BLASTp matrix revealed that gene family similarity among Bacillus genomes ranges from 32 to 90%, with 2839 genes within the core genome of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum. Comparative genomic analyses of B. amyloliquefaciens strains identified genes that are linked with biological control and colonization of roots and/or leaves, including 73 genes uniquely associated with subsp. plantarum strains that have predicted functions related to signaling, transportation, secondary metabolite production, and carbon source utilization. Although B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strains contain gene clusters that encode many different secondary metabolites, only polyketide biosynthetic clusters that encode difficidin and macrolactin are conserved within this subspecies. To evaluate their role in plant pathogen biocontrol, genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis were deleted in a B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain, revealing that difficidin expression is critical in reducing the severity of disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria in tomato plants. This study defines genomic features of PGPR strains and links them with biocontrol activity and with host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Ran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Superbacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Mohammad K. Hassan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Soo-Keun Choi
- Superbacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Haeyoung Jeong
- Superbacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Molli Newman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Mark R. Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Liles, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Room 101, Rouse Life Sciences Building, 120 West Samford Avenue, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Niazi A, Manzoor S, Asari S, Bejai S, Meijer J, Bongcam-Rudloff E. Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Subsp. plantarum UCMB5113: a rhizobacterium that improves plant growth and stress management. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104651. [PMID: 25119988 PMCID: PMC4138018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain UCMB5113 is a Gram-positive rhizobacterium that can colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth and defense based on unknown mechanisms. This reinforcement of plants may provide protection to various forms of biotic and abiotic stress. To determine the genetic traits involved in the mechanism of plant-bacteria association, the genome sequence of UCMB5113 was obtained by assembling paired-end Illumina reads. The assembled chromosome of 3,889,532 bp was predicted to encode 3,656 proteins. Genes that potentially contribute to plant growth promotion such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, acetoin synthesis and siderophore production were identified. Moreover, annotation identified putative genes responsible for non-ribosomal synthesis of secondary metabolites and genes supporting environment fitness of UCMB5113 including drug and metal resistance. A large number of genes encoding a diverse set of secretory proteins, enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism and carbohydrate active enzymes were found which reflect a high capacity to degrade various rhizosphere macromolecules. Additionally, many predicted membrane transporters provides the bacterium with efficient uptake capabilities of several nutrients. Although, UCMB5113 has the possibility to produce antibiotics and biosurfactants, the protective effect of plants to pathogens seems to be indirect and due to priming of plant induced systemic resistance. The availability of the genome enables identification of genes and their function underpinning beneficial interactions of UCMB5113 with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Niazi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahid Manzoor
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shashidar Asari
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarosh Bejai
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Meijer
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnéan Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pandey S, Sree A, Sethi DP, Kumar CG, Kakollu S, Chowdhury L, Dash SS. A marine sponge associated strain of Bacillus subtilis and other marine bacteria can produce anticholinesterase compounds. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:24. [PMID: 24528673 PMCID: PMC3932841 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors or anticholinesterases reduce the activity of enzyme acetylcholinesterase that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. The inhibitors have a significant pharmacological role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s etc. Although plants have been a significant source of these compounds, there are very few sporadic reports of microorganisms producing such inhibitors. Anticholinesterase activity in bacterial associates of marine soft corals and sponges were not previously reported. Results We screened 887 marine bacteria for the presence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, in a microplate based assay, and found that 140 (15.8%) of them inhibit the electric eel enzyme, acetylcholinesterase. Majority of the active isolates were bacterial associates of soft corals followed by sediment isolates while most of the potent inhibitors belonged to the bacterial associates of marine sponges. Maximum inhibition (54%) was exhibited by a bacterial strain M18SP4P (ii), isolated from the marine sponge Fasciospongia cavernosa. Based on phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis - revealing yet another activity in a strain of the model organism that is considered to be a cell factory. TLC bioautography of the methanol extract of this culture, showed the presence of two major components having this activity, when compared to Galanthamine, the positive control. Conclusion From the results of our study, we conclude that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are quite prevalent in marine bacteria, particularly the bacterial associates of marine invertebrates. Several potential AChE inhibitors in marine bacteria are waiting to be discovered to provide easily manipulable natural sources for the mass production of these therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Pandey
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 013, India.
