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Atthota S, MacDonald A, Markmann JF, Kuter D, Elias N, Yeh H, Dzik WH, Dageforde LA. Donor-derived disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis in liver transplantation: Considerations for deceased donor liver selection. Liver Transpl 2023; 29:1109-1117. [PMID: 37486918 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OLT is known to be associated with a precarious perioperative hemostatic state due to dysregulation of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, endothelial injury, and inflammation. Transmission of inherited bleeding and clotting disorders from the liver donor to the recipient may further complicate hemostasis during and after transplantation. As a result, consideration of congenital coagulation disorders in the liver donor is a practical concern for donor selection. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the selection of donors with known or suspected thrombophilia or bleeding disorders. While multiple case reports and retrospective studies, subject to reporting bias, describe donor-derived thrombophilic and bleeding disorders, there are no large-scale studies in the adult liver transplant literature that examine the frequency of transmission, utility of donor screening, or clinical impact of donor hemostatic disorders. Based on the reported literature, we summarize our approach for donor selection with an aim to balance improved organ utility and optimal post-transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Atthota
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - James F Markmann
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Kuter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nahel Elias
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter H Dzik
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Dageforde
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Elsiesy H, Shawakat M, Alhamoudi W, Alsebayel M, Renz J, Elbeshbeshy H, Abdelfattah M, Abaalkhail F. Donor-to-recipient transmission of factor XII deficiency by orthotopic liver transplantation. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2019; 32:596-598. [PMID: 31656433 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1641041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of congenital clotting factor deficiencies following orthotopic liver transplantation is rare. There has been one reported case of donor-to-recipient transmission of factor XII deficiency in a transplant, and we report the second case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussien Elsiesy
- Liver Consultants of Texas, Baylor All Saints Medical CenterFort WorthTexas
| | - Mohamed Shawakat
- Department of Liver Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Minia UniversityMiniaEgypt
| | - Waleed Alhamoudi
- Department of Liver Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alsebayel
- Department of Liver Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - John Renz
- Department of Surgery, University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Hany Elbeshbeshy
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of St. LouisSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Mohamed Abdelfattah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Faisal Abaalkhail
- Department of Liver Translpant, King Fahd Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia
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3
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Zhao Y, Feng G, Feng L. Effects of pre-analytical storage time, temperature, and freeze-thaw times on coagulation factors activities in citrate-anticoagulated plasma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 6:456. [PMID: 30603644 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Coagulation factor assays are very important for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring inherited and acquired factor deficiencies. Appropriate pre-analytical storage conditions of citrate-anticoagulated plasma are essential for detection of coagulation factor activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of storage temperature and time on coagulation factor (F) II, FV, FVII, FX, FXI, and FXII activity up to 24 h and the effects of freeze-thaw times at -80 °C on factor activity. Methods Twenty-two blood samples were analyzed after storage for 0 (baseline), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h at 25 and 4 °C. Mean percent changes, numbers of samples with >10% changes, percent change trend plots, and difference plots were evaluated to determine clinically relevant differences. Results The acceptable storage times for FII coagulation activity (FII:C), FV:C, FVII:C, FX:C, FXI:C, and FXII:C were 24, 8, 8, 24, 12, and 12 h at 4 °C and 24, 4, 8, 8, 12, and 12 h at 25 °C, respectively. The acceptable freeze-thaw times for FII:C, FV:C, FVII:C, FX:C, FXI:C, and FXII:C were 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. Conclusions When factor activity cannot be determined within these acceptable timeframes, we recommend that plasma samples should be frozen and thawed at appropriate times for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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4
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Tan A, Florman SS, Schiano TD. Genetic, hematological, and immunological disorders transmissible with liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:663-678. [PMID: 28240807 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that solid organ transplantation can transmit bacterial infection and chronic viral hepatitis as well as certain cancers. As indications for liver transplantation (LT) have expanded, it has been used to treat and even cure certain genetic cholestatic disorders, urea cycle defects, and coagulation abnormalities; many of these conditions are potentially transmissible with LT as well. It is important for clinicians and transplant patients to be aware of these potentially transmissible conditions as unexplained post-LT complications can sometimes be related to donor transmission of disease and thus should prompt a thorough exploration of the donor allograft history. Herein, we will review the reported genetic, metabolic, hematologic, and immunological disorders that are transmissible with LT and describe clinical scenarios in which these cases have occurred, such as in inadvertent or recognized transplantation of a diseased organ, domino transplantation, and with living related liver donation. Liver Transplantation 23 663-678 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sander S Florman
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.,Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
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5
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Kawankar N, Rathi J, Ghosh K, Shetty S. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of factor XI deficiency in India. Thromb Res 2016; 147:85-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Halldorson J, Kazi Z, Mekeel K, Kuo A, Hassanein T, Loomba R, Austin S, Valasek MA, Kishnani P, Hemming AW. Successful combined liver/kidney transplantation from a donor with Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 115:141-4. [PMID: 26031770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease results from inherited deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase resulting in lysosomal accumulation of glycogen primarily in skeletal muscle. Reported is the first case in which a donor with late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) was successfully used for deceased donor liver and kidney transplantation. This case demonstrates co-operative transplant surgery and genetic medicine evaluation and risk estimation for donors with inherited metabolic disorders some of which may be suitable for donation of selected organs for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Halldorson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA.
