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AbouYoussef ML, El-Kemary M, Dovesi R, El-Kelany KE. Geometrical Stability and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Crystallogen and Pnictogen Fullerene Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6-17. [PMID: 36574376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of fullerene and fullerene-like structures, including crystallogen and pnictogen elements, are computed quantum mechanically. The tensors of optical polarizability, α, and second hyperpolarizability, γ, for a series of buckyball fullerene analogues, namely, Si60, Ge60, Sn60, Pb60, P60, As60, Sb60, and Bi60, are reported and analyzed. The eight considered nanocages are here classified into four categories: nanocages stabilized in the X60 form, including C60, As60, Sb60, and Bi60; nanocages that are not stabilized in the X60 form but are found to be stable in a distorted buckled b-X60 form, with X = Si and Ge; nanocages stabilized only in an exohedral decorated X60-Y60 form, X = Sn, Y = H or F; and finally nanocages that are not stable in either distorted or decorated form; however, their corresponding tabular nanotubes are found to be stable; such group includes P and Pb elements. A suggested nomenclature for the above-mentioned fullerenes is given for the first time, where many geometrical, energetic, and optical parameters are discussed extensively. These systems are energetically stable. The cohesive energies of Bi60 and Sn60-F60 range from -1.2 to -4.8 eV/atom and can be compared to -2.4 and -3.3 eV/atom from the corresponding 2D bismuthene and stanene monolayers, respectively. While bismuthellene, Bi60, shows vigorous optical responses compared to standard fullerene, the (9, 0) phosphorus nanotube gives not only enhanced polarizability and second hyperpolarizability but also an inducing first hyperpolarizability, β, which was null by symmetry in the case of spherical fullerenes. The proposed models are expected to be promising materials for optoelectronic and NLO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L AbouYoussef
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516Kafr el-skiekh, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516Kafr el-skiekh, Egypt
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Khaled E El-Kelany
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516Kafr el-skiekh, Egypt
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Feng RB, Zhou QZ, Cheng R, Li P, Zhu ST, Min L, Zhang ST. Expression and Significance of N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 in the process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3275-3283. [PMID: 35048779 PMCID: PMC8973974 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2025685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the expression of tumor suppressor gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) was significantly reduced in human solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to explore whether the difference of NDRG2 expression exists in different stages of ESCC and provides a basis for the early diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expression level of NDRG2 in samples from 91 patients with mild-to-moderate dysplasia, early ESCC, and advanced ESCC. The relationship between the expression of NDRG2 and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. The results showed that positive expression rates of NDRG2 in tissues adjacent to early ESCC (76.7%), or from mild-to-moderate dysplasia (74.1%), and early ESCC (83.3%) were significantly higher than in tissue from advanced ESCC (55.9%). The positive expression rate in advanced ESCC was significantly lower than in the other three tissue types (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) and correlation (Cramer’s V = 0.351, p = 0.019, <0.05) between the expression of NDRG2 and the clinical stage in the 64 patients with ESCC. In conclusion, this study found that the expression of NDRG2 gradually decreased with the progression of esophageal lesions into advanced ESCC. This difference in positive expression rate was more obvious in male patients and patients under 60 years of age. Therefore, the detection of NDRG2 plays an important role in differentiating early ESCC from advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bing Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Zhu J, Tian L, Li H, Hao J, Wang S, Li J, Zhang J. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome is alleviated in NDRG2-deficient mice. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:100-111. [PMID: 33708428 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) often occurs after therapeutic or accidental exposure to high doses of radiation. Unfortunately, there are still no effective medical treatments for GIS. N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), is a tumor suppressor gene and promotes cell apoptosis and differentiation. The aim of our study was to identify the role of NDRG2 in the progression of GIS and explore the potential mechanism. Methods We generated Ndrg2ΔG mice, lacking NDRG2 specifically in the intestinal epithelium. Survival analysis was performed to validate the effect of NDRG2 on GIS, and other common indicators (body weight loss and diarrhea) were used for the assessment of GIS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted to obtain the expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TUNNEL and western blotting were further adopted to determine the relationship between NDRG2 and apoptosis. Finally, we performed histology and immunohistochemistry assays to explore the morphological alternations and changes of proliferation-related molecules, including Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results We found that after 8 gray of total body ɤ-irradiation (TBI), the deletion of NDRG2 in the intestine revealed longer survival time, considerably milder symptoms of GIS, and milder damage to jejunal tissue, compared with the WT mice. Moreover, the Ndrg2ΔG mice significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which were typically increased by irradiation. Apoptosis of the epithelial cells in the Ndrg2ΔG mice was significantly milder while the ratio of proliferation cells was larger in the epithelium of mice 8 days after TBI when compared with the WT mice. Conclusions These findings all indicated that NDRG2 deficiency in the intestine protects mice against radiation-induced GIS mainly through promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lianlian Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Experiment Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Niu Y, Zhou B, Wan C, wu R, Sun H, Lu D. Down-regulation of miR-181a promotes microglial M1 polarization through increasing expression of NDRG2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Treeck O, Skrzypczak M, Schüler-Toprak S, Weber F, Ortmann O. Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer and regulates growth and transcriptome of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105740. [PMID: 32173521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulation of gene expression and are involved in pathogenesis of different diseases including cancer. Recent studies suggested the lncRNA Colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) to act as putative oncogene. In this study, to elucidate the role of this lncRNA in endometrial cancer, we examined its expression in normal endometrium and type 1 endometrial cancer and knocked down its expression in endometrial cancer cell lines followed by transcriptome and pathway analyses. METHODS CCAT1 expression was examined in 100 tissue samples of normal endometrium and type 1 endometrial cancer tissues by means of RT-qPCR. Knockdown of CCAT1 expression in HEC-1B and RL95/2 endometrial cancer cells was performed by siRNA transfection. Affymetrix GeneChip arrays were used to elucidate the effect of both lncRNAs on the transcriptome of these cell lines. RESULTS Median CCAT1 expression was found to be 9.3-fold higher in endometrial cancer when compared to normal endometrium (p < 0.05). In contrast to premenopausal endometrium and G1, G2 and G3 graded endometrial cancer, CCAT1 expression was nearly absent in postmenopausal tissue. Knockdown of CCAT1 by transient siRNA transfection significantly reduced proliferation of HEC-1B cancer cells in vitro by 35.5 % 6 days after transfection and notably reduced their colony formation ability. Affymetrix microarray and Ingenuity pathway analyses revealed a set of up- or down-regulated genes in transfected ERα-negative HEC-1B cells forming a network controlled by the key regulators TNF and TP53, including genes known to be involved in growth control, providing putative molecular mechanisms underlying the observed growth inhibition of HEC-1B cells. In contrast, CCAT1 knockdown in ERα-positive RL95/2 cells did not significantly affect proliferation, but resulted in down-regulation of a network of ERα target genes. CONCLUSIONS Given that the lncRNA CCAT1 was found to be overexpressed in endometrial cancer, affected the growth of HEC-1B cells and the expression of growth regulatory genes, our data suggest CCAT1 to exert oncogenic functions in endometrial cancer and encourage further studies to examine to what extent this lncRNA might be a potential therapy target in this cancer entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Schonkeren SL, Massen M, van der Horst R, Koch A, Vaes N, Melotte V. Nervous NDRGs: the N-myc downstream-regulated gene family in the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:173-186. [PMID: 31485792 PMCID: PMC6754360 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family consists of four members (NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, NDRG4) that are differentially expressed in various organs and function in important processes, like cell proliferation and differentiation. In the last couple of decades, interest in this family has risen due to its connection with several disorders of the nervous system including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and dementia, as well as nervous system cancers. By combining a literature review with in silico data analysis of publicly available datasets, such as the Mouse Brain Atlas, BrainSpan, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, this review summarizes the expression and functions of the NDRG family in the healthy and diseased nervous system. We here show that the NDRGs have a differential, relatively cell type-specific, expression pattern in the nervous system. Even though NDRGs share functionalities, like a role in vesicle trafficking, stress response, and neurite outgrowth, other functionalities seem to be unique to a specific member, e.g., the role of NDRG1 in myelination. Furthermore, mutations, phosphorylation, or changes in expression of NDRGs are related to nervous system diseases, including peripheral neuropathy and different forms of dementia. Moreover, NDRG1, NDRG2, and NDRG4 are all involved in cancers of the nervous system, such as glioma, neuroblastoma, or meningioma. All in all, our review elucidates that although the NDRGs belong to the same gene family and share some functional features, they should be considered unique in their expression patterns and functional importance for nervous system development and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Schonkeren
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Massen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raisa van der Horst
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu W, Yang Y, Fan C, Ma Z, Deng C, Li T, Lv J, Yao W, Gao J. Clinical and pathological significance of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in diverse human cancers. Apoptosis 2018; 21:675-82. [PMID: 27113371 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), located at chromosome 14q11.2, has been reported to be down-regulated and associated with the progression and prognosis of diverse cancers. Collectively, previous studies suggest that NDRG2 functions as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene; thus, up-regulation of NDRG2 protein might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors. The aim of this review was to comprehensively present the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianyuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Li H, Fu X, Gao Y, Li X, Shen Y, Wang W. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of G-protein-coupled receptor 137 inhibits growth of osteosarcoma cells. J Bone Oncol 2017; 11:17-22. [PMID: 29321966 PMCID: PMC5752330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteosarcoma is the most widespread primary carcinoma in bones. Osteosarcoma cells are highly metastatic and frequently develop resistance to chemotherapy making this disease harder to treat. This identifies an urgent need of novel therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma. G-Protein-coupled receptor 137 (GPR137) is involved in several human cancers and may be a novel therapeutic target. Methods The expression of GPR137 was assessed in one osteoblast and three human osteosarcoma cell lines via the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Stable GPR137 knockdown cell lines were established using an RNA interference lentivirus system. Viability, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were performed to measure the effects of GPR137 depletion on cell growth. The underlying molecular mechanism was determined using signaling array analysis and western blot assays. Results GPR137 expression was higher in the three human osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos-2, U2OS, and SW1353, than in osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cells. Lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA targeting GPR137 successfully knocked down GPR137 mRNA and protein expression in both Saos-2 and U2OS cells. In the absence of GPR137, cell viability and colony formation ability were seriously impaired. The extent of apoptosis was also increased in both cell lines. Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase α, proline-rich AKT substrate of 40 kDa, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation levels were down-regulated in GPR137 knockdown cells. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the crucial role of GPR137 in promoting osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro. GPR137 could serve as a potential therapeutic target against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yingjian Gao