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Mondol MAM, Shin HJ, Islam MT. Diversity of secondary metabolites from marine Bacillus species: chemistry and biological activity. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2846-72. [PMID: 23941823 PMCID: PMC3766869 DOI: 10.3390/md11082846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Bacillus species produce versatile secondary metabolites including lipopeptides, polypeptides, macrolactones, fatty acids, polyketides, and isocoumarins. These structurally diverse compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antialgal activities. Some marine Bacillus strains can detoxify heavy metals through reduction processes and have the ability to produce carotenoids. The present article reviews the chemistry and biological activities of secondary metabolites from marine isolates. Side by side, the potential for application of these novel natural products from marine Bacillus strains as drugs, pesticides, carotenoids, and tools for the bioremediation of heavy metal toxicity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Mojid Mondol
- School of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Open University, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1705, Bangladesh; E-Mail:
| | - Hee Jae Shin
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea
| | - Mohammad Tofazzal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Suphantharika M, Ison AP, Lilly MD, Buckland BC. The influence of dissolved oxygen tension on the synthesis of the antibiotic difficidin by bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 44:1007-12. [PMID: 18618920 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic, difficidin, and its hydroxylated derivative oxydifficidin, were synthesized by cultures of Bacillus subtilis grown on a complex medium. Maximum titers of about 200 and 130 mg/L, respectively, were obtained. In fermentations where the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) was controlled, the maximum specific growth rate was only reduced below 5% air saturation. DOT had little effect on the volumetric rateof synthesis of oxydifficidin but greatly influenced the rate for difficidin, which was reduced at DOT values below 40% air saturation. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suphantharika
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Wu X, Qian C, Fang H, Wen Y, Zhou J, Zhan Z, Ding R, Li O, Gao H. Paenimacrolidin, a novel macrolide antibiotic from Paenibacillus sp. F6-B70 active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:491-502. [PMID: 21375709 PMCID: PMC3815261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. F6-B70 was selected from several dozens of isolates with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a 16S rDNA-based screening method. F6-B70 contained polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) clusters in its genome revealed by PCR amplification of conserved adenylation and ketosynthase (KS) domains. Phylogenetic data suggested that the strain hosts trans-AT PKSs and their product may be a branched molecule. An antibiotic was subsequently isolated from the methanol extract of F6-B70 cells. The molecular formula of the antibiotic was deduced to be C(33) H(50) NaO(6) ([M + Na](+) , m/z 565.3505) by analysis of electrospray ionization mass spectral data. Elucidation of the structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy revealed that the active compound, paenimacrolidin (PAM), was a novel 22-membered macrolide with side-chains. The new antibiotic, mainly as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibits a couple of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus sp. strains. The antibiotic capacity of PAM was compromised by its instability, which can be overcome significantly with addition of an anti-oxidant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of an active macrolide from paenibacilli, which may be a promising source of novel antibiotics.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Macrolides/chemistry
- Macrolides/isolation & purification
- Macrolides/metabolism
- Macrolides/pharmacology
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Structure
- Multigene Family
- Paenibacillus/classification
- Paenibacillus/isolation & purification
- Paenibacillus/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Chang Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kalyon B, Helaly SE, Scholz R, Nachtigall J, Vater J, Borriss R, Süssmuth RD. Plantazolicin A and B: Structure Elucidation of Ribosomally Synthesized Thiazole/Oxazole Peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Org Lett 2011; 13:2996-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200809m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Kalyon
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soleiman E. Helaly
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Romy Scholz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonny Nachtigall
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Vater
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt, and Institute of Biology/Bakteriengenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Hamdache A, Lamarti A, Aleu J, Collado IG. Non-peptide metabolites from the genus Bacillus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:893-899. [PMID: 21401023 DOI: 10.1021/np100853e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species produce a number of non-peptide metabolites that display a broad spectrum of activity and structurally diverse bioactive chemical structures. Biosynthetic, biological, and structural studies of these metabolites isolated from Bacillus species are reviewed. This contribution also includes a detailed study of the activity of the metabolites described, especially their role in biological control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Hamdache
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, 2121, Tetuan, Morocco
