The SOCS-1 -1478CA/del polymorphism is not associated with colorectal cancer or age at onset in Turkish subjects

SOCS1 is a critical checkpoint in immune homeostasis, inflammation and tumor immunity

The Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) family proteins are important negative regulators of cytokine signaling. SOCS1 is the prototypical member of the SOCS family and functions in a classic negative-feedback loop to inhibit signaling in response to interferon, interleukin-12 and interleukin-2 family cytokines. These cytokines have a critical role in orchestrating our immune defence against viral pathogens and cancer. The ability of SOCS1 to limit cytokine signaling positions it as an important immune checkpoint, as evidenced by the detection of detrimental SOCS1 variants in patients with cytokine-driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease. SOCS1 has also emerged as a key checkpoint that restricts anti-tumor immunity, playing both a tumor intrinsic role and impacting the ability of various immune cells to mount an effective anti-tumor response. In this review, we describe the mechanism of SOCS1 action, focusing on the role of SOCS1 in autoimmunity and cancer, and discuss the potential for new SOCS1-directed cancer therapies that could be used to enhance adoptive immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade.

The importance of SOCS1 - 1478 CA/del polymorphism and expression in breast cancer: a case-control study in the north of Iran

PURPOSE

This project aimed to evaluate the relationship between the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) - 1478 CA > del genetic variation and breast cancer susceptibility. Moreover, we investigated the SOCS1 mRNA expression level in cancerous tissues.

METHODS

A total of 100 patients with breast cancer and 120 healthy individuals were selected. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood. SOCS1 genotyping and relative gene expression were performed using ARMS-PCR (Amplification-Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and real-time PCR, respectively.

RESULTS

In breast cancer patients, the prevalence of genotype frequencies of SOCS1 (- 1478 CA > del) CA/CA, CA/del, and del/del was 52, 31, and 17%, respectively. Among controls, the distribution of CA/CA, CA/del, and del/del was 63, 15, and 22%, respectively. The chi-square test reported that a significant difference was observed in the genotypic distribution of SOCS1 (- 1478 CA > del) polymorphism between cases and controls (χ2 = 8.08, P = 0.01). In addition, the presence of the CA/del genotype was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer (in the codominant model: OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.27-4.96, P = 0.007 and in the over dominant model: OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.32-4.90, P = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in allelic distributions between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the breast cancer risk associated with the dominant and recessive genetic models when the reference was CA/CA and CA/CA + CA/del genotype, respectively (P = 0.09 and P = 0.38). Moreover, the expression of SOCS1 decreased in cancerous tissues as compared to the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a functional SOCS1 promoter polymorphism (- 1478 CA > del) may affect breast cancer susceptibility.

The SOCS-1 -1478CA/del functional polymorphism (rs33989964) is associated with gastric cancer but is unrelated to overall survival

BACKGROUND

In vitro studies have shown that the functional - 1478CA > del polymorphism (rs33989964) of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 gene is associated with an altered trascriptional activity. Here, we sought to examine the potential association of this polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and to analyze its prognostic impact on overall survival (OS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study cohort consisted of 74 Turkish patients with GC and 52 healthy controls. Genotyping of the SOCS-1 -1478CA > del polymorphism was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

RESULTS

After allowance of age and sex, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the carriage of the del allele of the SOCS-1 -1478CA > del polymorphism was independently associated with an increased risk of GC (odds ratio = 6.78, 95% confidence interval = 3.24-10.99, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in OS for patients harboring at least one del allele of rs33989964 compared with CA/CA homozygotes (log-rank test, P = 0.17).

CONCLUSION

While the SOCS-1 -1478CA > del polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of GC in the Turkish population, it does not affect OS.

SOCS-1 1478 CA/del gene polymorphism affects survival in colorectal carcinoma

Aims and Background

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a prototype molecule of the SOCS family. Alterations in the SOCS1 expression have been reported in human cancers and some studies suggest that SOCS1 might act as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association of SOCS1 promoter -1478CA/del gene polymorphism detected in DNA isolated from the tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) for histopathological characteristics and survival.

Patients and Methods

For the study, we retrospectively enrolled 53 patients with resected colon due to CRC and 23 control subjects with no systemic illness. SOCS1- 1478CA/del gene polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. These results were evaluated in relation to histopathological features and survival results and analyzed statistically. A P value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Neither control subjects nor the CRC group showed a significant association with SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism (p = 0.248). SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism was not significantly associated with histopathological features either. However, in the overall survival (OS) analysis, those patients with the del/del allele were found to have a 3.9-fold greater risk of mortality compared to those with CA/CA allele (p = 0.05). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also significantly different in such patients (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

The present study examining the association of SOCS1 -1478CA/del gene polymorphism with CRC showed that CRC patients with del/del allele had both significantly shorter PFS and OS versus those with CA/CA or CA/del allele.

The genetic effect and molecular function of the SOCS5 in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Expression of cytokines and growth factors have been shown to be highly correlated with the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a deadly disease with poor prognosis. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are key factors in regulating cytokines and growth factors. Yet the role of the SOCS proteins in ESCC is hardly investigated. We currently investigated the prognostic role of SOCS5 in ESCC. We analyzed the prognostic effects of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the SOCS genes in 632 ESCC patients. We repeatedly observed that the 3 SNPs in SOCS5, SOCS5:rs3814039, SOCS5:rs3738890, and SOCS5: rs3768720, were significantly correlated with both overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of ESCC patients (rs3814039, p=0.032 for OS and p=0.009 for PFS; rs3738890, p=0.016 for OS, and p=0.008 for PFS; rs3768720, p=0.005 for OS and p=0.002 for PFS). SOCS5: rs3768720 was also significantly associated with distant metastasis (Ptrend=0.028). The luciferase assay revealed that SOCS5:rs3814039 and SOCS5: rs3768720 might influence the prognosis by regulating SOCS5 expression. Functional analysis demonstrated SOCS5 was able to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and migration activity of ESCC cells. Furthermore, Patients with strong SOCS5 in normal tissues exhibited significantly better PFS (P=0.049) and reduced risk of distant metastasis (P=0.004) compared to those with weak SOCS5 expression. Overall, our study demonstrates the novel function of SOCS5 in ESCC prognosis. The genetic polymorphisms and expression of SOCS5 could serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for improving the prognosis of ESCC.