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Ruiz Díaz N, Cisternas C, Silva M, Hernández A, Chacana P. Characterization of anti-soybean agglutinin (SBA) IgY antibodies: a new strategy for neutralization of the detrimental biological activity of SBA. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382510. [PMID: 38681857 PMCID: PMC11045903 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-soybean agglutinin (SBA) IgY was produced, and its potential to neutralize the haemagglutinating activity of SBA in vitro was tested. Thirty-five-week-old hens [treatment (n = 5) and control (n = 5)] were immunized with SBA or injected with saline 4 times every 15 days. Eggs were collected after the last immunization, and IgY was extracted using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. Serum anti-SBA IgY titres in immunized hens increased after the first immunization and reached a plateau between days 45 and 60. In contrast, specific IgY titres in the control group remained at basal levels throughout the evaluation. Average IgY titres were significantly higher in the treatment group on days 15, 30, 45, and 60. Total IgY content in the egg yolk extract was 38.7 ± 1.6 and 37.7 ± 1.5 mg/ml for the treatment and control groups, respectively. The specific anti-SBA IgY titer detected in the egg yolk extract was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for hens in the treatment group compared to the control group, with OD450nm values of 0.98 ± 0.05 and 0.058 ± 0.02, respectively. The specificity of anti-SBA IgY was confirmed by the Western blotting, and the inhibition of SBA-induced haemagglutination in vitro was compared with D-galactose, a known molecule that binds to SBA and blocks its binding to erythrocytes. The inhibition of SBA-induced haemagglutination by the anti-SBA IgY reached 512 units of haemagglutination inhibition (UHI), compared to 8 or 256 UHI, respectively, when IgY from control chickens or D-galactose was used. Thus, anti-SBA IgY antibodies were efficiently produced in large quantities and effectively inhibited SBA-induced haemagglutination in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ruiz Díaz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cisternas
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Silva
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Agroalimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián Hernández
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Agroalimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Chacana
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Al-Qaoud KM, Obeidat YM, Al-Omari T, Okour M, Al-Omari MM, Ahmad MI, Alshadfan R, Rawashdeh AM. The development of an electrochemical immunosensor utilizing chicken IgY anti-spike antibody for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:748. [PMID: 38185704 PMCID: PMC10772103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein combining a label free electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor with the use of purified chicken IgY antibodies. The sensor employs three electrodes and is functionalized with an anti-S IgY antibody, ELISA and immunoblot assays confirmed the positive response of chicken immunized with SARS-CoV2 S antigen. The developed immunosensor is effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal clinical samples from suspected cases. The key advantage of this biosensor is its remarkable sensitivity, and its capability of detecting very low concentrations of the target analyte, with a detection limit of 5.65 pg/mL. This attribute makes it highly suitable for practical point-of-care (POC) applications, particularly in low analyte count clinical scenarios, without requiring amplification. Furthermore, the biosensor has a wide dynamic range of detection, spanning from 11.56 to 740 ng/mL, which makes it applicable for sample analysis in a typical clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Al-Qaoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yusra M Obeidat
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Tareq Al-Omari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Okour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mariam M Al-Omari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad I Ahmad
- Rawgene Biotech, Umm Khelad St. 33, Amman, Jordan
- Atlas Medical, Sahab Industrial Area, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raed Alshadfan
- Rawgene Biotech, Umm Khelad St. 33, Amman, Jordan
- Atlas Medical, Sahab Industrial Area, Amman, Jordan
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Cláudia Marinho da Silva A, Lima Amaral CM, Maestre Herazo MA, Nattaly Nobre Santos E, Petterson Viana Pereira E, Paula Silva da Costa H, Rodrigues Freitas E, Renata Figueiredo Gadelha C, Izabel Florindo Guedes M, Fraga van Tilburg M. Production and characterization of egg yolk antibodies against the ZIKV NS2B expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111088. [PMID: 37925945 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its associated neonatal and congenital complications pose a threat to global health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions with co-circulation of related flaviviruses and intense vector proliferation. Diagnosis of ZIKV by RT-PCR is limited to the viraemic phase and is not always accessible in low-income tropical settings, while serological tests often show cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Given the similarity of ZIKV symptoms to those of other arboviruses, but the different prognosis and risks, it is important to develop specific and accessible diagnostic tools. Egg yolk antibodies (IgY) were obtained from Leghorn laying hens immunized with recombinant ZIKV NS2B protein produced in agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana. After three immunizations, total IgY was recovered from the eggs by the 20% ammonium sulfate precipitation method. After characterisation by SDS-PAGE, dot blotting and ELISA, the IgY was adsorbed to dengue virus (DENV) from cell culture supernatants and tested for its ability to specifically detect ZIKV-positive sera samples. High yield and purity were observed on SDS-PAGE for polyclonal IgY, which reacted with NS2B at high titres in ELISA and detected both NS2B and ZIKV in dot blotting. However, a cross-reaction with DENV was observed and the anti-NS2B IgY was unable to discriminate ZIKV from DENV positive sera samples, even after adsorption with DENV. This is probably due to the phylogenetic relationship of the viruses and the shared identity of their proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Marinho da Silva
