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Wang J, Pasyk SP, Slavin-Stewart C, Olagunju AT. Barriers to Mental Health care in Canada Identified by Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10488-024-01366-2. [PMID: 38512557 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-024-01366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The mental health treatment gap remains wide across the world despite mental illness being a significant cause of disability globally. Both end-user and healthcare provider perspectives are critical to understanding barriers to mental healthcare and developing interventions. However, the views of providers are relatively understudied. In this review, we synthesized findings from current literature regarding providers' perspectives on barriers to mental healthcare in Canada. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL for eligible Canadian studies published since 2000. Analysis and quality assessment were conducted on the included studies. Of 4,773 reports screened, 29 moderate-high quality studies were reviewed. Five themes of barriers emerged: health systems availability and complexity (reported in 72% of the studies), work conditions (55%), training/education (52%), patient accessibility (41%), and identity-based sensitivity (17%). Common barriers included lack of resources, fragmented services, and gaps in continuing education. Interestingly, clinicians often cited confusion in determining the ideal service for patients due to an overwhelming number of potential services without clear descriptions. These five domains of barriers present a synthesized review of areas of improvement for mental healthcare spanning both patients and clinicians. Canadian mental health systems face a need to improve capacity, clinician training, and in particular service navigability and collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University/St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Stanislav P Pasyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University/St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Claire Slavin-Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University/St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University/St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Schijns OE. Functional hemispheric disconnection procedures for chronic epilepsy: history, indications, techniques, complications and current practice in Europe. A consensus statement on behalf of the EANS functional neurosurgery section. BRAIN & SPINE 2024; 4:102754. [PMID: 38510638 PMCID: PMC10951757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The surgical procedure for severe, drug-resistant, unilateral hemispheric epilepsy is challenging. Over the last decades the surgical landscape for hemispheric disconnection procedures changed from anatomical hemispherectomy to functional hemispherotomy with a reduction of complications and stable good seizure outcome. Here, a task force of European epilepsy surgeons prepared, on behalf of the EANS Section for Functional Neurosurgery, a consensus statement on different aspects of the hemispheric disconnection procedure. Research question To determine history, indication, timing, techniques, complications and current practice in Europe for hemispheric disconnection procedures in drug-resistant epilepsy. Material and methods Relevant literature on the topic was collected by a literature search based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results A comprehensive overview on the historical development of hemispheric disconnection procedures for epilepsy is presented, while discussing indications, timing, surgical techniques and complications. Current practice for this procedure in European epilepsy surgery centers is provided. At present, our knowledge of long-term seizure outcomes primarily stems from open surgical disconnection procedures. Although minimal invasive surgical techniques in epilepsy are rapidly developing and reported in case reports or small case series, long-term seizure outcome remain uncertain and needs to be reported. Discussion and conclusion This is the first paper presenting a European consensus statement regarding history, indications, techniques and complications of hemispheric disconnection procedures for different causes of chronic, drug-resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, it serves as the pioneering document to report a comprehensive overview of the current surgical practices regarding this type of surgery employed in renowned epilepsy surgery centers across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf E.M.G. Schijns
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Vallim JRDS, Lima GS, Pires GN, Tufik S, Demarzo M, D'Almeida V. An Overview of the Methods Used to Measure the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Sleep-Related Outcomes. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e476-e485. [PMID: 38197031 PMCID: PMC10773519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1773789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systematic reviews and metanalyses have shown that mindfulness-based interventions can have positive effects on health, such as reducing anxiety, depression, and chronic pain. However, their effect on sleep-related outcomes is not yet well established. Sleep can be assessed subjectively (questionnaires, sleep logs, self-reporting) and/or objectively (actigraphy, polysomnography, biological markers), and outcomes may differ depending on which type of assessment is used. Objective In this study, we present a literature overview on mindfulness and sleep, innovatively presenting and discussing studies that address sleep subjectively and objectively. Methods The search was undertaken using four databases (Pubmed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Psychinfo) in September 2019, and repeated in May 2021. Studies were analyzed through a two-step process: (1) reading titles and abstracts, and (2) full text analysis that met the review's eligibility criteria, with the final sample comprising 193 articles. We observed a growth in the number of studies published, particularly since 2005. However, this was mostly due to an increase in studies based on subjective research. There is a moderate to nonexistent agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures, with results of subjective measures having higher variability and uncertainty.We identified 151 articles (78%) using an exclusively subjective sleep evaluation, which can cause a misperception about mindfulness effects on sleep. Conclusion Future studies should place greater emphasis on objective measurements to accurately investigate the effects of mindfulness practices on sleep, although subjective measures also have a role to play in respect of some aspects of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Sant'Ana Lima
