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Alqahtani SA, Stepanova M, Al Shabeeb R, Eberly KL, Ong J, Younossi ZM. The impact of hepatitis B and C positive serologies on the outcomes of non-hepatic solid organ transplantation in the United States. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:181-188. [PMID: 38158773 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection could negatively affect outcomes of non-hepatic solid organ transplantations due to the risk of viral reactivation in the presence of immunosuppression. This study aimed to determine post-transplant outcomes in patients with HBV or HCV positivity receiving non-hepatic solid-state organ transplant. Data was collected from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) 2006-2021 for patients (≥18) who received a lung, heart, or kidney single organ transplant in the U.S. Hepatitis C positivity (HCV+) was determined as positive HCV Ab and hepatitis B positivity (HBV+) as positive HBsAg. We included N = 30,872 lung, N = 36,990 heart and N = 280,162 kidney transplant recipients. The prevalence of HBV+ was 1.3% in lung, 1.5% in heart and 1.7% in kidney patients, HCV+ was 2.2%, 2.2% and 5.0%, respectively. Post-transplant survival of patients with vs. without HBV+ was similar in all solid organ transplants (all p > .05). Similarly, there was no difference in post-transplant survival between lung transplant recipients with vs. without anti-HCV (all p > .05). Heart transplant recipients with HCV+ had higher crude post-transplant mortality (all p < .01). Similarly, there was higher post-transplant mortality in kidney transplant recipients with HCV+ (1-year: 6% vs. 3%; 5-year: 21% vs. 13%; 10-year: 47% vs. 31%; all p < .0001). In multivariate analysis controlling for confounders, only the association of HCV+ with higher post-kidney transplant mortality remained significant: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) (95% CI) = 1.16 (1.12-1.20), p < .0001. There was no association of viral hepatitis seropositivity with the risk of graft failure in all groups (p > .05). In most cases, the presence of HBV or HCV serologies is not associated with adverse post-transplant outcomes in non-hepatic solid organ transplants. However, kidney transplant recipients who are positive for HCV serology have an increased risk for post-transplant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alqahtani
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Liver Transplant Center and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Stepanova
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Liver Transplant Center and Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Reem Al Shabeeb
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Kathrine Luz Eberly
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Janus Ong
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
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Maggi P, Calò F, Messina V, Stornaiuolo G, Stanzione M, Rinaldi L, De Pascalis S, Macera M, Coppola N. Cardiovascular disease risk in liver transplant recipients transplanted due to chronic viral hepatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265178. [PMID: 35294954 PMCID: PMC8926187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation, mostly in patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity and diabetes. Few data exist on cardiovascular diseases among patients transplanted for viral hepatitis.
Objective
Our aim is to clarify the cardiovascular risk and subclinical vascular damage among liver transplant recipients for chronic viral hepatitis (i.e. hepatits C virus, hepatis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection).
Methods
Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) due to viral hepatitis who signed informed consent, and were admitted for a routine follow-up between June 2019 and September 2020 at the Infectious Disease outpatient clinic of the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy, were prospectively enrolled. An estimation of cardiovascular risk was assessed using three main risk charts, echocolor-Doppler of epiaortic vessels was performed to assess subclinical Intima-Media changes.
Results
A total of 161 patients were evaluated; of these 15 were excluded because not affected by viral hepatitis. 146 patients were considered. 83 patients (56.8%) were considered at high cardiovascular risk according to Framingham, 54 patients (36.9%) to American Heart Association Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) score and 19 (13.0%) to Heart Score. Only 8 patients (5.4%) showed a normal carotid ultrasound, while 52 patients (35.6%) had a carotid artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and 86 (58.9%) an atherosclerotic plaque.
Conclusions
Liver transplant recipients for virus-related associated liver disease are, in light of the high percentage of carotid lesions, at high risk of CVD. Risk charts compared to subclinical carotid lesions which represent damage already established and a real localization of the disease, seem to underestimate the cardiovascular risk. A chronic inflammatory status, could play a key role. It’s important to raise the awareness of cardiovascular risk in liver transplant patients to prevent cardiovascular diseases and improve the timing of early diagnosis of premature vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maggi
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Federica Calò
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranca Stornaiuolo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Stanzione
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascalis
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine – Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Arez F, Rodrigues AF, Brito C, Alves PM. Bioengineered Liver Cell Models of Hepatotropic Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:773. [PMID: 33925701 PMCID: PMC8146083 DOI: 10.3390/v13050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis viruses and liver-stage malaria are within the liver infections causing higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The highly restricted tropism of the major human hepatotropic pathogens-namely, the human hepatitis B and C viruses and the Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites-has hampered the development of disease models. These models are crucial for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of infection and governing host-pathogen interaction, as well as for fostering drug development. Bioengineered cell models better recapitulate the human liver microenvironment and extend hepatocyte viability and phenotype in vitro, when compared with conventional two-dimensional cell models. In this article, we review the bioengineering tools employed in the development of hepatic cell models for studying infection, with an emphasis on 3D cell culture strategies, and discuss how those tools contributed to the level of recapitulation attained in the different model layouts. Examples of host-pathogen interactions uncovered by engineered liver models and their usefulness in drug development are also presented. Finally, we address the current bottlenecks, trends, and prospect toward cell models' reliability, robustness, and reproducibility.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bioengineering/methods
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Drug Discovery
- Hepatitis/drug therapy
- Hepatitis/etiology
- Hepatitis/metabolism
- Hepatitis/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/parasitology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/etiology
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/metabolism
- Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Arez
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (F.A.); (A.F.R.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Velev V, Popov M, Velikov P, Dinkova M, Ilieva V, Gospodinova G, Tcherveniakova T, Pavlova M. COVID-19 and gastrointestinal injury: a brief systematic review and data from Bulgaria. Infez Med 2020; 28:37-41. [PMID: 32532936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In December 2019, a new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China, causing the pandemic disease COVID-19. The clinical presentation is variable, but the predominant symptoms are those of the upper respiratory tract. AIM The aim of the current study is to describe the incidence and type of the gastrointestinal injury (GI) in COVID-19, as well as their prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a coincidental search on this topic in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE. We also followed a group of 31 Bulgarian COVID-19 patients throughout the course of their disease and analyzed their symptoms (catarrhal and other) and outcome. RESULTS The publications concerning our survey followed a total of 1509 COVID-19 patients. In the Bulgarian cohort, only 14 from the 31 patients were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Approximately 1/3 of the infected individuals presented with GI. In some patients this was the first, or only, symptom of the disease. It was also indicative of a more severe disease course. CONCLUSION GI may be an important symptom and prognostic factor in COVID-19. Therefore, patients with acute gastrointestinal symptoms must be actively tested for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Velev