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícero Matheus Lima Amaral
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mario A Maestre Herazo
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Nattaly Nobre Santos
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eric Petterson Viana Pereira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Helen Paula Silva da Costa
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Fraga van Tilburg
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Pacheco BLB, Nogueira CP, Venancio EJ. IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3130. [PMID: 37835736 PMCID: PMC10571861 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Parada Nogueira
- Scientific Initiation Programme, Animal Science Course, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
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Wang H, Zhong Q, Lin J. Egg Yolk Antibody for Passive Immunization: Status, Challenges, and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5053-5061. [PMID: 36960586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin Y (IgY) derived from hyperimmune egg yolk is a promising passive immune agent to combat microbial infections in humans and livestock. Numerous studies have been performed to develop specific egg yolk IgY for pathogen control, but with limited success. To date, the efficacy of commercial IgY products, which are all delivered through an oral route, has not been approved or endorsed by any regulatory authorities. Several challenging issues of the IgY-based passive immunization, which were not fully recognized and holistically discussed in previous publications, have impeded the development of effective egg yolk IgY products for humans and animals. This review summarizes major challenges of this technology, including in vivo stability, purification, heterologous immunogenicity, and repertoire diversity of egg yolk IgY. To tackle these challenges, potential solutions, such as encapsulation technologies to stabilize IgY, are discussed. Exploration of this technology to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is also updated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wang
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Gu L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li J, Chang C, Su Y, Yang Y. Novel extraction technologies and potential applications of egg yolk proteins. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 32:121-133. [PMID: 36590017 PMCID: PMC9795146 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The high nutritional value and diverse functional properties of egg yolk proteins have led to its widespread use in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics. Various extraction methods have been reported to obtain the proteins from egg yolk, however, their utilization is limited due to the relatively low extraction efficiency and/or toxic solvents involved. Several simpler and greener technologies, especially physical fields (ultrasound), have been successfully developed to improve the extraction efficiency. The egg yolk proteins may exert multiple biological activities, enabling them to be a promising tool in improve human health and wellbeing, such as anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-osteoporosis, diagnosis and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article summarizes the novel extraction technologies and latest applications of the egg yolk proteins in the recent 5 years, which should stimulate their utilization as health-promoting functional ingredients in foods and other commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
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Li J, Liang T, Hei A, Wang X, Li H, Yu X, Zhao R, Gao P, Fang C, Zhou J, Li M, He E, Skog S. Novel neutralizing chicken IgY antibodies targeting 17 potent conserved peptides identified by SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray, and future prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074077. [PMID: 36618358 PMCID: PMC9815496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An approach toward novel neutralizing IgY polyclonal antibodies (N-IgY-pAb) against SARS-CoV-2 S-ECD was developed. Material and methods The novel N-IgY-pAb and its intranasal spray response against the wild type ("'WH-Human 1") SARS-CoV-2 virus, variants of Delta or Omicron were up to 98%. Unique virus peptides binding to N-IgY-pAb were screened by a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray. Results Seventeen mutation-free peptides with a Z-score > 3.0 were identified as potent targets from a total of 966 peptides. The new findings show that one is in the RBM domain (461LKPFERDISTEIYQA475 ), two are in the NTD domain (21RTQLPPAYTNSFTRG35, 291CALDPLSETKCTLKS305) four are in the C1/2-terminal (561PFQQFGRDIADTTDA575,571DTTDAVRDPQTLEIL585,581TLEILDITPCSFGGV595, 661ECDIPIGAGICASYQ675 ), three are in the S1/S2 border (741YICGDSTECSNLLLQ755, 811KPSKRSFIEDLLFNK825, 821LLFNKVTLADAGFIK835) one target is in HR2 (1161SPDVDLGDISGINAS1175) and one is in HR2-TM (1201QELGKYEQYIKWPWY1215). Moreover, five potential peptides were in the NSP domain: nsp3-55 (1361SNEKQEILGTVSWNL1375), nsp14-50 (614HHANEYRLYLDAYNM642, ORF10-3 (21MNSRNYIAQVDVVNFNLT38, ORF7a-1(1MKIILFLALITLATC15) and ORF7a-12 (1116TLCFTLKRKTE121). Discussion and conclusion We concluded that the N-IgY-pAb could effectively neutralize the SARS-CoV-2. The new findings of seventeen potent conserved peptides are extremely important for developing new vaccines and "cocktails" of neutralizing Abs for efficient treatments for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Te Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ailian Hei
