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Devaux M, Aldea A, Lerouge A, Vuik S, Cecchini M. Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13719. [PMID: 38326224 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews the effectiveness of four types of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) in influencing calorie purchases. The four FoPL types are poised for unified implementation across European countries. Further, this study extends its analysis to evaluate the impacts of the voluntary adoption of these FoPLs within 27 EU nations. Nutri-Score displays higher potential for yielding positive health and economic outcomes, compared with other FoPLs. Across EU countries, Nutri-Score is projected to avert nearly two million cases of non-communicable diseases, in total, between 2023 and 2050. Keyhole demonstrates effects of a similar magnitude but with no statistical significance. Nutri-Repere shows smaller impacts, while Nutri-Couleurs has non-significant effects. Nutri-Score is projected to significantly lower annual healthcare spending by 0.05%, whereas the other labels have negligible impacts. By reducing cases of disease, FoPLs have the potential to improve employment and work productivity. Nutri-Score surpasses the other labels with an estimated annual gain of 10.6 full-time equivalent workers per 100,000 individuals of working age across EU countries. In all, mandatory implementation of any of the four labels would lead to greater effects than those obtained with a voluntary implementation, providing evidence to inform legislation proposal for an EU-wide nutrition labelling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Devaux
- Health Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aldea
- Health Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD, Paris, France
| | - Aliénor Lerouge
- Health Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Vuik
- Health Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD, Paris, France
| | - Michele Cecchini
- Health Division, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD, Paris, France
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2
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Lange O. Health economic evaluation of preventive digital public health interventions using decision-analytic modelling: a systematized review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 36932436 PMCID: PMC10024449 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital public health (DiPH) provides novel approaches for prevention, potentially leading to long-term health benefits in resource-limited health systems. However, cost-effectiveness of DiPH interventions is unclear. This systematized review investigates the use of decision-analytic modelling in health economic evaluations of DiPH primary prevention and health promotion interventions, focusing on intervention's design, methods used, results, and reporting quality. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for studies of decision-analytic economic evaluations of digital interventions in primary prevention or health promotion, published up to June 2022. Intervention characteristics and selected items were extracted based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were then extracted and price-adjusted to compare the economic evaluation results. Finally, the included studies' reporting quality was assessed by building a score using CHEERS. RESULTS The database search (including search update) produced 2,273 hits. After removing duplicates, 1,434 titles and abstracts were screened. Of the 89 studies meeting the full-text search criteria, 14 were ultimately reviewed. The most common targets were physical activity (five studies) and weight loss (four). Digital applications include text messages, web-based inventions, app-based interventions, e-learning devices, and the promotion of smartphone apps. The mean ICER of the 12 studies using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) is €20,955 per QALY (min. - €3,949; max. €114,211). The mean of reported CHEERS items per study is 81% (min. 59%; max. 91%). CONCLUSIONS This review only includes primary prevention and health promotion, and thus excludes other DiPH fields (e.g. secondary prevention). It also focuses on decision-analytic models, excluding study-based economic evaluations. Standard methods of economic evaluation could be adapted more to the specifics of DiPH by measuring the effectiveness of more current technologies through alternative methods, incorporating a societal perspective, and more clearly defining comparators. Nevertheless, the review demonstrates using common thresholds that the new field of DiPH shows potential for cost-effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lange
- Department of Health Care Management, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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3
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Biagini A, Bastiani L, Sebastiani L. The impact of physical activity on the quality of life of a sample of Italian people with physical disability. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:884074. [PMID: 36311218 PMCID: PMC9606392 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.884074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes psychophysical health; however, to date, only few studies have investigated the association between regular physical activity and the quality-of-life perception and satisfaction in disabled persons. Our aim was to compare the quality and satisfaction for life, self-efficacy, and personal wellbeing of two samples of Italian people with physical disability (amputation, spinal cord dysfunction, neurological disability): one group with people who practiced regular physical activity (active group, n = 33) and the other group consisting of sedentary individuals (inactive group, n = 26). We compared the mean scores of the groups in the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-BRIEF), the Personal Wellbeing Index, and the Satisfaction With Life and General Self-Efficacy scales. We also compared the impact of rehabilitation, sport, family support, income, job/school, and raising a family on social life and life quality by means of separate MANOVAs. Results of the WHOQoL showed better quality of life in the active than in the inactive group (overall QOL, 4.09 ± 0.7 vs. 3.50 ± 0.9; psychological domain, 72.09 ± 12.7 vs. 62 ± 21.6; social relationships domain, 76.54 ± 16.4 vs. 59.52 ± 24.2). No difference was found for satisfaction with health and life, personal wellbeing, and self-efficacy. The impact of sport on social life and quality of life was greater in active than in inactive individuals. Findings suggest positive effects of physical activity on the perception of quality of life in disabled people. However, they do not allow disentangling whether physical activity is practiced by patients with good quality of life or whether physical activity is responsible for better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Biagini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bastiani