| | - Z Kazi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - K Mekeel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Medical Center, 200West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - T Hassanein
- Southern California GI and Liver Centers, 230 Prospect Place, Suite 220 Coronado, CA 92118, USA
| | - R Loomba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Medical Center, 200West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
| | - S Austin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M A Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8720, USA
| | - P Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, 905 S. LaSalle Street, 4th Floor, GSRBI, Box 103856 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A W Hemming
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of California Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8401, USA
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8
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Schielke A, Conti F, Goumard C, Perdigao F, Calmus Y, Scatton O. Liver transplantation using grafts with rare metabolic disorders. Dig Liver Dis 2015; 47:261-70. [PMID: 25498135 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases that involve the liver represent a heterogeneous group of disorders. Apart from the metabolic defect, the subject's liver functions may be normal. With the increasing need for organs, livers from donors with metabolic diseases other than familial amyloid polyneuropathy might be possibly used for transplantation. However, whether such livers qualify as grafts and how they might impact recipient outcome are still unanswered questions. This review of the literature summarizes current experience in the use of such grafts in the context of cadaveric, domino, and living-related liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Schielke
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Filomena Conti
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Goumard
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Fabiano Perdigao
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Yvon Calmus
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Scatton
- AP-HP, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital La Pitié - Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France.
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9
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Acquired factor XI deficiency: a rare complication after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:179-81. [PMID: 25596963 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A majority of coagulation factors are synthesized in the liver. Factor XI (FXI) deficiency (Rosenthal syndrome) is one of the rare inherited coagulation disorders with an extremely low risk of transmission by liver transplantation (LT). CASE REPORT We report here the case of a 50-year-old man who unknowingly acquired FXI deficiency by LT. During 1 year of post-transplant follow-up, his activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) remained prolonged, but he did not develop bleeding complications. The patient required retransplantation due to chronic rejection and is currently doing well 4 years after his first liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a prolonged aPTT in a deceased donor should raise suspicion for the presence of rare coagulation factor deficiencies. During urgent, lifesaving procedures such as LT, it may be impossible to avoid transmission. Awareness of this possibility will allow early detection and management.
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10
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Kitchens WH, Yeh H, Van Cott EM, Elias N, Kawai T, Markmann JF, Hertl M. Protein S deficiency in a living liver donor. Transpl Int 2011; 25:e23-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Simpson E, Gillett G, Makris M. Liver transplantation for factor XI deficiency: cure before diagnosis. Haemophilia 2008; 14:649-50. [PMID: 18336546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fard-Esfahani P, Lari GR, Ravanbod S, Mirkhani F, Allahyari M, Rassoulzadegan M, Ala F. Seven novel point mutations in the F11 gene in Iranian FXI-deficient patients. Haemophilia 2007; 14:91-5. [PMID: 18005151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Factor XI (FXI) deficiency disorder is caused by defects in the F11 gene. The affected patients may suffer unexpected and major bleeding after trauma. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify the mutations underlying FXI deficiency in Iranian patients. The genetic basis of FXI deficiency was investigated in nine Iranian patients from unrelated families using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct sequencing. Nine different mutations were detected among which seven changes were not previously reported. Among the novel mutations, one was a point mutation that interfered with normal splicing of the mRNA; the other six changes were missense mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions. Five mutations out of nine were heterozygous and were found in moderately affected patients, whereas the other four changes were homozygous among severely affected patients.