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Metodi Popov
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Velikov
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Dinkova
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viktoria Ilieva
- University Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases "St. Sofia", Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriela Gospodinova
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatiana Tcherveniakova
- University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov", Sofia, Bulgaria, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Pavlova
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Samidoust P, Samidoust A, Samadani AA, Khoshdoz S. Risk of hepatic failure in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infez Med 2020; 28:96-103. [PMID: 32532945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury has been reported to occur during the disease in severe cases. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to investigate the incidence of liver injury among published literature from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03 to provide an outline for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. Four databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Scopus were searched for studies published from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03. Data analysis and drawing of charts were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.2 (Biostat, USA). The search yielded 450 publications, of which 64 potentially eligible studies were identified for full-text review and 21 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria remained. A total of 4191 COVID-19 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of liver injury was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.3-26.1). According to our results, there was significant heterogeneity among the 19 studies (X2 = 738.5; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.34%). Among 288 death cases, the pooled prevalence of liver injury was 22.8% (95% CI: 11.7-39.8). In summary, the COVID-19 disease itself can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases and even may lead to ARDS and multiple organ failure. The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of liver injury that may assist clinicians anywhere in the globe in controlling COVID-19-related infection and complications. Moreover, the prevalence of liver injury can be higher in severe cases than in mild cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirouz Samidoust
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aryan Samidoust
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdoz
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Casadio L, Nastri AC, Malta FM, Araujo J, Silva JB, Salomao J, Yamashiro J, Salles AP, Gouvea MG, Kanamura C, Lima FR, Tanigawa RY, Melo ES, Lima R, Terrabuio D, Cançado E, Ho YL, Sabino EC, Pinho JR, Carrilho FJ, Alves VA, Levin AS. Late-Onset Relapsing Hepatitis Associated with Yellow Fever. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:2059-2061. [PMID: 32433844 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1913036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roque Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yeh-Li Ho
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandez-Montero JV, Soriano V. Acute Viral Hepatitis in Men Having Sex with Men. AIDS Rev 2020; 22:168-172. [PMID: 33118532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vicente Fernandez-Montero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, Scotland
- University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Vicente Soriano
- UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease can develop liver disease as a result of intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes, viral hepatitis and iron overload secondary to multiple blood transfusions, and gallstone disease as a result of chronic hemolysis. The spectrum of clinical liver disease is wide and often multifactorial. Some patients develop cirrhosis that may progress to end-stage liver failure. Limited evidence exists for medical treatments. Exchange blood transfusions may improve outcomes in the acute liver syndromes. Liver transplantation may be an option for chronic liver disease. The role for prophylactic cholecystectomy in preventing complications of gallstone disease is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Theocharidou
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Abid R Suddle
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
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Dematapitiya C, Perera C, Chinthaka W, Senanayaka S, Tennakoon D, Ameer A, Ranasinghe D, Warriyapperuma U, Weerarathna S, Satharasinghe R. Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia- a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis; serum ferritin as an important biomarker. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:68. [PMID: 30658594 PMCID: PMC6339345 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis is one of the main manifestations of Epstein - Barr virus, which is characterized by fever, tonsillar-pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes. Although 60% of patients with IMN develop cold type antibodies, clinically significant hemolytic anemia with a high ferritin level is very rare and validity of serum ferritin as an important biomarker has not been used frequently. CASE PRESENTATION 18-year-old girl presented with fever, malaise and sore throat with asymptomatic anemia, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and mild hepatitis. Investigations revealed that she had cold type autoimmune hemolysis, significantly elevated serum ferritin, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level with serological evidence of recent Epstein Barr infection. She was managed conservatively and her hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels normalized without any intervention following two weeks of the acute infection. CONCLUSION Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis and serum ferritin is used very rarely as an important biomarker. Management of cold type anemia is mainly supportive and elevated serum ferritin indicates severe viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthana Dematapitiya
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Chiara Perera
- Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Dehiwala, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Wajira Chinthaka
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Solith Senanayaka
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Deshani Tennakoon
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Anfas Ameer
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Dinesh Ranasinghe
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Ushani Warriyapperuma
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Weerarathna
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
| | - Ravindra Satharasinghe
- Sri Jayawardanapura General Hospital, Thalapathpitiya, Nugegoda, Western province Sri Lanka
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Abstract