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Sleep Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Sleep Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bristowe A, Heckert M. How the COVID-19 pandemic changed patterns of green infrastructure use: A scoping review. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2023; 81:127848. [PMID: 36711249 PMCID: PMC9859647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of green infrastructure (GI) has been established as a way to alleviate stress and the COVID-19 pandemic has placed a new emphasis on the importance of GI as both a coping mechanism and a source of recreation. This scoping review seeks to address whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the use of GI, specifically the ways in which the pandemic altered visitation patterns and the frequency of the use of GI. This review identifies studies that explore the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and GI use and assesses whether the pandemic has altered the use of GI, including whether GI use increased, decreased, or remained the same and examines potential changes in visitation structure as well as other effects studied. This review also discusses how future planning for GI can consider the lessons learned from the pandemic. Key findings suggest that GI use increased, as did visitors' appreciation for GI and its benefits. The use of local GI to one's home also increased in importance. Decreases in visitation were typically a result of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions and fear of viral transmission within GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bristowe
- Department of Geography and Planning, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Megan Heckert
- Department of Geography and Planning, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
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Taylor LG, Primucci M, Vanderloo LM, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Leo J, Gilliland J, Tucker P. A scoping Review of Tools to Evaluate Existing Playgrounds for Inclusivity of Children with Disabilities. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1102490. [PMID: 36910877 PMCID: PMC9995607 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Children with disabilities may be unable engage playground spaces due to barriers exacerbating exclusion. Therefore, clarity on how to evaluate existing playgrounds for inclusivity of children with disabilities is required. Methods A scoping review was undertaken to explore auditing tools. Results Fourteen white and grey literature resources were identified. The term "inclusion" was operationalized differently across tools, primarily focusing on physical accessibility. Characteristics of the tools were synthesized into 13 inclusive design recommendations for playgrounds. Two tools showed promise, evaluating 12/13 recommendations. Discussion The results of this review provide guidance on existing tools for evaluating playgrounds for inclusion for community stakeholders and researchers. Systematic Review Registration https://osf.io/rycmj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Taylor
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mara Primucci
- Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,ParticipACTION, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Mental Health and Physical Activity Research Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Leo
- Steadward Centre for Personal and Physical Achievement, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- Child Health and Physical Activity Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lin E, Harris H, Black G, Bellissimo G, Di Giandomenico A, Rodak T, Costa-Dookhan KA, Shier R, Rovet J, Gruszecki S, Soklaridis S. Evaluating recovery colleges: a co-created scoping review. J Ment Health 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36345859 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2140788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery Colleges (RCs) are education-based centres providing information, networking, and skills development for managing mental health, well-being, and daily living. A central principle is co-creation involving people with lived experience of mental health/illness and/or addictions (MHA). Identified gaps are RCs evaluations and information about whether such evaluations are co-created. AIMS We describe a co-created scoping review of how RCs are evaluated in the published and grey literature. Also assessed were: the frameworks, designs, and analyses used; the themes/outcomes reported; the trustworthiness of the evidence; and whether the evaluations are co-created. METHODS We followed Arksey and O'Malley's methodology with one important modification: "Consultation" was re-conceptualised as "co-creator engagement" and was the first, foundational step rather than the last, optional one. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of the 43 included evaluations were peer-reviewed, 21% grey literature. These evaluations represented 33 RCs located in the UK (58%), Australia (15%), Canada (9%), Ireland (9%), the USA (6%), and Italy (3%). CONCLUSION Our findings depict a developing field that is exploring a mix of evaluative approaches. However, few evaluations appeared to be co-created. Although most studies referenced co-design/co-production, few described how much or how meaningfully people with lived experience were involved in the evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lin