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaomiao Li
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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Emerging role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:209-23. [PMID: 26506239 PMCID: PMC4807993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the expression as well as the clinical and pathological significance of NDRG2 in cancer. The pathological processes and molecular pathways regulated by NDRG2 are also summarized. Moreover, mechanisms for increasing NDRG2 expression in tumors and the potential directions of future NDRG2 research are discussed. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental design and increase the potential of NDRG2 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Cecen E, Altun Z, Ercetin P, Aktas S, Olgun N. Promoting effects of sanguinarine on apoptotic gene expression in human neuroblastoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9445-51. [PMID: 25422239 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Approximately half of the affected patients are diagnosed with high-risk poor prognosis disease, and novel therapies are needed. Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid which has anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is whether sanguinarine has in vitro apoptotic effects and which apoptotic genes might be affected in the human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y (N-myc negative), Kelly (N-myc positive, ALK positive), and SK- N-BE(2). Cell viability was analysed with WST-1 and apoptotic cell death rates were determined using TUNEL. After RNA isolation and cDNA conversion, expression of 84 custom array genes of apoptosis was determined. Sanguinarine caused cell death in a dose dependent manner in all neuroblastoma cell lines except SK-N-BE(2) with rates of 18% in SH-SY5Y and 21% in Kelly human neuroblastoma cells. Cisplatin caused similar apoptotic cell death rates of 16% in SH-SY5Y and 23% in Kelly cells and sanguinarine-cisplatin combinations caused the same rates (18% and 20%). Sanguinarine treatment did not affect apoptototic gene expression but decreased levels of anti-apoptotic genes NOL3 and BCL2L2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Caspase and TNF related gene expression was affected by the sanguinarine-cisplatin combination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of regulation of apoptotic genes were increased with sanguinarine treatment in Kelly cells. From these results, we conclude that sanguinarine is a candidate agent against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Cecen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey E-mail :
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Li Z, Li Y, Wang N, Yang L, Zhao W, Zeng X. Establishment and analysis of osteosarcoma cell sublines with different metastatic characteristics. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8591-6. [PMID: 24863941 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell sublines with different metastatic characteristics and provide good experimental models for mechanism study of osteosarcoma metastasis. Six cell sublines were screened and established by using the in vitro cloning technology. In vitro invasion experiments, cellular electrophoretic mobility determinations, cellular proliferation rate determinations, and soft agar clone formation assays were used to compare, analyze, and identify the metastatic characteristics of various cell sublines. The results indicated that the invasion capacity, cellular electrophoretic mobility, cell proliferation, and soft agar clone formation capacity of A2, A3, and A16 sublines were higher than those of A1, A6, and A20 sublines. There was no significant difference in various values determined among A2, A3, and A16, and among A1, A6, and A20 (P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in various values determined between the former three and the latter three (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MG-63 cell sublines with different metastatic characteristics can be established by combining several technologies and can contribute to further research on the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Jilin University Basic Medical School, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
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Vangipuram SD, Buck SA, Lyman WD. Wnt pathway activity confers chemoresistance to cancer stem-like cells in a neuroblastoma cell line. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2173-83. [PMID: 22886526 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in infancy. We have shown that the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH contains CD133+ cells that are more resistant than 133- cells to Doxorubicin (DOX), a common chemotherapeutic agent. We hypothesize that activation of wnt signaling pathway in CD133+ cells contributes to their chemoresistance. To test this hypothesis, CD133+ cells were positively selected using magnetic micro-beads. Subsequently, CD133+ and negatively selected CD133- cells were treated with 100 ng/ml of DOX for up to 72 h. Then, cells were either lysed for total RNA extraction or fixed for immunostaining. Wnt "SIGNATURE" PCR Array was used to determine if changes in wnt related gene expression levels occurred and to estimate a pathway activity score. Expression of wnt pathway proteins β-Catenin and p-GSK3β (S-9) was determined by immunocytochemistry. Two wnt pathway inhibitors were used to determine the changes in cell viability, using the MTT assay. Results showed that wnt related genes were differentially expressed in CD133+ cells as compared to CD133- cells, both with and without DOX treatment. Pathway activity scores showed that DOX treatment significantly suppressed the wnt pathway activity in CD133- cells. Expression of β-catenin and p-GSK3β (S-9) was significantly greater in DOX treated and untreated CD133+ cells. The presence of wnt inhibitors with DOX decreased the number of live cells in CD133+ group and the percentage of live cells in both groups were equal. These data suggest that higher wnt pathway activity could be responsible for the chemoresistance of CD133+ cells in neuroblastoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada D Vangipuram
- Children's Research Center of Michigan, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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