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbin Wang
- SciProtech Co., Ltd, Beijing Changping Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Centre), Beijing Institute of LifeOmics, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- SciProtech Co., Ltd, Beijing Changping Science Park, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Fang
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maogang Li
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ellen He
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sven Skog
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Ellen-Sven Precision Medicine Institute, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Sven Skog,
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Frumkin LR, Lucas M, Wallach M, Scribner CL, St John T, Mochly-Rosen D. COVID-19 prophylaxis with immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for the world population: The critical role that governments and non-governmental organizations can play. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03080. [PMID: 36462205 PMCID: PMC9719602 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn R Frumkin
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Wallach
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,SPARK Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tom St John
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA,SPARK Global, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Artman C, Idegwu N, Brumfield KD, Lai K, Hauta S, Falzarano D, Parreño V, Yuan L, Geyer JD, Goepp JG. Feasibility of Polyclonal Avian Immunoglobulins (IgY) as Prophylaxis against Human Norovirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112371. [PMID: 36366469 PMCID: PMC9698945 DOI: 10.3390/v14112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading viral cause of diarrhea, with GII.4 as the predominant genotype of HuNoV outbreaks globally. However, new genogroup variants emerge periodically, complicating the development of anti-HuNoV vaccines; other prophylactic or therapeutic medications specifically for HuNoV disease are lacking. Passive immunization using oral anti-HuNoV antibodies may be a rational alternative. Here, we explore the feasibility of using avian immunoglobulins (IgY) for preventing HuNoV infection in vitro in a human intestinal enteroid (HIE) model. METHODS Hens were immunized with virus-like particles (VLP) of a GII.4 HuNoV strain (GII.4/CHDC2094/1974/US) by intramuscular injection. The resulting IgY was evaluated for inhibition of binding to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) and viral neutralization against representative GII.4 and GII.6 clinical isolates, using an HIE model. RESULTS IgY titers were detected by three weeks following initial immunization, persisting at levels of 1:221 (1:2,097,152) from 9 weeks to 23 weeks. Anti-HuNoV IgY significantly (p < 0.05) blocked VLP adhesion to HBGA up to 1:12,048 dilution (0.005 mg/mL), and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited replication of HuNoV GII.4[P16] Sydney 2012 in HIEs up to 1:128 dilution (0.08 mg/mL). Neutralization was not detected against genotype GII.6. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the feasibility of IgY for preventing infection of HIE by HuNoV GII.4. Clinical preparations should cover multiple circulating HuNoV genotypes for comprehensive effects. Plans for animal studies are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Artman
- Scaled Microbiomics, LLC, Hagerstown, MD 21740, USA
| | | | - Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park Campus, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park Campus, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ken Lai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Shirley Hauta
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- INCUINTA, IVIT, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina), Buenos Aires 1712, Argentina
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James D. Geyer
- Institute for Rural Health Research, College of Community Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Julius G. Goepp
- Scaled Microbiomics, LLC, Hagerstown, MD 21740, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-585-820-9937
