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Cheng L, Kong J, Xie X, Zhang L, Zhang F. Parents' acceptance attitudes towards the vaccination of children based on M-LSGDM approach in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075297. [PMID: 38401900 PMCID: PMC10895212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ensuring that children receive timely vaccinations is paramount for preventing infectious diseases, and parental attitude plays a pivotal role in this process. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by examining parental attitudes towards vaccinating their children. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS An online survey including parents' sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception and attitudes towards child vaccination towards COVID-19 was conducted. The modified large-scale group decision-making approach for practicality and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors influencing parents' decision-making. RESULTS Of the 1292 parents participated, 957 (74.1%) were willing to vaccinate their children, while 335 (25.9%) refused the vaccination. The study indicated that age, parental anxiety regarding child vaccination, concerns about the child's susceptibility to the disease, opinions towards vaccination benefits versus disadvantages, place of residence, average family income and children's health were significant predictors (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS While most parents supported childhood vaccination, some opposed it. Addressing persistent barriers is crucial to ensure widespread vaccination and child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Cheng
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhui Kong
- Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital/School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tahir MJ, Zaman M, Saffi J, Asghar MS, Tariq W, Ahmed F, Islam R, Farooqui US, Ullah I, Saqlain M, Ullah K, Ahmed A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population of Pakistan regarding typhoid conjugate vaccine: findings of a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1151936. [PMID: 37333546 PMCID: PMC10272827 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever, a common enteric disease in Pakistan, caused by Salmonella typhi, is becoming an extended drug-resistant organism and is preventable through the typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV). Public adherence to preventive measures is influenced by knowledge and attitude toward the vaccine. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population of Pakistan toward TCV. The differences in mean scores and factors associated with typhoid conjugate vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and practices were investigated. A total of 918 responses were received with a mean age of 25.9 ± 9.6, 51% were women, and 59.6% had graduation-level education. The majority of them responded that vaccines prevent illness (85.3%) and decrease mortality and disability (92.6%), and typhoid could be prevented by vaccination (86.7%). In total, 77.7 and 80.8% considered TCV safe and effective, respectively. Of 389 participants with children, 53.47% had vaccinated children, according to the extended program on immunization (EPI). Higher family income has a higher odds ratio (OR) for willingness toward booster dose of TCV [crude odds ratio (COR) = 4.920, p-value <0.01; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.853, value of p <0.001], and negative attitude regarding the protective effect of TCV has less willingness toward the booster dose with statistical significance (COR = 0.388, value of p = 0.017; aOR = 0.198, value of p = 0.011). The general population of Pakistan had a good level of knowledge about the benefits of TCV, and attitude and practices are in favor of the usage of TCV. However, a few religious misconceptions are prevalent in public requiring the efforts to overcome them to promote the usage of vaccines to prevent the disease and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Musharaf Zaman
- Department of Anesthesia, Pakistan Red Crescent Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Saffi
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences-Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Islam
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Ullah
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Dutta D, Liu J, Xiong H. The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications. Viruses 2023; 15:1117. [PMID: 37243203 PMCID: PMC10223371 DOI: 10.3390/v15051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a fatal respiratory illness. The associated risk factors for COVID-19 are old age and medical comorbidities. In the current combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, a significant portion of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with controlled viremia is older and with comorbidities, making these people vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated severe outcomes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic and causes neurological complications, resulting in a health burden and an adverse impact on PLWH and exacerbating HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on neuroinflammation, the development of HAND and preexisting HAND is poorly explored. In the present review, we compiled the current knowledge of differences and similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, the conditions of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and HIV-1/AIDS syndemic and their impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Risk factors of COVID-19 on PLWH and neurological manifestations, inflammatory mechanisms leading to the neurological syndrome, the development of HAND, and its influence on preexisting HAND are also discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the challenges of the present syndemic on the world population, with a particular emphasis on PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | | | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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He J, Ding Y, Wong FY, He N. Health-care access and utilization among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in two Chinese municipalities with or without lockdown amidst early COVID-19 pandemic. AIDS Care 2022; 34:1390-1399. [PMID: 35179422 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