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Holly Harris
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Canada
| | - Georgia Black
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gail Bellissimo
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Terri Rodak
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Rowen Shier
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordana Rovet
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sam Gruszecki
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sophie Soklaridis
- Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Gregory EF, Maddox AI, Levine LD, Fiks AG, Lorch SA, Resnicow K. Motivational interviewing to promote interconception health: A scoping review of evidence from clinical trials. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:3204-3212. [PMID: 35870992 PMCID: PMC9529865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting interconception health can improve birth outcomes and long-term women's health. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based behavior change strategy that can address interconception health behaviors and health care engagement. OBJECTIVE This scoping review assessed the evidence for using MI to promote interconception health and assessed features of successful MI interventions. METHODS We searched PubMed, CHINAL, and Cochrane databases for clinical trials that involved an MI intervention and at least one comparison group published by 8/31/2021. Interventions occurred during pregnancy or within three months postpartum and outcomes were measured between birth and one year postpartum. We abstracted data on trial characteristics including outcome, population, interventionist training, MI fidelity monitoring, intervention dose, and comparison condition. We examined whether trials that demonstrated statistically significant improvement in outcomes had common features. RESULTS There were 37 included studies. Interventions addressed breastfeeding, teen contraception, tobacco, alcohol, or substance use, vaccine acceptance, nutrition, physical activity, and depression. No trials addressed more than one topic. Nineteen studies demonstrated improved outcomes. Interventions during the perinatal or postnatal periods were more likely to demonstrate improved interconception outcomes than interventions in the prenatal period. No other trial characteristics were consistently associated with demonstrating improved outcomes. DISCUSSION MI has been applied to a variety of interconception health behaviors, with some promising results, particularly for interventions in the perinatal or postpartum period. Outcomes were not clearly attributable to any other differences in intervention or study design. Further exploring context or implementation may help maximize the potential of MI in interconception health promotion. PRACTICAL VALUE MI may be implemented across a range of clinical settings, patient groups, and time points around pregnancy. Interventions on health topics relevant to the interconception period should incorporate perinatal or postpartum components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Gregory
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Adya I Maddox
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Lisa D Levine
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Scott A Lorch
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kenneth Resnicow
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Prado-Nóvoa O, Rodríguez J, Zorrilla-Revilla G, Vidal-Cordasco M, Mateos A. Evaluating the human capacity of carrying loads without costs: A scoping review of the Free-Ride phenomenon. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23794. [PMID: 36056617 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several researchers have obtained discordant results testing the human capability to transport loads without added locomotion costs. Carrying loads has an extended relevance to human ecology, thus a review of the Free-Ride phenomenon detection according to the existing literature is needed. METHOD A search was made in November 2021 in SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify studies comparing the energy expenditure of loaded and unloaded locomotion. Descriptive percentages were calculated with the data obtained from each study, and a Chi-squared (χ2 ) independency test and a contingency table were applied to observe the relationship between sample characteristics, experimental procedures, and the detection of the Free-Ride. RESULTS A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eighty two percent do not detect the Free-Ride phenomenon. The general detection is independent of sex, experience, load position, load size, and speed (p value >.05) although the papers detecting the Free-Ride have some common characteristics. CONCLUSION The literature does not support a Free-Ride capacity, but future research testing this phenomenon should consider the load size, the load position, the level of expertise, or the speed. As the Free-Ride is not generalizable, it can be hypothesized that other mechanisms may have emerged during human evolution to buffer the energetic demands of load carrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Prado-Nóvoa
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jesús Rodríguez
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Marco Vidal-Cordasco
- EvoAdapta Research group, Department of Historical Sciences, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Mateos
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
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Food Security Challenges and Options in the Caribbean: Insights from a Scoping Review. ANTHROPOCENE SCIENCE 2022. [PMCID: PMC8771656 DOI: 10.1007/s44177-021-00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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