Importance A recent increase in patients presenting with nonfatal opioid overdoses has focused clinical attention on characterizing their risks of premature mortality. Objective To describe all-cause mortality rates, selected cause-specific mortality rates, and standardized mortality rate ratios (SMRs) of adults during their first year after nonfatal opioid overdose. Design, Setting, and Participants This US national longitudinal study assesses a cohort of patients aged 18 to 64 years who were Medicaid beneficiaries and experienced nonfatal opioid overdoses. The Medicaid data set included the years 2001 through 2007. Death record information was obtained from the National Death Index. Data analysis occurred from October 2017 to January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Crude mortality rates per 100 000 person-years were determined in the first year after nonfatal opioid overdose. Standardized mortality rate ratios (SMR) were estimated for all-cause and selected cause-specific mortality standardized to the general population with respect to age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results The primary cohort included 76 325 adults and 66 736 person-years of follow-up. During the first year after nonfatal opioid overdose, there were 5194 deaths, the crude death rate was 778.3 per 10 000 person-years, and the all-cause SMR was 24.2 (95% CI, 23.6-24.9). The most common immediate causes of death were substance use-associated diseases (26.2%), diseases of the circulatory system (13.2%), and cancer (10.3%). For every cause examined, SMRs were significantly elevated, especially with respect to drug use-associated diseases (SMR, 132.1; 95% CI, 125.6-140.0), HIV (SMR, 45.9; 95% CI, 39.5-53.0), chronic respiratory diseases (SMR, 41.1; 95% CI, 36.0-46.8), viral hepatitis (SMR, 30.6; 95% CI, 22.9-40.2), and suicide (SMR, 25.9; 95% CI, 22.6-29.6), particularly including suicide among females (SMR, 47.9; 95% CI, 39.8-52.3). Conclusions and Relevance In a US national cohort of adults who had experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose, a marked excess of deaths was attributable to a wide range of substance use-associated, mental health, and medical conditions, underscoring the importance of closely coordinating the substance use, mental health, and medical care of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olfson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Center for Health Services Research on Pharmacotherapy, Chronic Disease Management, and Outcomes, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Melanie Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Shuai Wang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Shang-Min Liu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- Now withDivision of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland
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Poteat TC, Malik M, Beyrer C. Epidemiology of HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Viral Hepatitis, and Tuberculosis Among Incarcerated Transgender People: A Case of Limited Data. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 40:27-39. [PMID: 29554240 PMCID: PMC5982724 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgender people experience a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and incarceration. Discrimination, victimization, poverty, and poor mental health drive vulnerability to HIV and related infections, as well as risk of arrest, detention, and incarceration. In this paper, we systematically review published data on HIV, sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis among incarcerated transgender people; describe potential structural determinants of HIV risk and transmission; identify gaps in the literature; and make recommendations for research and interventions to address this neglected population. We found that HIV and related infections among incarcerated transgender people have received little attention in the epidemiologic literature. The limited data available, which date from 1992, demonstrate high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in this population internationally. Transgender people who had not had genital surgery were typically placed in jails and prisons corresponding to birth-assigned sex rather than gender identity. Once incarcerated, they routinely faced harassment, physical abuse, and sexual violence from inmates and staff and denial of access to medically necessary gender-affirming therapies. More HIV research with incarcerated transgender populations is urgently needed to inform correctional policy change that centers human rights and structural interventions, such as stigma reduction, pre-arrest diversion, and access to HIV prevention methods and gender-affirming care during incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia C Poteat
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mannat Malik
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Avanzi VM, Fonzar UJV, Silva ES, Teixeira JJV, Bertolini DA. Risk areas for hepatitis A, B and C in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil 2007-2010. Geospat Health 2018; 13:607. [PMID: 29772892 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2018.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. We retrospectively analyzed 338 cases of hepatitis A, B and C in Maringá, Paraná State from 2007 through 2010. The hepatitis A virus was present in 5.6% of the cases, hepatitis B in 44.7% and hepatitis C in 49.7%. Most of the patients affected were male (55.3%), white (79.6%) and had some primary education (42.9%). Of the 338 cases analyzed, 13.0% had comorbidities. The cases were concentrated in large-population census zones, but it was concluded that the spatial distribution of viral hepatitis in Maringá occurred randomly rather than show any regular pattern.
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Jang TY, Lin PC, Huang CI, Liao YM, Yeh ML, Zeng YS, Liang PC, Hsu WY, Tsai SP, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Huang JF, Dai CY, Huang CF, Chiou SS, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Seroprevalence and clinical characteristics of viral hepatitis in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and hemophilia patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178883. [PMID: 28598970 PMCID: PMC5466320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Transfusion dependent subjects are at a great risk of viral hepatitis infection. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among transfusion-dependent patients in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 140 patients (67 thalassemic patients, 70 hemophilic patients, two patients with hereditary spherocytosis and one patient with von Willebrand disease) were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with viral hepatitis and spontaneous HCV clearance. All patients were tested for HBV and HCV serology and virology. Two consecutive serum samples, at least 1 year apart, were collected to clarify HCV seroclearance. RESULTS The seropositivity rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibody (anti-HCV), and both HBsAg/anti-HCV were 6.4%, 45.7% and 5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with anti-HCV seropositivity included age (odds ratio/95% confidence interval [OR/CI]: 1.12/1.07-1.18, P<0.001), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR/CI: 1.04/1.02-1.06, P<0.001) and platelet counts (OR/CI: 0.995/0.991-0.998, P = 0.002). Age was the only factor independently associated with HBsAg seropositivity (OR/CI: 1.08/1.02-1.14.4, P = 0.007). Compared to patients born before 1992, the seroprevalence of HCV among thalassemic patients decreased dramatically in those born after 1992 (46.0% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.012). The seroprevalence of HCV among hemophilic patients also decreased significantly when comparing patients born before 1987 to those born after 1987 (79.5% vs. 11.5%, p<0.001). Similarly, the seroprevalence of HBV decreased significantly in the post-vaccination cohort compared to its counterpart (13.1%, vs. 1.3%, p = 0.005). The spontaneous clearance of HCV was observed in 25.4% (15/59) of patients, and ALT was the only factor associated with it (OR/CI 0.98/0.96-1.00, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Both HBV and HCV infections are prevalent among transfusion-dependent thalassemic and hemophilic patients in Taiwan. Nevertheless, seroprevalence decreased significantly and dramatically for HCV after universal blood screening and for HBV after implementation of a universal mass vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Zeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pien Tsai
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Special Hematologic Disease Service Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Mavzyutov AR, Mavzyutova GA. [The algorithms of etiologic laboratory diagnostic of parenteral viral hepatitis]. Klin Lab Diagn 2016; 61:730-732. [PMID: 30615350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The article considers methods of laboratory diagnostic of parenteral viral hepatitis. The approaches ensuring single-valued differentiation of infected patients are determined. The various methods of evaluation of activity of infection process are presented. The algorithm of complex laboratory analysis concerning presence of parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D, G, TT, SEN) was proposed to ensure maximal informative minimum of laboratory analyses permitting fast and single-valued interpretation of received diagnostic data.