City lockdown is critical to successfully contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare among vulnerable population has yet to be explicated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan with city lockdown and Shanghai without lockdown, and healthcare interruptions were evaluated and compared. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associates of HIV-related healthcare interruptions and compromised mental health. Compared to participants in Shanghai (N = 440), HIV-infected MSM in Wuhan (N = 503) had significantly higher proportion of untimely availability of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) (20.6% vs. 8.4%), obtaining ARVs from outside institutions (29.1% vs. 8.1%), postponed non-AIDS treatment (6.4% vs. 2.8%) and untimely follow-up appointments (33.4% vs. 14.5%). HIV-related healthcare interruptions were positively associated with lockdown (OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 3.49-6.85) and non-local residence (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.37-2.64). Compromised mental health, including insomnia and generalized anxiety disorders, was associated with non-local residence (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81) and healthcare interruptions (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79). HIV-infected MSM are vulnerable to healthcare interruptions and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the need for tailored intervention strategies to minimize deleterious health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Y Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Hawaìi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Khattak S, Idrees M, Iqbal HI, Khan M, Assad N, Khan MN, Yousaf MT, Farooq M, Yang CY, Wu DD, Ji XY. Assessment of Attitudes and Intentions towards COVID-19 Vaccines and Associated Factors among General Populations of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1583. [PMID: 36298447 PMCID: PMC9609017 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of public health in combatting COVID-19 is to increase herd immunity. However, vaccine reluctance makes attaining herd immunity a worldwide challenge. This investigation aimed to identify negative and positive attitudes and intentions about COVID-19 vaccinations. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted once free COVID-19 vaccines became available in Pakistan in 2021. 4392 Pakistanis aged 18 and older were surveyed from seven administrative units between 1 July and 30 August 2021. Online structured questionnaires were utilized to collect data using a simple sampling procedure. The questionnaires were divided into three major sections: sociodemographic, health factors, and attitudes toward COVID-19. RESULTS The survey link was shared with approximately 4500 participants. 97.6%(4392) completed the survey once begun. Frequency, percentage and Chi-square tests were used to analyze statistical data. Most of the participants in the research were men (2703 (61.54%)), 3277 (74.61%) were aged 18-29 years, and 1824 (41.53%) were residents of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. (18.69%) Respondents expressed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, whereas 36.66% of participants liked getting the Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccines and (35.84%) of participants preferred the Pfizer vaccine. A significant number of participants (38.05%) were concerned about the vaccine's unexpected side effects Thus, it is essential to realize that many participants were concerned about the vaccine's unexpected side effects. CONCLUSIONS The overall high level of concern about the unforeseen side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as widespread vaccine hesitancy among Pakistani populations and its predictors, should be taken into account if public health intervention campaigns in Pakistan are changing negative attitudes and improving compliance with regard to COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Primary and Secondary Health Care Department, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Iqra Iqbal
- Primary and Secondary Health Care Department, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maqbool Khan
- Sino-Pak Center for Artificial Intelligence, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Assad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Khan
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Muhammad Tufail Yousaf
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan