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Oku N, Takada K, Fuller RW, Wilson JA, Peach ML, Pannell LK, McMahon JB, Gustafson KR. Isolation, structural elucidation, and absolute stereochemistry of enigmazole A, a cytotoxic phosphomacrolide from the Papua New Guinea marine sponge Cinachyrella enigmatica. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10278-85. [PMID: 20590096 PMCID: PMC3850515 DOI: 10.1021/ja1016766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enigmazole A (1), a novel phosphate-containing macrolide, was isolated from a Papua New Guinea collection of the marine sponge Cinachyrella enigmatica. The structure of 1, including the absolute stereochemistry at all eight chiral centers, was determined by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and a series of microscale chemical derivatization studies. Compound 1 is comprised of an 18-membered phosphomacrolide that contains an embedded exomethylene-substituted tetrahydropyran ring and an acyclic portion that spans an embedded oxazole moiety. Two additional analogues, 15-O-methylenigmazole A and 13-hydroxy-15-O-methylenigmazole A, were also isolated and assigned. The enigmazoles are the first phosphomacrolides from a marine source and 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in the NCI 60-cell line antitumor screen, with a mean GI(50) of 1.7 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oku
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
| | - Kentaro Takada
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
| | - Richard W. Fuller
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
| | - Jennifer A. Wilson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
| | - Megan L. Peach
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Building 376, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
| | - Lewis K. Pannell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and DigestiVe and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - James B. McMahon
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Building 1052, Room 121, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201
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Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated by trans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that have recently been recognized as one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides. 436 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Piel
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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37
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Arguelles-Arias A, Ongena M, Halimi B, Lara Y, Brans A, Joris B, Fickers P. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GA1 as a source of potent antibiotics and other secondary metabolites for biocontrol of plant pathogens. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:63. [PMID: 19941639 PMCID: PMC2787494 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phytopathogenic fungi affecting crop and post-harvested vegetables are a major threat to food production and food storage. To face these drawbacks, producers have become increasingly dependent on agrochemicals. However, intensive use of these compounds has led to the emergence of pathogen resistance and severe negative environmental impacts. There are also a number of plant diseases for which chemical solutions are ineffective or non-existent as well as an increasing demand by consumers for pesticide-free food. Thus, biological control through the use of natural antagonistic microorganisms has emerged as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for more rational and safe crop management. Results The genome of the plant-associated B. amyloliquefaciens GA1 was sample sequenced. Several gene clusters involved in the synthesis of biocontrol agents were detected. Four gene clusters were shown to direct the synthesis of the cyclic lipopeptides surfactin, iturin A and fengycin as well as the iron-siderophore bacillibactin. Beside these non-ribosomaly synthetised peptides, three additional gene clusters directing the synthesis of the antibacterial polyketides macrolactin, bacillaene and difficidin were identified. Mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatants led to the identification of these secondary metabolites, hence demonstrating that the corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters are functional in strain GA1. In addition, genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis and export of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin were highlighted. However, only its chlorinated derivative, chlorotetaine, could be detected in culture supernatants. On the contrary, genes involved in ribosome-dependent synthesis of bacteriocin and other antibiotic peptides were not detected as compared to the reference strain B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Conclusion The production of all of these antibiotic compounds highlights B. amyloliquefaciens GA1 as a good candidate for the development of biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Arguelles-Arias
- Centre for Protein Engineering, Physiology and Bacterial Genetics, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals its potential for biocontrol of plant pathogens. J Biotechnol 2009; 140:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Reddick JJ, Antolak SA, Raner GM. PksS from Bacillus subtilis is a cytochrome P450 involved in bacillaene metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:363-7. [PMID: 17482575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As part of the pksX gene cluster of Bacillus subtilis strain 168, pksS has been preliminarily annotated as a cytochrome P450 homolog that hydroxylates the polyketide product of this cluster, which was recently shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of bacillaene and dihydrobacillaene. Here we report that there is a frame-shift error in the reported sequence for pksS, and that we have successfully cloned, overexpressed, and purified the protein encoded by the corrected sequence. By utilizing electronic absorption spectrophotometry, we have observed that the ferrous CO complex of PksS absorbs maximally near 450 nm, which confirms the annotation that this protein is a cytochrome P450. We have also established a cell-free system derived from crude cytosolic B. subtilis protein extracts which provides reductase activity essential to sustaining the putative catalytic cycle of PksS. Using LC-MS analysis we have collected data which suggests that the substrate for PksS is dihydrobacillaene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Reddick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Science Building, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA.
