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Mašek J, Andersson ER. Jagged-mediated development and disease: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications for Alagille syndrome. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102302. [PMID: 38194749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Notch signaling controls multiple aspects of embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Alagille syndrome is usually caused by a single mutation in the jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 (JAG1), and manifests with liver disease and cardiovascular symptoms that are a direct consequence of JAG1 haploinsufficiency. Recent insights into Jag1/Notch-controlled developmental and homeostatic processes explain how pathology develops in the hepatic and cardiovascular systems and, together with recent elucidation of mechanisms modulating liver regeneration, provide a basis for therapeutic efforts. Importantly, disease presentation can be regulated by genetic modifiers, that may also be therapeutically leverageable. Here, we summarize recent insights into how Jag1 controls processes of relevance to Alagille syndrome, focused on Jag1/Notch functions in hepatic and cardiovascular development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mašek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. https://twitter.com/JanMasekLab
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Dept of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Iqbal A, Van Hul N, Belicova L, Corbat AA, Hankeova S, Andersson ER. Spatially segregated defects and IGF1-responsiveness of hilar and peripheral biliary organoids from a model of Alagille syndrome. Liver Int 2024; 44:541-558. [PMID: 38014627 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alagille syndrome (ALGS) manifests with peripheral intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) paucity, which can spontaneously resolve. In a model for ALGS, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, this occurs with distinct architectural mechanisms in hilar and peripheral IHBDs. Here, we investigated region-specific IHBD characteristics and addressed whether IGF1, a cholangiocyte mitogen that is downregulated in ALGS and in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, can improve biliary outcomes. METHODS Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were derived from hilar and peripheral adult Jag1+/+ and Jag1Ndr/Ndr livers (hICOs and pICOs, respectively). ICOs were grown in Matrigel or microwell arrays, and characterized using bulk RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and high throughput analyses of nuclear sizes. ICOs were treated with IGF1, followed by analyses of growth, proliferation, and death. CellProfiler and Python scripts were custom written for image analyses. Key results were validated in vivo by immunostaining. RESULTS Cell growth assays and transcriptomics demonstrated that Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs were less proliferative than Jag1+/+ ICOs. IGF1 specifically rescued survival and growth of Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs. Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs were the least proliferative, with lower Notch signalling and an enrichment of hepatocyte signatures and IGF uptake/transport pathways. In vitro (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs) and in vivo (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hilar portal tracts) analyses revealed ectopic HNF4a+ hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Hilar and peripheral Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs exhibit differences in Notch signalling status, proliferation, and cholangiocyte commitment which may result in cholangiocyte-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation. While Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs can be rescued by IGF1, hICOs are unresponsive, perhaps due to their hepatocyte-like state and/or expression of IGF transport components. IGF1 represents a potential therapeutic for peripheral bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Iqbal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Van Hul
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenka Belicova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agustin A Corbat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simona Hankeova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gannoun L, De Schrevel C, Belle M, Dauguet N, Achouri Y, Loriot A, Vanderaa C, Cordi S, Dili A, Heremans Y, Rooman I, Leclercq IA, Jacquemin P, Gatto L, Lemaigre FP. Axon guidance genes control hepatic artery development. Development 2023; 150:dev201642. [PMID: 37497580 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Earlier data on liver development demonstrated that morphogenesis of the bile duct, portal mesenchyme and hepatic artery is interdependent, yet how this interdependency is orchestrated remains unknown. Here, using 2D and 3D imaging, we first describe how portal mesenchymal cells become organised to form hepatic arteries. Next, we examined intercellular signalling active during portal area development and found that axon guidance genes are dynamically expressed in developing bile ducts and portal mesenchyme. Using tissue-specific gene inactivation in mice, we show that the repulsive guidance molecule BMP co-receptor A (RGMA)/neogenin (NEO1) receptor/ligand pair is dispensable for portal area development, but that deficient roundabout 2 (ROBO2)/SLIT2 signalling in the portal mesenchyme causes reduced maturation of the vascular smooth muscle cells that form the tunica media of the hepatic artery. This arterial anomaly does not impact liver function in homeostatic conditions, but is associated with significant tissular damage following partial hepatectomy. In conclusion, our work identifies new players in development of the liver vasculature in health and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Gannoun