| | - Chang-Yong Yang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Mirzaei H, Moradi Y, Abbaszadeh S, Nasiri N, Mehmandoost S, Khezri M, Tavakoli F, Sharifi H. The Impact of COVID-19 on Disruptions of HIV-related Services: A Rapid Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:98. [PMID: 36419948 PMCID: PMC9588155 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) and those at risk of HIV are marginalized worldwide and need to reach services regularly. The COVID-19 pandemic can disrupt the HIV care continuum. This study aimed to identify the extent to which HIV-related services have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and how we can overcome these challenges. Methods: In this rapid review, we systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases, the references of studies, international agencies, and studies "cited by" feature in google scholar till May 28, 2021, without restrictions to language. Results: Among the total of 1,121 studies, 31 of them were included in the review. The most important HIV-related services affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were; access to anti-retroviral drugs, HIV testing, periodic HIV-related testing in people living with HIV (PLHIV), pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis, harm reduction services, psychological and counseling services. Some factors were introduced to mitigate the effects of these challenges, including increasing the resilience of health, protecting health care workers and their clients against COVID-19 through vaccination, providing HIV-related services through telehealth, and multi-month dispensing (MMD) of medicines. Conclusion: The results of this review study showed that PLHIV had difficulty in accessing follow-up, care and treatment services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Programs such as the MMD or telemedicine can be useful in providing services to PLHIV during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mirzaei
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran , Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Corresponding author:Yousef Moradi,
| | - Samaneh Abbaszadeh
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naser Nasiri
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Mehmandoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khezri
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tavakoli
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Corresponding author:Hamid Sharifi,
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7
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Zucman D, Rasnaama A, Majerholc C, Vallée A. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Migrant Population for HIV Diagnosis and Care Follow-Up: They Are Left Behind. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091607. [PMID: 36141219 PMCID: PMC9498780 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed numerous worldwide challenges. The level of social vulnerability of the migrant population is disproportionately higher than other populations. Recent reports have shown that the access to care for the migrant population (i.e., non-French nationality patients) were greatly impacted during this pandemic. Thus, we would like to highlight the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on care follow-up in those migrant people infected with HIV who receive HIV care in France. Two groups of patients were defined: that is, patients with continuous care and patients with a loss of follow-up of at least one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among 672 HIV patients, 19 (2.7%) patients were lost to follow-up for at least one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found no significant difference for gender (p = 0.332) or age (p = 0.115) between the two groups. However, patients with a loss of follow-up were mainly migrants rather than from the other group (p < 0.001), and the same results were observed for the nation of birth (89.5% vs. 44%, p < 0.001). In our hospital, most of the patients who were living abroad but had HIV care in France before the COVID epidemic (mainly retired migrants) were lost to follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, most of them have not resumed HIV care in France and we do not know their present situation. We can only observe that the COVID-19 pandemic has predominately disrupted the HIV care of migrant populations. Do not let them be left behind!
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zucman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Amina Rasnaama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Catherine Majerholc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology-Data-Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
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YUSOFF NURULNABILA, SHAHIDI HAMEDANI SHAHAREHSHAHIDIHAMEDANI, MAT DELI MAZZLIDA, ALI MOHDHELMI, CHE ABD RAHMAN MARARIDHUANCHEABDRAHMAN. Migrant Food Handlers’ Impacts on Food Quality and Safety in Malaysia Food Service Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 16:237-255. [DOI: 10.47836/ijeam_16.2.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to empirically examine the migrant food handlers’ perceived knowledge,
skills, and attitudes and their impact on food quality and safety in the context of
Malaysia’s foodservice industry. Using the data gathered from 198 supervisors and
managers from food premises in Malaysia and analysis using SPSS (version 20) and
SmartPLS 3.0 software, this research found that migrant food handlers have moderate
perceived knowledge, skills and attitudes in food handling practices impact the food
quality and safety. Specifically, this study confirmed that knowledge and attitudes
positively and significantly affect food quality and food safety. However, insignificant
results were found between skills and food safety, even though it showed a substantial
impact on food quality. The findings are original and unique. It is one of the first studies to investigate the knowledge, skills, and attitude of migrant food handlers their effect on food quality and food safety, especially in Malaysia. Besides, this study extends the established theories from the literature on knowledge, skills and attitudes analysing in the foodservice sector. Therefore, this research finding is valuable for food services practitioners to focus on enhancing food quality and safety through the migrant workforce.