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Dolan K, Wirtz AL, Moazen B, Ndeffo-Mbah M, Galvani A, Kinner SA, Courtney R, McKee M, Amon JJ, Maher L, Hellard M, Beyrer C, Altice FL. Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees. Lancet 2016; 388:1089-1102. [PMID: 27427453 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prison setting presents not only challenges, but also opportunities, for the prevention and treatment of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis. We did a comprehensive literature search of data published between 2005 and 2015 to understand the global epidemiology of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tuberculosis in prisoners. We further modelled the contribution of imprisonment and the potential impact of prevention interventions on HIV transmission in this population. Of the estimated 10·2 million people incarcerated worldwide on any given day in 2014, we estimated that 3·8% have HIV (389 000 living with HIV), 15·1% have HCV (1 546 500), 4·8% have chronic HBV (491 500), and 2·8% have active tuberculosis (286 000). The few studies on incidence suggest that intraprison transmission is generally low, except for large-scale outbreaks. Our model indicates that decreasing the incarceration rate in people who inject drugs and providing opioid agonist therapy could reduce the burden of HIV in this population. The prevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV, and tuberculosis is higher in prison populations than in the general population, mainly because of the criminalisation of drug use and the detention of people who use drugs. The most effective way of controlling these infections in prisoners and the broader community is to reduce the incarceration of people who inject drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dolan
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrea L Wirtz
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Babak Moazen
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martial Ndeffo-Mbah
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alison Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Griffith Criminology Institute & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ryan Courtney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph J Amon
- Health and Human Rights Division, Human Rights Watch, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Maher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Castagnola E, Ruberto E, Guarino A. Gastrointestinal and liver infections in children undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy in the years 2000. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5853-5866. [PMID: 27433098 PMCID: PMC4932220 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To review gastrointestinal and liver infections in children undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. To look at gut microflora features in oncology children.
METHODS: We selected studies published after year 2000, excluding trials on transplanted pediatric patients. We searched English language publications in MEDLINE using the keywords: “gastrointestinal infection AND antineoplastic chemotherapy AND children”, “gastrointestinal infection AND oncology AND children”, “liver infection AND antineoplastic chemotherapy AND children”, “liver abscess AND chemotherapy AND child”, “neutropenic enterocolitis AND chemotherapy AND children”, “thyphlitis AND chemotherapy AND children”, “infectious diarrhea AND children AND oncology”, “abdominal pain AND infection AND children AND oncology”, “perianal sepsis AND children AND oncology”, “colonic pseudo-obstruction AND oncology AND child AND chemotherapy”, “microflora AND children AND malignancy”, “microbiota AND children AND malignancy”, “fungal flora AND children AND malignancy”. We also analysed evidence from several articles and book references.
RESULTS: Gastrointestinal and liver infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. Antineoplastic drugs cause immunosuppression in addition to direct toxicity, predisposing to infections, although the specific risk is variable according to disease and host features. Common pathogens potentially induce severe diseases whereas opportunistic microorganisms may attack vulnerable hosts. Clinical manifestations can be subtle and not specific. In addition, several conditions are rare and diagnostic process and treatments are not standardized. Diagnosis may be challenging, however early diagnosis is needed for quick and appropriate interventions. Interestingly, the source of infection in those children can be exogenous or endogenous. Indeed, mucosal damage may allow the penetrance of endogenous microbes towards the bowel wall and their translocation into the bloodstream. However, only limited knowledge of intestinal dysbiosis in oncology children is available.
CONCLUSION: The diagnostic work-up requires a multimodal approach and should be implemented (also by further studies on new biomarkers) for a prompt and individualized therapy.
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18
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Laudańska E, Brzósko S, Bieryło A, Naumnik B. [Risk factors for cancer development in patients after kidney transplantation]. Przegl Lek 2016; 73:509-512. [PMID: 29677422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation in patients with ESRD (end-stage renal disease) improves quality of life and is associated with an increase in both survival rates and the reduction in medical costs compared with patients waiting for a transplant as well as dialysis population. Cancers, next to the cardiovascular disease and infection, present as one of the most common causes of kidney transplant recipients deaths. Incidence of neoplasm after kidney transplantation is between 2.3 and 31%. Risk factors for carcinogenesis after transplantation can be divided into three main groups which include traditional factors (genetic predisposition, exposure to UVA and UVB radiation, smoking, abuse of painkillers, cancer in the pretransplant period), factors connected with kidney disease (cause and treatment of kidney failure) and related to transplantation (immunosuppressive regimen, chronic viral infection, cancer transition with graft). Immunosuppressive treatment undoubtedly has a huge impact on the development of tumours in patients after transplantation. It is to be remembered to include mTOR inhibitors in immunosuppressive regimen in patients with a history of cancer. In kidney recipients the frequency of reactivation as well as de novo infection of oncogenic virus is increased, particularly: EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), HBV (hepatitis type B virus), HCV (hepatitis type C virus), HPV (human papilloma virus) i HHV8 (human herpes virus type 8). An important aspect is the awareness of patients about the increased risk of cancer development and necessity of respecting and applying of preventive recommendations.