- Epidemiology and Health Research Laboratory, National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Laura Sebastiani
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4
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Pinheiro MB, Howard K, Sherrington C, Bauman A, Costa N, Smith BJ, Bellew W, Ding D, Tiedemann A, Wang B, Santos AC, Bull F, Willumsen J, Albuquerque BS, Lunar FR, Bapat V, Norris SK. Economic evaluation of physical activity mass media campaigns across the globe: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:107. [PMID: 36028860 PMCID: PMC9419405 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity mass media campaigns can deliver physical activity messages to many people, but it remains unclear whether they offer good value for money. We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and costs of physical activity mass media campaigns. Methods A search for economic evaluations (trial- or model-based) and costing studies of physical activity mass media campaigns was performed in six electronic databases (June/2021). The authors reviewed studies independently. A GRADE style rating was used to assess the overall certainty of each modelled economic evaluation. Results were summarised via narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-five studies (five model-based economic evaluations and 20 costing studies) were included, and all were conducted in high-income countries except for one costing study that was conducted in a middle-income country. The methods and assumptions used in the model-based analyses were highly heterogeneous and the results varied, ranging from the intervention being more effective and less costly (dominant) in two models to an incremental cost of US$130,740 (2020 base year) per QALY gained. The level of certainty of the models ranged from very low (n = 2) to low (n = 3). Overall, intervention costs were poorly reported. Conclusions There are few economic evaluations of physical activity mass media campaigns available. The level of certainty of the models was judged to be very low to low, indicating that we have very little to little confidence that the results are reliable for decision making. Therefore, it remains unclear to what extent physical activity mass media campaigns offer good value for money. Future economic evaluations should consider selecting appropriate and comprehensive measures of campaign effectiveness, clearly report the assumptions of the models and fully explore the impact of assumptions in the results. Review registration https://bit.ly/3tKSBZ3 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01340-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Pinheiro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia. .,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Cathie Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathalia Costa
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Bellew
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Wang
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreia C Santos
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Bull
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juana Willumsen
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruna S Albuquerque
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frances Rom Lunar
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Medical Professions, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Vishwesh Bapat
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, King George V Building (Level 10N), Missenden Road, Camperdown, 2050, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah K Norris
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Camperdown, Australia
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5
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Ortolan S, Neunhaeuserer D, Quinto G, Barra B, Centanini A, Battista F, Vecchiato M, De Marchi V, Celidoni M, Rebba V, Ermolao A. Potential Cost Savings for the Healthcare System by Physical Activity in Different Chronic Diseases: A Pilot Study in the Veneto Region of Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127375. [PMID: 35742622 PMCID: PMC9224390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical inactivity (PI) are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and a significant economic burden. This pilot study aims to estimate the possible cost savings for the Veneto Regional Health Service (Italy) due to a population-based physical activity (PA) intervention. Methods: The PA-related cost-savings were assessed for four chronic diseases in the whole and sedentary populations of the Veneto region. The SB and PA epidemiological data, regarding an additional percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease, hospitalizations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgery for colorectal cancer, and femur fracture, were obtained from national and regional administrative sources. A relative risk reduction, due to PA, was obtained from the recent literature. The annual healthcare costs were estimated using the regional diagnosis-related group tariffs. Results: The annual estimated cost-savings for the regional healthcare service related to these four outcomes: an amount between EUR 5,310,179 (if a conservative analysis was performed) and EUR 17,411,317. Conclusion: By a downward estimate, regarding the direct healthcare costs, PA interventions could lead to important cost-savings in the Veneto region. The savings would be greater when considering the cross-sectional impact on other healthcare costs, comorbidities, and indirect costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortolan
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhaeuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8217456
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Barra
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Anna Centanini
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina De Marchi
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Martina Celidoni
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Vincenzo Rebba
- Department of Economics and Management “Marco Fanno”, University of Padova, Via Bassi 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.D.M.); (M.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (S.O.); (G.Q.); (B.B.); (A.C.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (A.E.)