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Bukuluki P, Kisaakye P, Mulekya F, Mushomi J, Mayora C, Palattiyil G, Sidhva D, Nair H. Disruption in accessing sexual and reproductive health services among border populations during COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04065. [PMID: 35972848 PMCID: PMC9380899 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of COVID-19 exposed the inadequacies inherent in the health care systems of many countries. COVID-19 and the attendant demands for emergency treatment and management put a significant strain on countries' health care systems, including hitherto strong health systems. In Uganda, as the government strived to contain COVID-19, other essential health care services were either disrupted or completely crowded out. Balancing the provision of COVID-19 treatment and management services and at the same time offering sexual and reproductive health and rights services (SRHR) proved to be a considerable challenge in these circumstances. COVID-19 prevention-related travel restrictions and border closures had far-reaching negative consequences on the mobility of individuals to access essential health services in Uganda. The situation may have been worse for cross-border communities that sometimes access services across the borders. Methods Using quantitative data from 1521 respondents and qualitative data (20 key informant interviews and 12 focus group discussions), we investigate the disruption in accessing SRHR services for border communities in Uganda during COVID-19. Results Results indicate that females (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.08-1.79), those with primary education (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.61-2.57), currently employed (aOR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.61-2.57) and those with the intention to leave current residence (aOR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.23-3.55) were more likely to have experienced a disruption in accessing SRHR services. However, respondents aged 35 years, or more were less likely to have experienced a disruption compared to their younger counterparts. Conclusions Results shed light on the disruption of access toSRHR services during pandemics such as COVID-19 among a highly mobile population. There is a need to invest in building strong and resilient health care systems that can guarantee continuous access to essential health services including SRHR provisions among mobile populations during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bukuluki
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Kisaakye
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Mulekya
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Mushomi
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chrispus Mayora
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Palattiyil
- Department of Social Work, School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dina Sidhva
- Department of Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Marzo R, Ahmad A, Abid K, Khatiwada A, Ahmed A, Kyaw T, Abidin I, Srithar M, Sinnathamby S, Sarvasundram A, Shrestha S. Factors influencing the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study from Malaysia. VACUNAS (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022. [PMCID: PMC9472677 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacune.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background With the surge of COVID-19 cases worldwide, vaccines against COVID-19 are also developing across the countries. However, the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among general people is questionable. The availability of several vaccines’ options against COVID-19 has perplexed people regarding individual vaccines’ efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aim to determine the acceptance, preferences, impact factors of future COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia and the factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among vaccine demand and vaccine delay groups. Material and methods An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among Malaysian residents 18 years and above of either gender using the snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was made available to participants through various social media networks, email, and telegram. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Association between background characteristics and respondents were analyzed using the Chi-square test in the vaccine delay group and vaccine acceptance group. Results Total of 1282 responses were considered for the study, mainly from male respondents (71%). Among the respondents, 95.9% thought that vaccination would be an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19, and 96% would accept vaccination if the COVID-19 vaccine were successfully developed and approved for listing in the future. Essential factors influencing vaccination decisions were vaccine convenience (95.7%) and doctor's recommendation (97.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed that age less than 24 years, Malay race, living in urban areas, tertiary education, students, single marital status, family income (Malaysian ringgits) RM 4,850 to RM 10,959 and >RM 10,960 were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID19 vaccination. Conclusion All the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates throughout the country should be studied on a larger scale, and appropriate steps to ensure vaccine acceptance among the public should be meticulously devised by the government and related authorities.