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13
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Osborn NK, Ustundag Y, Zent CS, Wiesner RH, Rosen CB, Narayanan Menon KV. Factor XII deficiency acquired by orthotopic liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1743-5. [PMID: 16827880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of congenital clotting factor deficiencies after orthotopic liver transplantation is rare. There are published reports of liver donor-to-recipient transmission of protein C deficiency with dysfibrinogenemia, protein S, factor VII and factor XI deficiencies. We report a case of transmission of factor XII deficiency with liver transplantation in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome. There was a persistent elevation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), but no evidence of bleeding while the patient was maintained on warfarin. The presence of a persistently abnormal aPTT may raise suspicion for the presence of a clotting factor deficiency; however, deficiencies of other clotting factors may not be readily apparent on routine blood tests performed in a donor. Being aware of the possibilities of transmission of these inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors will aid in their early detection and management in the transplant donor and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Osborn
- Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Quélin F, Mathonnet F, Potentini-Esnault C, Trigui N, Peynet J, Bastenaire B, Guillon L, Bigel ML, Sauger A, Mazurier C, de Mazancourt P. Identification of five novel mutations in the factor XI gene (F11) of patients with factor XI deficiency. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2006; 17:69-73. [PMID: 16607084 DOI: 10.1097/01.mbc.0000198054.50257.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder associated with bleeding of variable severity. However, many cases of dominant disease transmission have been recently described. This disorder is rare in the general population, whereas it is commonly found in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. This study reports the molecular genetic analysis of FXI deficiencies in 11 unrelated families of different origin. Five novel mutations have been identified. Severe FXI deficiency of two unrelated patients resulted from two novel mutations: one deletion (960-961delGT) in exon 9 predicting a frameshift, and a Ser-4Leu mutation located in the signal peptide. In addition, three novel missense mutations associated with partial FXI deficiency have been identified: Cys122Tyr, Glu297Lys and Glu579Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Quélin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.
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15
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16
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Quélin F, Trossaërt M, Sigaud M, Mazancourt PDE, Fressinaud E. Molecular basis of severe factor XI deficiency in seven families from the west of France. Seven novel mutations, including an ancient Q88X mutation. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:71-6. [PMID: 14717969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inherited factor (F)XI deficiency is a rare disorder in the general population, though it is commonly found in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. In particular, two mutations--a stop mutation (type II) and a missense mutation (type III)--which are responsible for FXI deficiency, predominate. The bleeding tendency associated with plasma FXI deficiency in patients is variable, with approximately 50% of patients exhibiting excessive post-traumatic or postsurgical bleeding. In this study, we identified the molecular basis of FXI deficiency in 10 patients belonging to six unrelated families of the Nantes area in France and one family of Lebanese origin. As in Ashkenazi Jewish or in French Basque patients, we have identified a new ancient mutation in exon 4 resulting in Q88X, specific to patients from Nantes, that can result in a severely truncated polypeptide. Homozygous Q88X was found in a severely affected patient with an inhibitor to FXI and in three other unrelated families, either as homozygous, heterozygous or compound heterozygous states. Other identified mutations are two nonsense mutations in the FXI gene, in exon 7 and 15, resulting in R210X and C581X, respectively, which were identified in three families. A novel insertion in exon 3 (nucleotide 137 + G), which causes a stop codon, was characterized. Finally, sequence analysis of all 15 exons of the FXI gene revealed three missense mutations resulting in G336R and G350A (exon 10) and T575M (exon 15). Two mutations (T575M and G350A) with discrepant antigen and functional values are particularly interesting because most of the described mutations are associated with the absence of secreted protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Quélin
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.