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Gąska I, Sygit K, Cipora E, Sygit M, Pacian A, Surmach M, Kaleta D, Rzeźnicki A. Assessment of the Health Behaviours and Value-Based Health Analysis of People Aged 50+ Who Were Hospitalized Due to Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084221. [PMID: 33923460 PMCID: PMC8074081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The basic determinant of healthy behaviour—among other human behaviours—is the fact that it consistently affects health. Nowadays, health behaviour studies are considered to be an important method of measuring the health of a population. Objective: To assess the health behaviours and value-based health analysis of people aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease, depending on the selected descriptive variables. Materials and methods: The study was conducted between April 2018 and December 2018 among 411 subjects aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease at the Independent Public Health Care Unit in Sanok (Podkarpackie voivodship in Poland). The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey. The study used the authors’ survey questionnaire and two standardized tests: Inventory of Health-Related Behaviour (IHB) and List of Health Criteria (LHC). A statistical analysis was carried out in the R program, version 3.5.1. The obtained results were subjected to thorough statistical analysis using the following tests: Student’s t, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD), Pearson, and Spearman. Results: The strongest correlation between health status and health behaviours (according to the IHB questionnaire) was in the area of ‘health practices’, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. Based on the LHC questionnaire, the most important health criteria according to the subjects were ‘not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. A positive correlation was found in the group of respondents where the ‘preventive health behaviours’ were more intense; herein, the more important criterion for the respondents was ‘eating properly’. Conclusions: Respondents aged 50+ and hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases indicated (based on the IHB questionnaire) that health behaviours in the area of ‘health practices’ had the strongest correlation with their health, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. According to the respondents, the most important criteria determining health (according to the LHC questionnaire) included ’not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. Based on the information collected from the respondents, it was found that the most important criteria determining health depended on selected descriptive variables, such as age, gender, place of residence, education, and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gąska
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elżbieta Cipora
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marian Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pacian
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maryna Surmach
- Head of the Department of Public Health and Health Services, Grodno State Medical University, 230009 Grodno, Belarus;
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Rzeźnicki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
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7
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Naureen Z, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Zulian A, Romanelli R, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the prescription of diets in support of physical activity. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020011. [PMID: 33170161 PMCID: PMC8023120 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fields of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics today we can think of devising approaches to optimize health, delay onset of diseases and reduce its severity according to our genetic blue print. However this requires a deep understanding of nutritional impact on expression of genes that may result in a specific phenotype. The extensive research and observational studies during last two decades reporting interactions between genes, diet and physical activity suggest a cross talk between various genetic and environmental factors and lifestyle interventions. Although considerable efforts have been made in unraveling the mechanisms of gene-diet interactions the scientific evidences behind developing commercial genetic tests for providing personalized nutrition recommendations are still scarce. In this scenario the current mini-review aims to provide useful insights into salient feature of nutrition based genetic research and its commercial application and the ethical issue and concerns related to its outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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