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Sandrini S, Scolari F, Savoldi S, Brunori G, Callea F, Tardanico R, Facchetti F, Delaini C, Cristinelli L, Maiorca R. Liver disease in renal transplant patients treated with azathioprine or ciclosporin. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 51:114-9. [PMID: 3032510 DOI: 10.1159/000413106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Rossati A, Bargiacchi O, Brondolo R, Brustia D, Rosa F, Garavelli PL. [Parvovirus B19 in adult: report of two cases]. Recenti Prog Med 2013; 104:554. [PMID: 24326708 DOI: 10.1701/1349.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 infection is asymptomatic in the majority of cases, but the are several well-known clinical manifestation. In adults transient aplastic crisis, chronic anemia, arthropathy, meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis and acute hepatitis have been described. In this paper the Authors report two cases - arthropathy and acute hepatitis - of Parvovirus B19 infection in adults.
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Tseng YT, Sun HY, Chang SY, Wu CH, Liu WC, Wu PY, Lu CL, Hsieh CY, Hung CC. Seroprevalence of hepatitis virus infection in men who have sex with men aged 18-40 years in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:431-8. [PMID: 22939661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Comparisons of the seroprevalence rates of these hepatitis viruses between HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM are rarely performed in Taiwan. METHODS Between January 2009 and June 2010, data on the serologies for HAV, HBV, and HCV were collected from two groups of patients: HIV-negative MSM, aged 18-40 years, who sought voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV infection, and HIV-positive MSM of the same age group who sought HIV care at the National Taiwan University Hospital. Both groups of patients were also tested for syphilis. RESULTS During the 18-month study period, 690 HIV-negative MSM and 438 HIV-positive MSM were enrolled and tested for anti-HAV antibody, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc antibody), and anti-HCV antibody. HIV-positive MSM were older than HIV-negative MSM (30.5 ± 5.4 vs. 25.8 ± 4.7 years, p < 0.01). For HIV-positive MSM, the mean CD4 lymphocyte count was 477.6 ± 230.0 cells/μL and 46% of them had undetectable plasma HIV RNA load (< 40 copies/mL by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay). The overall seroprevalence rates of HAV, HBsAg, and HCV in HIV-positive MSM were 15.1%, 16.4%, and 5.5%, respectively, while in HIV-negative MSM, they were 7.4%, 6.2%, and 0.4%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age was significantly associated with seropositivity for HAV (OR [per one age group increase]: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.6-2.5), HBsAg (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.6-2.6), anti-HBc (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 2.3-3.2), anti-HCV (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.0-2.7), and anti-HBs (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.0-1.5). HIV infection was associated with seropositivity for HBsAg (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7), anti-HBc (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.8-3.3), HCV (OR: 8.91; 95% CI: 2.5-31.4), and syphilis (OR: 11.21; 95% CI: 6.7-18.9). CONCLUSION HIV-positive MSM have a higher seroprevalence rate of HBV and HCV infection than HIV-negative MSM in Taiwan. Vaccination and safe-sex counseling should be provided to prevent the transmission of hepatitis viruses among MSM who may be engaged in high-risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Tseng
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Azak A, Huddam B, Koçak G, Duranay M. Rare cause of acute hepatitis in a hemodialysis patient: herpes simplex. Ther Apher Dial 2011; 15:593-4. [PMID: 22107697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2011.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Suárez Santisteban MA, García-Bernalt Funes MV, Mora Mora M, Novillo Santano RA, Rangel Hidalgo G, Cebrián C. Varicella zoster virus: complications in an ANCA-positive vasculitis. Nefrologia 2011; 31:616-618. [PMID: 21959737 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2011.jun.10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
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Abu-Aisha H. Infection control in hemodialysis centers. Arab J Nephrol Transplant 2011; 4:7. [PMID: 21469588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Ros Ruiz S, Gutiérrez Vilchez E, García Frías TP, Martín Velázquez TM, Blanca Martos L, Jiménez Salcedo T, Hernández Marrero D. The role of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of ascites. Nefrologia 2011; 31:648-655. [PMID: 22130279 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2011.jun.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis represents a late stage of hepatic fibrosis and leads to high morbidity and mortality, and the most frequent complication is ascites. Only a few patients with advanced cirrhosis have 'refractory ascites' and do not respond to conventional treatment. Repeated paracentesis for evacuation is considered the treatment of choice in these cases. A large proportion of these patients have associated chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Due to the complications associated with liver disease with coagulation disorders and tendencies towards spontaneous hypotension, there are significant problems associated to RRT, especially haemodialysis (HD). On the contrary, peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers several advantages over HD in cirrhotic patients (with or without ascites) thanks to better haemodynamic tolerance, as it is a continuous and slow technique. Furthermore, PD has a low rate of infection and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ros Ruiz
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital Regional Carlos Haya, Playa Park 2, Málaga, Spain.
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Castellino S, Muir A, Shah A, Shope S, McMullen K, Ruble K, Barber A, Davidoff A, Hudson MM. Hepato-biliary late effects in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:663-9. [PMID: 19890896 PMCID: PMC2838980 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Curative therapy for childhood and adolescent cancer translates to 1 in 640 young adults being a survivor of cancer. Although acute hepato-biliary toxicity occurs commonly during pediatric cancer therapy, the impact of antineoplastic therapy on long-term liver health in childhood/adolescent cancer survivors is unknown. This article reviews the medical literature on late liver dysfunction following treatment for childhood/adolescent cancer. We also outline the Children's Oncology Group (COG) guidelines for screening and follow-up of hepato-biliary sequelae. As the population of survivors grow and age, vigilance for risks to hepatic health needs to continue based on specific exposures during curative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Castellino
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC27157, USA.