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Ravlo E, Evensen L, Sanson G, Hildonen S, Ianevski A, Skjervold PO, Ji P, Wang W, Kaarbø M, Kaynova GD, Kainov DE, Bjørås M. Antiviral Immunoglobulins of Chicken Egg Yolk for Potential Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102121. [PMID: 36298676 PMCID: PMC9609661 DOI: 10.3390/v14102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some viruses cause outbreaks, which require immediate attention. Neutralizing antibodies could be developed for viral outbreak management. However, the development of monoclonal antibodies is often long, laborious, and unprofitable. Here, we report the development of chicken polyclonal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Layers were immunized twice with 14-day intervals using the purified receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2/Wuhan or SARS-CoV-2/Omicron. Eggs were harvested 14 days after the second immunization. Polyclonal IgY antibodies were extracted. Binding of anti-RBD IgYs was analyzed by immunoblot and indirect ELISA. Furthermore, the neutralization capacity of anti-RBD IgYs was measured in Vero-E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2-mCherry/Wuhan and SARS-CoV-2/Omicron using fluorescence and/or cell viability assays. In addition, the effect of IgYs on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 and host cytokine genes in the lungs of Syrian Golden hamsters was examined using qRT-PCR. Results: Anti-RBD IgYs efficiently bound viral RBDs in situ, neutralized the virus variants in vitro, and lowered viral RNA amplification, with minimal alteration of virus-mediated immune gene expression in vivo. Conclusions: Altogether, our results indicate that chicken polyclonal IgYs can be attractive targets for further pre-clinical and clinical development for the rapid management of outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Ravlo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.B.); Tel.: +47-73598474 (M.B.)
| | - Lasse Evensen
- Norimun AS, Felleskjøpet Agri SA, Postboks 469, 0105 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gorm Sanson
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling AS, Nedre Ila 20, 7018 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Hildonen
- Norimun AS, Felleskjøpet Agri SA, Postboks 469, 0105 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ping Ji
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0105 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Denis E. Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.B.); Tel.: +47-73598474 (M.B.)
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Frumkin LR, Lucas M, Scribner CL, Ortega-Heinly N, Rogers J, Yin G, Hallam TJ, Yam A, Bedard K, Begley R, Cohen CA, Badger CV, Abbasi SA, Dye JM, McMillan B, Wallach M, Bricker TL, Joshi A, Boon ACM, Pokhrel S, Kraemer BR, Lee L, Kargotich S, Agochiya M, John TS, Mochly-Rosen D. Egg-Derived Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) With Broad Variant Activity as Intranasal Prophylaxis Against COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899617. [PMID: 35720389 PMCID: PMC9199392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emergency use authorizations and approvals for vaccines were achieved in record time. However, there remains a need to develop additional safe, effective, easy-to-produce, and inexpensive prevention to reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. This need is due to difficulties in vaccine manufacturing and distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and, critically, the increased prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater contagiousness or reduced sensitivity to immunity. Antibodies from eggs of hens (immunoglobulin Y; IgY) that were administered the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were developed for use as nasal drops to capture the virus on the nasal mucosa. Although initially raised against the 2019 novel coronavirus index strain (2019-nCoV), these anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY surprisingly had indistinguishable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay binding against variants of concern that have emerged, including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). This is different from sera of immunized or convalescent patients. Culture neutralization titers against available Alpha, Beta, and Delta were also indistinguishable from the index SARS-CoV-2 strain. Efforts to develop these IgY for clinical use demonstrated that the intranasal anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY preparation showed no binding (cross-reactivity) to a variety of human tissues and had an excellent safety profile in rats following 28-day intranasal delivery of the formulated IgY. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 study evaluating single-ascending and multiple doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgY administered intranasally for 14 days in 48 healthy adults also demonstrated an excellent safety and tolerability profile, and no evidence of systemic absorption. As these antiviral IgY have broad selectivity against many variants of concern, are fast to produce, and are a low-cost product, their use as prophylaxis to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission warrants further evaluation. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04567810, identifier NCT04567810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn R. Frumkin
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Internal Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Jayden Rogers
- Linear Clinical Research Ltd, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gang Yin
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Alice Yam
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristin Bedard
- Sutro Biopharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Begley
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Catherine V. Badger
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Michael Wallach
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- SPARK Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Kraemer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stephen Kargotich
- School of Medicine, SPARK Global, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahima Agochiya
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tom St. John
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- School of Medicine, SPARK at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- School of Medicine, SPARK Global, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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