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Palattiyil G, Kisaakye P, Mwenyango H, Katongole S, Mulekya F, Sidhva D, Nair H, Bukuluki P. Access to HIV/AIDS or TB care among refugees in Kampala, Uganda: exploring the enablers and barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Migr Health 2022; 5:100098. [PMID: 35403075 PMCID: PMC8979625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ahmed A, Dujaili JA, Jabeen M, Umair MM, Chuah LH, Hashmi FK, Awaisu A, Chaiyakunapruk N. Barriers and Enablers for Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in the Era of COVID-19: A Qualitative Study From Pakistan. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:807446. [PMID: 35153763 PMCID: PMC8832364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increased availability of safe antiretroviral therapy (ART) in recent years, achieving optimal adherence and patient retention is becoming the biggest challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH). Care retention is influenced by several socioeconomic, socio-cultural, and government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we aim to explore barriers and facilitators to adherence to ART among PLWH in Pakistan in general and COVID-19 pandemic related in particular. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 25 PLWH from December 2020 to April 2021 in the local language (Urdu) at the ART centre of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Interviews were audio-recorded in the local Urdu language, and bilingual expert (English, Urdu) transcribed verbatim, coded for themes and sub-themes, and analyzed using a phenomenological approach for thematic content analysis. Results: Stigma and discrimination, fear of HIV disclosure, economic constraints, forgetfulness, religion (Ramadan, spiritual healing), adverse drug reactions, lack of social support, alternative therapies, and COVID-19-related lock-down and fear of lesser COVID-19 care due to HIV associated stigma were identified as barriers affecting the retention in HIV care. At the same time, positive social support, family responsibilities, use of reminders, the beneficial impact of ART, and initiation of telephone consultations, courier delivery, and long-term delivery of antiretrovirals during COVID-19 were identified as facilitators of HIV retention. Conclusion: Improving adherence and retention is even more challenging due to COVID-19; therefore, it requires the integration of enhanced access to treatment with improved employment and social support. HIV care providers must understand these reported factors comprehensively and treat patients accordingly to ensure the continuum of HIV care. A coordinated approach including different stakeholders is required to facilitate patient retention in HIV care and consequently improve the clinical outcomes of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ali Ahmed, ; Juman Abdulelah Dujaili, ; Ahmed Awaisu,
| | - Juman Abdulelah Dujaili
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ali Ahmed, ; Juman Abdulelah Dujaili, ; Ahmed Awaisu,
| | - Musarat Jabeen
- ART Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Muhammad Umair
- National AIDS Control Programme, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Furqan Khurshid Hashmi
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ali Ahmed, ; Juman Abdulelah Dujaili, ; Ahmed Awaisu,
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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13
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Samudyatha UC, Kosambiya JK, Rathore MS. HIV Care in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban South Gujarat: An Operational Overview. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2022; 21:23259582221084885. [PMID: 35285741 PMCID: PMC8922047 DOI: 10.1177/23259582221084885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In India, the nationwide lockdown was implemented from March to May 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic. As of March 2020, there were 13.08 lakh PLHIV availing ART free of cost from Government run ART centres, To maintain the continuum of care, National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) of India adopted Multi Months Dispensation (MMD) through ART centres and Community Dispensation of ART through the various Targeted Interventions (TI) and Community Based Organizations (CBO). A mixed methods study was designed, with desk review of programmatic data, semi qualitative interviews of 250 PLHIV and 15 In-Depth Interviews of ART centre and TI/CBO staff to document the process, strengths and challenges of these strategies in Surat city of South Gujarat. While administrative, technical and networking strengths were documented, manpower constraints, interrupted laboratory services, migration and relatively passive role of PLHIV in availing services were major challenges described in this study among several others.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Samudyatha
- Department of Community Medicine, 77131MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Karnataka, India
| | - J K Kosambiya
- Department of Community Medicine, 29031Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
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14
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Ahmed A, Saqlain M, Umair MM, Hashmi FK, Saeed H, Amer M, Blebil AQ, Dujaili JA. Stigma, Social Support, Illicit Drug Use, and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:745545. [PMID: 34660521 PMCID: PMC8514983 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.745545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can lead to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, assessing the stigma, social support, and other determinants of anxiety and depression in PLWHA are important for developing further interventions. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 505 PLWHA, approached through systematic sampling, who paid routine visits to the ART center, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. Data was collected by pretested validated hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Version 26 of the SPSS was used to apply Logistic regression analysis to identify determinants, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was calculated to assess the magnitude of the relationships. Results: In PLWHA, the prevalence of co-morbid depression and anxiety was 80%. Separately, 89.9% had depression, and 80.3% had anxiety. Use of illicit drugs [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI (1.01, 3.27)], low social support [AOR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.02, 2.25)], being male [AOR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.11, 5.49)], and HIV related stigma [AOR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.25, 6.02)] were significant predictors of depression. Having detectable viral load [AOR = 3.04, 95% CI (1.04, 8.86)], young age [AOR = 5.31, 95% CI (1.19, 29.39)], no formal education [AOR = 21.78, 95% CI (4.03, 117.62)], low [AOR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.12, 6.93)] or moderate [AOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.79, 6.09)] social support, illicit drugs addiction [AOR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.03, 2.55)], and HIV stigma [AOR = 54.3, 95% CI (21.20, 139.32)] had a remarkable association with anxiety. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression among PLWHA, the Pakistan Ministry of Health should focus more on monitoring mental health, expanding mental health services, and developing interventions based on identified factors to treat depression and anxiety among PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid i Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Muhammad Umair
- National AIDs Control Program, Prime Minister Health Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Khurshid Hashmi
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amer
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Qais Blebil
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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15
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Tahir MJ, Saqlain M, Tariq W, Waheed S, Tan SHS, Nasir SI, Ullah I, Ahmed A. Population preferences and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1759. [PMID: 34565351 PMCID: PMC8474768 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While vaccine development is itself a challenge; ensuring optimal vaccine uptake at population level can present an even more significant challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Pakistani population’s attitude and preferences towards the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out through an online self-administered questionnaire from 27 September 2020 to 11 October 2020. A total of 883 people responded to the survey. The questionnaire included the participants’ socio-demographic variables, attitudes, beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine and acceptance and rejection of vaccination, and reasons for them. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors for vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay for the vaccine. Results A majority (70.8%) of respondents will accept the COVID-19vaccine if available, and 66.8% showed a positive attitude towards vaccination. Monthly family income, education level, self-diagnosis of COVID-19 or a friend, family member, or colleague are significant factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The dogma of being naturally immune to COVID-19 was a key reason for the refusal of the vaccine. Less than half (48%) of those who refuse will vaccinate themselves if government officials have made it compulsory. A third (33.9%) of participants were willing to pay up to (7 USD) 1000 Pkr (Pakistani Rupees) for the vaccine. Conclusion The population’s positive attitude should be improved by increasing awareness and eradicating false myths about vaccines through large-scale campaigns. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11814-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Tahir
- Ameer-ud-Din Medical College Affiliated with University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Tariq
- Ameer-ud-Din Medical College Affiliated with University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Summaiya Waheed
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Steven H S Tan
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Nusajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. .,School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Ahmed A, Dujaili JA, Hashmi FK, Awaisu A, Chaiyakunapruk N, Hasan SS. The economic impact of pharmacist care for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 3:100066. [PMID: 35480597 PMCID: PMC9031678 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Methods Results Conclusions The role of pharmacists in HIV care is expanding, and it is recommended by the World Health Organization and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Therefore, we attempted to find the economic impact of these services. We discovered four such studies, each with minor differences in study intervention, study population, and follow-up duration, making it difficult to generalise their findings. Studies have shown that pharmacist interventions have economic benefits; however, future controlled and real world studies to determine the economic benefits, in the long run, are required to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Juman Abdulelah Dujaili
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Furqan Khurshid Hashmi
- University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
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17
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Marzo RR, Ahmad A, Abid K, Khatiwada AP, Ahmed A, Kyaw TM, Abidin IBZ, Srithar M, Sinnathamby S, Sarvasundram AP, Shrestha S. Factors influencing the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study from Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 23:S33-S40. [PMID: 34483788 PMCID: PMC8407950 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background With the surge of COVID-19 cases worldwide, vaccines against COVID-19 are also developing across the countries. However, the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among general people is questionable. The availability of several vaccines’ options against COVID-19 has perplexed people regarding individual vaccines’ efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aim to determine the acceptance, preferences, impact factors of future COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia and the factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among vaccine demand and vaccine delay groups. Material and methods An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among Malaysian residents 18 years and above of either gender using the snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was made available to participants through various social media networks, email, and telegram. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Association between background characteristics and respondents were analyzed using the Chi-square test in the vaccine delay group and vaccine acceptance group. Results Total of 1282 responses were considered for the study, mainly from male respondents (71%). Among the respondents, 95.9% thought that vaccination would be an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19, and 96% would accept vaccination if the COVID-19 vaccine were successfully developed and approved for listing in the future. Essential factors influencing vaccination decisions were vaccine convenience (95.7%) and doctor's recommendation (97.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed that age less than 24 years, Malay race, living in urban areas, tertiary education, students, single marital status, family income (Malaysian ringgits) RM 4,850 to RM 10,959 and >RM 10,960 were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID19 vaccination. Conclusion All the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates throughout the country should be studied on a larger scale, and appropriate steps to ensure vaccine acceptance among the public should be meticulously devised by the government and related authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Absar Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, India
| | - Khadijah Abid
- Department of Research Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thin Mon Kyaw
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Insyirah Bt Zainal Abidin
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Metahra Srithar
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sathiajothi Sinnathamby
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Arora AK, Ortiz-Paredes D, Engler K, Lessard D, Mate KK, Rodriguez-Cruz A, Kronfli N, Vedel I, Cox J, Quesnel-Vallée A, Lebouché B. Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the HIV Care Cascade for Migrant People Living with HIV in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development Countries: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:288-307. [PMID: 34375137 PMCID: PMC8380795 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrants in countries affiliated with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, experience delayed HIV diagnosis, and have variable levels of engagement with HIV care and treatment when compared to native-born populations. A systematic mixed studies review was conducted to generate a multilevel understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting HIV Care Cascade steps for migrant people living with HIV (MLWH) in OECD countries. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched on March 25, 2020. Screening, critical appraisal, and analysis were conducted independently by two authors. We used qualitative content analysis and the five-level Socio-Ecological Model (i.e., individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy) to categorize barriers and facilitators. Fifty-nine studies from 17 OECD countries were included. MLWH faced similar barriers and facilitators regardless of their host country, ethnic and geographic origins, or legal status. Most barriers and facilitators were associated with the individual and organizational levels and centered around retention in HIV care and treatment. Adapting clinical environments to better address MLWH's competing needs via multidisciplinary models would address retention issues across OECD countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish K. Arora
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Ortiz-Paredes
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kim Engler
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kedar K.V. Mate
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Mentorship Chair in Innovative Clinical Trials in HIV Care, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Montréal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
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19
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Ahmed A, Saqlain M, Bashir N, Dujaili J, Hashmi F, Mazhar F, Khan A, Jabeen M, Blebil A, Awaisu A. Health-related quality of life and its predictors among adults living with HIV/AIDS and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Pakistan. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1653-1664. [PMID: 33582967 PMCID: PMC8178128 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered to be the fourth 90 of UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to monitor the effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART has significantly increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, the impact of chronic infection on HRQoL remains unclear, while factors influencing the HRQoL may vary from one country to another. The current study aimed to assess HRQoL and its associated factors among PLWHA receiving ART in Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among PLWHA attending an ART centre of a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. HRQoL was assessed using a validated Urdu version of EuroQol 5 dimensions 3 level (EQ-5D-3L) and its Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). RESULTS Of the 602 patients included in the analyses, 59.5% (n = 358) reported no impairment in self-care, while 63.1% (n = 380) were extremely anxious/depressed. The overall mean EQ-5D utility score and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score were 0.388 (SD: 0.41) and 66.20 (SD: 17.22), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factors significantly associated with HRQoL were: female gender; age > 50 years; having primary and secondary education; > 1 year since HIV diagnosis; HIV serostatus AIDS-converted; higher CD 4 T lymphocytes count; detectable viral load; and increased time to ART. CONCLUSIONS The current findings have shown that PLWHA in Pakistan adherent to ART had a good overall HRQoL, though with significantly higher depression. Some of the factors identified are amenable to institution-based interventions while mitigating depression to enhance the HRQoL of PLWHA in Pakistan. The HRQoL determined in this study could be useful for future economic evaluation studies for ART and in designing future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naila Bashir
- HIV Treatment Center, Pims, National AIDs Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Juman Dujaili
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Furqan Hashmi
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Faizan Mazhar
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Università Di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam university, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Blebil
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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