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Leclère V, Béchet M, Adam A, Guez JS, Wathelet B, Ongena M, Thonart P, Gancel F, Chollet-Imbert M, Jacques P. Mycosubtilin overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances the organism's antagonistic and biocontrol activities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:4577-84. [PMID: 16085851 PMCID: PMC1183317 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.8.4577-4584.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Bacillus subtilis derivative was obtained from strain ATCC 6633 by replacement of the native promoter of the mycosubtilin operon by a constitutive promoter originating from the replication gene repU of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB110. The recombinant strain, designated BBG100, produced up to 15-fold more mycosubtilin than the wild type produced. The overproducing phenotype was related to enhancement of the antagonistic activities against several yeasts and pathogenic fungi. Hemolytic activities were also clearly increased in the modified strain. Mass spectrometry analyses of enriched mycosubtilin extracts showed similar patterns of lipopeptides for BBG100 and the wild type. Interestingly, these analyses also revealed a new form of mycosubtilin which was more easily detected in the BBG100 sample. When tested for its biocontrol potential, wild-type strain ATCC 6633 was almost ineffective for reducing a Pythium infection of tomato seedlings. However, treatment of seeds with the BBG100 overproducing strain resulted in a marked increase in the germination rate of seeds. This protective effect afforded by mycosubtilin overproduction was also visualized by the significantly greater fresh weight of emerging seedlings treated with BBG100 compared to controls or seedlings inoculated with the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Leclère
- Laboratory of Microbial Bioprocesses (LABEM), Polytech'Lille, University of Science and Technology of Lille, Avenue du Professeur Langevin, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Hofemeister J, Conrad B, Adler B, Hofemeister B, Feesche J, Kucheryava N, Steinborn G, Franke P, Grammel N, Zwintscher A, Leenders F, Hitzeroth G, Vater J. Genetic analysis of the biosynthesis of non-ribosomal peptide- and polyketide-like antibiotics, iron uptake and biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis A1/3. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 272:363-78. [PMID: 15480790 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-1056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus subtilis strain A1/3 shows exceptionally diverse antibiotic capacities compared to other B. subtilis strains. To analyze this phenomenon, mutants for the putative pantotheinyltransferase gene (pptS), and for several genes involved in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and polyketide synthesis were constructed and characterized, using bioassays with blood cells, bacterial and fungal cells, and mass spectrometry. Among at least nine distinct bioactive compounds, five antibiotics and one siderophore activity were identified. The anti-fungal and hemolytic activities of strain A1/3 could be eliminated by mutation of the fen and srf genes essential for the synthesis of fengycins and surfactins. Both pptS- and dhb -type mutants were defective in iron uptake, indicating an inability to produce a 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-type iron siderophore. Transposon mutants in the malonyl CoA transacylase gene resulted in the loss of hemolytic and anti-fungal activities due to the inhibition of bacillomycin L synthesis, and this led to the discovery of bmyLD-LA-LB* genes. In mutants bearing disruption mutations in polyketide (pksM- and/or pksR -like) genes, the biosynthesis of bacillaene and difficidins, respectively, was inactivated and was accompanied by the loss of discrete antibacterial activities. The formation of biofilms (pellicles) was shown to require the production of surfactins, but no other lipopeptides, indicating that surfactins serve specific developmental functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hofemeister
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Girardin H, Albagnac C, Dargaignaratz C, Nguyen-The C, Carlin F. Antimicrobial activity of foodborne Paenibacillus and Bacillus spp. against Clostridium botulinum. J Food Prot 2002; 65:806-13. [PMID: 12030292 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.5.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The saprophytic Paenibacillus and Bacillus spp. found in cooked chilled foods may have an effect on the growth of Clostridium botulinum, a major microbiological hazard, especially for pasteurized vacuum-packaged products. Culture supernatants of 200 strains of Paenibacillus and Bacillus strains isolated from commercial cooked chilled foods containing vegetables were screened for activity against C. botulinum type A, proteolytic type B, and type E strains in a well diffusion assay. Nineteen strains were positive against C. botulinum. Among those, seven Paenibacillus polymyxa strains showed the highest antibotulinal activity and the largest antimicrobial spectrum against C. botulinum strains. The antibotulinal activity was evaluated throughout the growth of a representative strain of the positive P. polymyxa strains. The antimicrobial activity was detected in the culture supernatant from late-log/early stationary phase of the bacteria, which occurred after 7 to 10 days of incubation at 10 degrees C and after 2 to 3 days at 20 degrees C in nutrient broth and in vegetable purées under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In co-cultures with the positive strain of P. polymyxa in nutrient broth and vegetable purées, a C. botulinum type E strain was inhibited whenever P. polymyxa reached stationary phase and produced its antimicrobial activity before C. botulinum began its exponential growth phase. The antimicrobial activity of P. polymyxa against C. botulinum was attributed to the production of antimicrobial peptides resistant to high temperature and acidity. Other gram-positive and -negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Bacillus subtilis) were also sensitive to these antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Girardin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, Avignon, France.