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17
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Guy S, Magliocca JF, Fruchtman S, McDonough P, Emre S, Kim-Schluger L, Sheiner PA, Fishbein TM, Schwartz ME, Miller CM, Magliocca JF, Emre S, Sheiner PA, Fishbein TM, Schwartz M, Miller CM, Fruchtman S, Kim-Schluger L, McDonough P. Transmission of factor VII deficiency through liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1999.tb01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Abstract
AbstractFactor XI is a plasma glycoprotein that is required for contact activation initiated fibrin formation in vitro and for normal hemostasis in vivo. In preparation for developing a mouse model of factor XI deficiency to facilitate investigations into this protease's contributions to coagulation, we cloned the complementary DNA for murine factor XI, expressed the protein in a mammalian expression system, and compared its properties with human recombinant factor XI. The 2.8-kb murine cDNA codes for a protein of 624 amino acids with 78% homology to human factor XI. Both recombinant murine and human factor XI are 160 kD homodimers comprised of two 80 kD polypeptides connected by disulfide bonds. Murine factor XI shortens the clotting time of human factor XI deficient plasma in an activated partial thromboplastin time assay, with a specific activity 50% to 70% that of the human protein. In a purified system, murine factor XI is activated by human factor XIIa and thrombin in the presence of dextran sulfate. Murine factor XI differs from human factor XI in that it undergoes autoactivation slowly in the presence of dextran sulfate. This is due primarily to murine factor XIa preferentially cleaving a site on zymogen factor XI within the light chain, rather than the activation site between Arg371 and Val372. Northern blots of polyadenylated messenger RNA show that murine factor XI message is expressed, as expected, primarily in the liver. In contrast, messenger RNA for human factor XI was identified in liver, pancreas, and kidney. The studies show that murine and human factor XI have similar structural and enzymatic properties. However, there may be variations in tissue specific expression and subtle differences in enzyme activity across species.
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19
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Abstract
Factor XI is a plasma glycoprotein that is required for contact activation initiated fibrin formation in vitro and for normal hemostasis in vivo. In preparation for developing a mouse model of factor XI deficiency to facilitate investigations into this protease's contributions to coagulation, we cloned the complementary DNA for murine factor XI, expressed the protein in a mammalian expression system, and compared its properties with human recombinant factor XI. The 2.8-kb murine cDNA codes for a protein of 624 amino acids with 78% homology to human factor XI. Both recombinant murine and human factor XI are 160 kD homodimers comprised of two 80 kD polypeptides connected by disulfide bonds. Murine factor XI shortens the clotting time of human factor XI deficient plasma in an activated partial thromboplastin time assay, with a specific activity 50% to 70% that of the human protein. In a purified system, murine factor XI is activated by human factor XIIa and thrombin in the presence of dextran sulfate. Murine factor XI differs from human factor XI in that it undergoes autoactivation slowly in the presence of dextran sulfate. This is due primarily to murine factor XIa preferentially cleaving a site on zymogen factor XI within the light chain, rather than the activation site between Arg371 and Val372. Northern blots of polyadenylated messenger RNA show that murine factor XI message is expressed, as expected, primarily in the liver. In contrast, messenger RNA for human factor XI was identified in liver, pancreas, and kidney. The studies show that murine and human factor XI have similar structural and enzymatic properties. However, there may be variations in tissue specific expression and subtle differences in enzyme activity across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hauptman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Cransac M, Carles J, Bernard PH, Malavialle P, Freyburger G, Winnock S, Saric J. Heterozygous protein C deficiency and dysfibrinogenemia acquired by liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1995.tb01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Cransac M, Carles J, Bernard PH, Malavialle P, Freyburger G, Winnock S, Saric J. Heterozygous protein C deficiency and dysfibrinogenemia acquired by liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1995; 8:307-11. [PMID: 7546154 DOI: 10.1007/bf00346885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation is now a successful treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Since most components of the coagulation system are synthesized by liver parenchymal cells, there is always a risk of genetic defects of hemostasis being transmitting by liver transplantation. Some coagulation factor defects, such as protein C deficiency, do not induce abnormalities in routine coagulation tests and, thus, go undetected before organ procurement. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of the transmission of heterozygous protein C deficiency, an autosomal recessive genetic defect, associated with dysfibrinogenemia, an autosomal dominant trait, by liver transplantation. Both the recipient and the donor presented with severe thrombotic complications. This case shows that potentially morbid genetic defects can be transmitted by organ transplantation, and it emphasizes the difficulty associated with organ procurement criteria, particularly for liver transplantation, in which routine blood tests appear insufficient for determining whether or not organs can or should be procured from a given donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cransac
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Lerut JP, Laterre PF, Lavenne-Pardonge E, Donataccio M, Geubel A, Reynaert MS, Otte JB. Liver transplantation and haemophilia A. J Hepatol 1995; 22:583-5. [PMID: 7650339 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation has become the standard treatment for a variety of inherited metabolic disorders. We report on two patients who underwent successful transplantation for posthepatitis viral cirrhosis, which developed following blood factor replacement for haemophilia A. The second patient was transplanted before the occurrence of major complications of either his liver or haemophilic disease. We propose early liver transplantation to achieve metabolic cure of haemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lerut
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals St. Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
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