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Minakata Y, Ueda H, Akamatsu K, Kanda M, Yanagisawa S, Ichikawa T, Koarai A, Hirano T, Sugiura H, Matsunaga K, Ichinose M. High COPD prevalence in patients with liver disease. Intern Med 2010; 49:2687-91. [PMID: 21173543 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been recognized as an important issue in COPD management. We have reported that patients with liver diseases show a higher prevalence of COPD, but the number of patients with liver diseases was small and the details of liver diseases were not clearly investigated. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of COPD in patients with liver diseases by recruiting a large number of patients, and also investigated was the effect of hepatitis virus infection on COPD prevalence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Six hundred sixty-six patients were recruited from 9 primary care clinics and three hospitals. All of these patients were aged 40 years or older with chronic diseases and had not been diagnosed as having respiratory diseases. A spirometry was performed without administration of an inhaled bronchodilator. Airflow limitation was defined as FEV1/FVC<70%. Underlying diseases were diagnosed by doctors of the clinics or the hospitals. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-six patients had liver diseases, and 410 did not. Of 410 patients without liver diseases, 37 patients (9.0%) were diagnosed as COPD, and of 256 patients with liver diseases, 35 patients (13.8%) were COPD. When the prevalence was analyzed according to smoking, age and gender, liver diseases showed a significantly high odds ratio (2.10, 95%CI 1.23-3.57, p=0.006), but hepatitis virus infection showed a non-significant tendency toward a high odds ratio. CONCLUSION The patients with liver diseases had a significantly high prevalence of COPD. The presence of liver disease might become a useful predictor for the early detection of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Minakata
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama
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28
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Wang BY, Fan JG. [A brief report on the third national congress of fatty liver disease and summit forum of Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2010; 18:73-74. [PMID: 20128980 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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29
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Sogni P. [Viral hepatitis. Biological hepatic anomalies in asymptomatic persons]. Rev Prat 2009; 59:1153-1163. [PMID: 19894463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Sogni
- Institut Cochin, université Paris-Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), APHP, hôpital Cochin Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, service d'hépatologie, Inserm U567, Paris, France.
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30
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Lechiche C, Le Moing V, François Perrigault P, Reynes J. Fulminant varicella hepatitis in a human immunodeficiency virus infected patient: Case report and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 38:929-31. [PMID: 17008242 DOI: 10.1080/00365540600561785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 35-y-old HIV-infected female, who presented fulminant varicella hepatitis and recovered under medical treatment. Varicella zoster virus is an uncommon cause of acute liver disease which occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. Acyclovir is the cornerstone of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lechiche
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
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31
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Khammassi N, Chrifi J, Mohsen D, Abdelhedi H, Tougourti MN, Hassen Z, Hamza M. [Fatale post transfusionnel hepatitis CMV of fatal outcome]. Tunis Med 2009; 87:356-358. [PMID: 19927771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is most often asymptomatic, serious forms are confined to immunocompromised. AIM We report a new case of post-transfusionnel hepatitis CMV of fatal outcome. CASE A 83 year old man, asthmatic known for 26 years treated by corticosteroids, without particular hepatic antecedents, has presented an acute hepatitis post-transfusionnel CMV of fatal outcome. CONCLUSION The authors suggest widening the indications of transfusion with the blood without leucocytes to the old persons, fragile and/or whose immunizing status is precarious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Khammassi
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Razi, La Mannouba, Tunis
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32
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Iushchuk ND, Tsyganova EV, Znoĭko OO, Karetkina GN, Solonin SA, Mikhaĭlov MI, Isaguliants MG, Petrova TV, Kashirin VI, Cheshik DS. [Acute hepatitis of unspecified etiology: etiological structure and clinical-laboratory characteristics]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2009:12-18. [PMID: 20469673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The straight line nucleic acids detection method of viruses and wide spectrum of virus antigens immunodiagnostics in acute hepatitis of unknown etiology patients has allowed verifying the diagnosis at 19% cases (a viral hepatitis A, C or E). Results of research do not allow to consider hepatotropic viruses HGV, TTV, PV B19, EBV, CMV, HHV 1, 2, 6 and 8 type, NV-F as etiological agents at the majority of patients of investigated group, and the data of the anamnesis and a clinical and laboratory picture of a current of disease does not allow to exclude at 29.4% of patients a drug-induced hepatitis. Despite detailed molecular-biological and immunological inspection of patients, at 37.9% of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology patients it was not possible to establish a connection with hepatitis and defined etiological factor (the infectious agent).
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33
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Harmsen JAM. [The practice guideline 'Viral hepatitis and other liver diseases' (second revision) from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of general practice]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2008; 152:2656-2657. [PMID: 19137963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This revised practice guideline appears to concern a relatively arbitrarily chosen group of liver diseases. Why not choose for hepatitis alone or for a complete liver practice guideline? The approach to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis does not differ from that of other lifestyle diseases. The elaboration on hepatitis misses the importance of the ethnic risk factor even though there is much literature evidence to support this association. This is not in accordance with the new policy of the Dutch College of General Practitioners to pay more attention to ethnic factors in practice guideline development. Apart from these criticisms, the practice guideline is well structured and well written, notably with respect to the strategy for hepatitis A, B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A M Harmsen
- Erasmus MC-Centrum, Medische Faculteit, Wolphaertsbocht 109, 3082 AG Rotterdam.