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Turner MS, Helmann JD. Mutations in multidrug efflux homologs, sugar isomerases, and antimicrobial biosynthesis genes differentially elevate activity of the sigma(X) and sigma(W) factors in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5202-10. [PMID: 10960106 PMCID: PMC94670 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.18.5202-5210.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma(X) and sigma(W) extracytoplasmic function sigma factors regulate more than 40 genes in Bacillus subtilis. sigma(W) activates genes which function in detoxification and the production of antimicrobial compounds, while sigma(X) activates functions that modify the cell envelope. Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify loci which negatively regulate sigma(W) or sigma(X) as judged by up-regulation from the autoregulatory promoter site P(W) or P(X). Fourteen insertions that activate P(W) were identified. The largest class of insertions are likely to affect transport. These include insertions in genes encoding two multidrug efflux protein homologs (yqgE and yulE), a component of the oligopeptide uptake system (oppA), and two transmembrane proteins with weak similarity to transporters (yhdP and yueF). Expression from P(W) is also elevated as a result of inactivation of at least one member of the sigma(W) regulon (ysdB), an ArsR homolog (yvbA), a predicted rhamnose isomerase (yulE), and a gene (pksR) implicated in synthesis of difficidin, a polyketide antibiotic. In a parallel screen, we identified seven insertions that up-regulate P(X). Remarkably, these insertions were in functionally similar genes, including a multidrug efflux homolog (yitG), a mannose-6-phosphate isomerase gene (yjdE), and loci involved in antibiotic synthesis (srfAB and possibly yogA and yngK). Significantly, most insertions that activate P(W) have little or no effect on P(X), and conversely, insertions that activate P(X) have no effect on P(W). This suggests that these two regulons respond to distinct sets of molecular signals which may include toxic molecules which are exported, cell density signals, and antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101, USA
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the biosynthetic cluster for zwittermicin A, a novel, broad spectrum, aminopolyol antibiotic produced by Bacillus cereus. The nucleotide sequence of 2.7kb of DNA flanking the zwittermicin A self-resistance gene, zmaR, from B. cereus UW85 revealed three open reading frames (ORFs). Of these ORFs, two had sequence similarity to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and polyketide synthases, respectively. Insertional inactivation demonstrated that orf2 is necessary for zwittermicin A production and that zmaR is necessary for high-level resistance to zwittermicin A but is not required for zwittermicin A production. Expression of ZmaR was temporally associated with zwittermicin A production. The results suggest that zmaR is part of a cluster of genes that is involved in zwittermicin A biosynthesis, representing the first biosynthetic pathway for an aminopolyol antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Stohl
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Suphantharika M, Ison AP, Lilly MD. The effect of cycling dissolved oxygen tension on the synthesis of the antibiotic difficidin by bacillus subtilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01767464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Scotti C, Piatti M, Cuzzoni A, Perani P, Tognoni A, Grandi G, Galizzi A, Albertini AM. A Bacillus subtilis large ORF coding for a polypeptide highly similar to polyketide synthases. Gene 1993; 130:65-71. [PMID: 8344529 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide (nt) sequence of 13.6 kb of the outG locus of Bacillus subtilis, which maps at approximately 155 degrees between the genetic markers nrdA and polC, was determined. One putative coding sequence was identified corresponding to a large polypeptide of 4427 amino acids (aa). Structural organization at the nt and aa sequence level and extensive similarities of the deduced product, especially to EryA, suggest that the locus is potentially responsible for the synthesis of a polyketide molecule. The locus has been renamed pksX. Comparison of the deduced product with known fatty acid and polyketide synthases (PKS) suggested the presence of beta-ketosynthase, dehydratase, beta-ketoreductase and acyl-carrier protein domains. Preliminary data obtained with deletion mutants indicate that pksX is not an essential gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scotti
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Italy
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