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Catalina De Schrevel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Morgane Belle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Department of Development, Rue Moreau 17, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- Flow cytometry CYTF platform, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgene Technology Platform TRSG, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Belgium 1200
| | - Axelle Loriot
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vanderaa
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Sabine Cordi
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Dili
- HPB Surgery Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Mont-Godinne, Avenue du Dr. Thérasse 1, Yvoir 5530, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Visual & Spatial Tissue Analysis (VSTA) core facility, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gatto
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Frédéric P Lemaigre
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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Hankeova S, Van Hul N, Laznovsky J, Verboven E, Mangold K, Hensens N, Adori C, Verhoef E, Zikmund T, Dawit F, Kavkova M, Salplachta J, Sjöqvist M, Johansson BR, Hassan MG, Fredriksson L, Baumgärtel K, Bryja V, Lendahl U, Jheon A, Alten F, Fahnehjelm KT, Fischler B, Kaiser J, Andersson ER. Sex differences and risk factors for bleeding in Alagille syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15809. [PMID: 36345711 PMCID: PMC9728057 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous bleeds are a leading cause of death in the pediatric JAG1-related liver disease Alagille syndrome (ALGS). We asked whether there are sex differences in bleeding events in patients, whether Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice display bleeds or vascular defects, and whether discovered vascular pathology can be confirmed in patients non-invasively. We performed a systematic review of patients with ALGS and vascular events following PRISMA guidelines, in the context of patient sex, and found significantly more girls than boys reported with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. We investigated vascular development, homeostasis, and bleeding in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, using retina as a model. Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice displayed sporadic brain bleeds, a thin skull, tortuous blood vessels, sparse arterial smooth muscle cell coverage in multiple organs, which could be aggravated by hypertension, and sex-specific venous defects. Importantly, we demonstrated that retinographs from patients display similar characteristics with significantly increased vascular tortuosity. In conclusion, there are clinically important sex differences in vascular disease in ALGS, and retinography allows non-invasive vascular analysis in patients. Finally, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice represent a new model for vascular compromise in ALGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Hankeova
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Noemi Van Hul
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jakub Laznovsky
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Elisabeth Verboven
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katrin Mangold
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Naomi Hensens
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,University of Applied Sciences UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Elvira Verhoef
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,University of Applied Sciences UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Feven Dawit
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalHuddingeSweden
| | - Michaela Kavkova
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Salplachta
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- EM Unit, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mohamed G Hassan
- University of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA,Department of OrthodonticsFaculty of DentistryAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Florian Alten
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Muenster Medical CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Kristina Teär Fahnehjelm
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, Electrophysiology and Ocular Oncology, St. Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Fischler
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalHuddingeSweden
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Andersson ER. Outside influence: The extrahepatic duct as a source for bile duct regeneration. Hepatology 2022; 75:505-507. [PMID: 35006621 PMCID: PMC9305096 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Lendahl U, Lui VCH, Chung PHY, Tam PKH. Biliary Atresia - emerging diagnostic and therapy opportunities. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103689. [PMID: 34781099 PMCID: PMC8604670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary Atresia is a devastating pediatric cholangiopathy affecting the bile ducts of the liver. In this review, we describe recent progress in the understanding of liver development with a focus on cholangiocyte differentiation and how use of technical platforms, including rodent, zebrafish and organoid models, advances our understanding of Biliary Atresia. This is followed by a description of potential pathomechanisms, such as autoimmune responses, inflammation, disturbed apical-basal cell polarity, primary cilia dysfunction as well as beta-amyloid accumulation. Finally, we describe current and emerging diagnostic opportunities and recent translation breakthroughs for Biliary Atresia in the area of emerging therapy development, including immunomodulation and organoid-based systems for liver and bile duct repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Vincent C H Lui
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick H Y Chung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul K H Tam
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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