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34
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Bane A. Viral hepatitis: epidemiology, treatment, prevention. Ethiop Med J 2008; 46:193-200. [PMID: 21309211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Ethiopia/epidemiology
- Hepatitis Viruses/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/prevention & control
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/therapy
- Humans
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Abate Bane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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35
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Teleman P. [Removal of intrauterine device possible cause of herpes simplex infection. Liver affection and thrombocytopenia in an immunocompetent woman]. Lakartidningen 2008; 105:904-905. [PMID: 18461856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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36
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Steiner I, Aebi C, Ridolfi Lüthy A, Wagner B, Leibundgut K. Fatal adenovirus hepatitis during maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:647-9. [PMID: 17278117 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated adenoviral infection with hepatitis is rare in children undergoing standard chemotherapy. We report on a 3(1/2)-year-old male with fatal adenovirus hepatitis receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Adenoviral hepatitis was proven by histology, viral culture, and PCR in a liver biopsy. Quantitative real-time PCR in the peripheral blood showed adenoviral DNA copy number >10(9)/ml. Despite aggressive supportive care and antiviral treatment with cidofovir, the patient died rapidly due to fulminant liver failure. Diagnostic and treatment options for adenovirus infection remain unsatisfactory for these patients. We propose suggestions for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Steiner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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37
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Liu Z, Tian Y, Wang B, Yan Z, Qian D, Ding S, Song X, Bai Z, Li L. Serum proteomics with SELDI-TOF-MS in congenital human cytomegalovirus hepatitis. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1500-5. [PMID: 17705191 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, the most common congenital viral infection, and the leading cause of infant hepatitis syndrome. In this study, serum samples were collected from 20 HCMV-infected infants with hepatitis and 25 controls. Of the 25 infants in the control group, 5 were infected with HCMV but without hepatitis, 10 had hepatitis but no HCMV infection, and 10 were healthy. Proteomic expression in the serum was detected by WCX2 chips and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), to identify serum protein biomarkers in infants with hepatitis syndrome resulting from HCMV. Fifteen protein peaks were distinctly different among the four groups in the mass range from 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Of these 15 peaks, 4 at 4,349.8, 5,808.7, 7,935.6, and 8,885.9 Da were significantly different between the congenital HCMV-infected infants with hepatitis and the controls. Five peaks were distinctly up-regulated in the infants with HCMV infection (3,266.8, 5,638.5, 5,909.1, 7,771.4, and 15,835.6 Da) compared to those without HCMV infection. Two proteins at 4,600.1 and 5,704.3 were up-regulated in infants with HMCV infection but no hepatitis. Four protein peaks were markedly different (7,567.0, 13,744.8, 15,100.7, and 15,915.0 Da) between the infants with hepatitis and the other controls. Comparison of the differentially expressed proteins' properties with those available on an international database suggest that specific serum proteins such as the augmenter of liver regeneration, pre-albumin, and haptoglobin closely related to liver function, and cytokines such as beta-defensins 31 and 8, and macrophage-derived chemokine, among others, are involved in HMCV infection and the pathogenesis of HMCV-induced hepatitis in infants.
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MESH Headings
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Blood Proteins/chemistry
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines/blood
- Cytochrome Reductases/blood
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital
- Haptoglobins/analysis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/congenital
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/physiopathology
- Humans
- Infant
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Molecular Weight
- Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
- Proteomics
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- beta-Defensins/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Biotechnology of Qingdao, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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38
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39
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Abstract
HIV/AIDS and chemical dependency, the latter often intertwined with mental illness, are complex, overlapping spheres that adversely influence each other and the overall clinical outcomes of the affected individual. Each disorder individually impact tens of millions of people adversely, with explosive epidemics described worldwide. This article addresses the adverse consequences of HIV/AIDS, drug injection, the secondary comorbidities of both, and the impact of immunosuppression on presentation of disease as well as approaches to managing the HIV-infected drug user.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Douglas Bruce
- Yale University AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frederick L. Altice
- Yale University AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 135 College Street, Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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40
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Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in inmunocompetent hosts generally is asymptomatic or may present as a mononucleosis syndrome but rarely can lead to severe organ complications. We report a case of simultaneous hepatic and pericardic CMV infection in a 36-year old immunocompetent man. He was admitted to coronary unit with fever, chest pain radiated to shoulders, changes on electrocardiogram with diffuse ST elevation and modest laboratory elevations in the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) of 33.77 μg/L (0.1-6.73), serum cardiac troponin T of 0.904 ng/mL (0-0.4), creatine kinase of 454 U/L (20-195) and myoglobin of 480.4 μg/L (28-72). Routine laboratory test detected an elevation of aminotransferase level: alanine aminotransferase 1445 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 601 U/L. We ruled out other causes of hepatitis with normal results except IgM CMV. The patient was diagnosed with myopericarditis and hepatitis caused by cytomegalovirus and started symptomatic treatment with salicylic acid. In few days the laboratory findings became normal and the patient was discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Zubiaurre
- Department of Digestive disease, Hospital Donostia, Paseo Beguiristain S/N, 20014 San Sebastián (Gipúzcoa), Spain.
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41
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de Macedo FC, Nicol AF, Cooper LD, Yearsley M, Pires ARC, Nuovo GJ. Histologic, viral, and molecular correlates of dengue fever infection of the liver using highly sensitive immunohistochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 15:223-8. [PMID: 17122650 DOI: 10.1097/01.pdm.0000213462.60645.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the virus associated with dengue fever can cause a fatal hepatitis is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine 9 cases of fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever-associated hepatitis, and to correlate the histologic findings with viral detection and cytokine response. The histologic changes were nonspecific and included massive hepatic necrosis and a pauci-cellular acute hepatitis. Viral cDNA detection by reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the fatal hepatitis was due to infection on average of >90% of hepatocytes and many Kupffer cells. Similar results were obtained using immunohistochemistry for viral protein using an automated highly sensitive system. Immunohistochemical analysis for tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-2, showed rare positive Kupffer cells. In comparison, fatal cases of hepatitis C associated liver failure demonstrated far fewer infected hepatocytes and a concomitant strong up-regulation of many cytokines, notably tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2. It is concluded that fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever is associated with acute, severe liver damage due primarily to massive direct infection of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells with minimal cytokine response. The infection can be readily detected in a few hours using an automated system that has a sensitivity equivalent to reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Carvalho de Macedo
- Department of Pathology-Antônio Pedro University Hospital (Federal Fluminense university), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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42
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Nikushkina IN, Maev IV, Samsonov AA, Andreev NG, Salova LM. [Etiology of chronic diffuse liver damages]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2007:36-164. [PMID: 18389595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic diffuse liver damages have cases of chronic hepatitis associated with alcoholic liver disease being transformed to cirrhosis 2.1 times more often when having mostly equal frequency of chronic damage of viral and alcoholic origin on the stage of chronic hepatitis or in the case of pure viral damage against a background of significant prevalence (3 times) of viral etiology. Infection associated with HCV in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis doesn't significantly influence the course of disease, aftereffects and prognosis of patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Alcoholic/etiology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis
- Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Prevalence
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43
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Il'chenko LI, Iakimchuk GN. [Chronic viral hepatitis: achievements and prospects]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2007:33-9. [PMID: 17539344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
MESH Headings
- Academies and Institutes/history
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Chronic Disease
- Gastroenterology/history
- Hepatitis Viruses/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/history
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Russia
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44
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Czartoski T, Liu C, Koelle DM, Schmechel S, Kalus A, Wald A. Fulminant, acyclovir-resistant, herpes simplex virus type 2 hepatitis in an immunocompetent woman. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1584-6. [PMID: 16597901 PMCID: PMC1448683 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.4.1584-1586.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an immunocompetent woman with multisystem organ failure following herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) hepatitis. After she initially responded to intravenous acyclovir, she was switched to oral valacyclovir. She developed respiratory failure and opportunistic infections and died. Autopsy confirmed disseminated HSV infection, and lung tissue grew acyclovir-resistant HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Czartoski
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, University of Washington, 960 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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45
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Abstract
In immunocompetent patients, primary infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) generally produces mild, self-limited hepatitis. Primary infection by HSV in neonates and pregnant women, and infection by VZV in hematological and bone marrow recipients can cause fulminant hepatitis without characteristic skin lesions. In liver transplant recipients, hepatitis is the most common expression of CMV infection and the related symptoms are indistinguishable from those of acute rejection. Persistent hepatitis is a manifestation of the syndrome of active chronic infection by the EBV. Fulminating hepatitis due to herpes virus can be treated effectively if therapy is started early; hence, a high degree of clinical suspicion and inclusion of herpes virus in the differential diagnosis of this syndrome is necessary.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chickenpox/complications
- Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus/pathogenicity
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Female
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/etiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Herpes Simplex/complications
- Herpesviridae/isolation & purification
- Herpesviridae/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Simplexvirus/isolation & purification
- Simplexvirus/pathogenicity
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46
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Murhekar KM, Murhekar MV, Bharadwaj AP, Singh SS, Manu V, Sehgal SC. Aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Trop Doct 2006; 36:187-8. [PMID: 16884639 DOI: 10.1258/004947506777978082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Naumann UK, Krayenbühl PA, Schulthess G, Käser L, Vetter W. [Infectious mononucleosis (primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2006; 95:525-31; quiz 532. [PMID: 16625990 DOI: 10.1024/0369-8394.95.14.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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48
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Abstract
In the strictest sense, the term "viral hepatitis" includes a series of clinical conditions of infectious origin caused by five phylogenetically unrelated human viruses that have developed specific tropism to hepatocytes. In a broader sense, it also includes acute liver diseases due to infection by other viruses that do not display specific liver tropism, but may produce liver disease as a complication of the infection. Hepatitis B and C viruses have, in addition, developed strategies that allow them to establish long-lasting, chronic infections in some patients. Chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer are the main clinical outcomes of these phenomena of viral persistence, which respond to two main mechanisms: induction of immune tolerance in the host, and emergence and selection of viral mutants that are able to escape the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Echevarría-Mayo
- Servicio de Microbiología Diagnóstica, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Lazrek M, Boitrelle F, Dewilde A, Schanen C, Chopin C, Desreumaux P, Leteurtre E, Hober D. [Fatal fulminant Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2006; 64:170-2. [PMID: 16556529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis is a common and benign disease. Although hepatic cytolysis is common during infectious mononucleosis, fulminant hepatitis is rare. We report an observation of a fatal fulminant hepatitis complicating a primary EBV infection in a 15 year-old male.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazrek
- Service de Virologie/UPRES EA 3610, CHRU de Lille, Université de Lille 2
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50
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Havlir DV, Currier JS. Complications of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy. Top HIV Med 2006; 14:27-35. [PMID: 16641525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As antiretroviral treatment regimens become more potent and easier to administer, differences in the rates of adverse events and complications associated with treatment will increasingly drive decisions regarding the selection of therapy. This year's Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections featured a wide range of research directed toward understanding the pathogenesis, treatment, and long-term consequences of complications associated with HIV infection and the use of antiretroviral therapy in both resource-limited settings and in the developed world. This review will summarize information on complications of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, hepatitis C virus, tuberculosis, and discussion of metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal complications.
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