1
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Chen Y, McDonald JA. Collective cell migration relies on PPP1R15-mediated regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1390-1402.e4. [PMID: 38428416 PMCID: PMC11003853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is integral to many developmental and disease processes. Previously, we discovered that protein phosphatase 1 (Pp1) promotes border cell collective migration in the Drosophila ovary. We now report that the Pp1 phosphatase regulatory subunit dPPP1R15 is a critical regulator of border cell migration. dPPP1R15 is an ortholog of mammalian PPP1R15 proteins that attenuate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We show that, in collectively migrating border cells, dPPP1R15 phosphatase restrains an active physiological protein kinase R-like ER kinase- (PERK)-eIF2α-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) stress pathway. RNAi knockdown of dPPP1R15 blocks border cell delamination from the epithelium and subsequent migration, increases eIF2α phosphorylation, reduces translation, and drives expression of the stress response transcription factor ATF4. We observe similar defects upon overexpression of ATF4 or the eIF2α kinase PERK. Furthermore, we show that normal border cells express markers of the PERK-dependent ER stress response and require PERK and ATF4 for efficient migration. In many other cell types, unresolved ER stress induces initiation of apoptosis. In contrast, border cells with chronic RNAi knockdown of dPPP1R15 survive. Together, our results demonstrate that the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, regulated by dPPP1R15 activity, counteracts the physiological ER stress that occurs during collective border cell migration. We propose that in vivo collective cell migration is intrinsically "stressful," requiring tight homeostatic control of the ER stress response for collective cell cohesion, dynamics, and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Chen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jocelyn A McDonald
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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2
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Ryoo HD. The integrated stress response in metabolic adaptation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107151. [PMID: 38462161 PMCID: PMC10998230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) refers to signaling pathways initiated by stress-activated eIF2α kinases. Distinct eIF2α kinases respond to different stress signals, including amino acid deprivation and mitochondrial stress. Such stress-induced eIF2α phosphorylation attenuates general mRNA translation and, at the same time, stimulates the preferential translation of specific downstream factors to orchestrate an adaptive gene expression program. In recent years, there have been significant new advances in our understanding of ISR during metabolic stress adaptation. Here, I discuss those advances, reviewing among others the ISR activation mechanisms in response to amino acid deprivation and mitochondrial stress. In addition, I review how ISR regulates the amino acid metabolic pathways and how changes in the ISR impact the physiology and pathology of various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Don Ryoo
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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3
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Paul PK, Umarvaish S, Bajaj S, S. RF, Mohan H, Annaert W, Chaudhary V. Maintenance of proteostasis by Drosophila Rer1 is essential for competitive cell survival and Myc-driven overgrowth. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011171. [PMID: 38408084 PMCID: PMC10919865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein homeostasis can induce proteotoxic stress, affecting cellular fitness and, consequently, overall tissue health. In various growing tissues, cell competition based mechanisms facilitate detection and elimination of these compromised, often referred to as 'loser', cells by the healthier neighbors. The precise connection between proteotoxic stress and competitive cell survival remains largely elusive. Here, we reveal the function of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi localized protein Rer1 in the regulation of protein homeostasis in the developing Drosophila wing epithelium. Our results show that loss of Rer1 leads to proteotoxic stress and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. Clonal analysis showed that rer1 mutant cells are identified as losers and eliminated through cell competition. Interestingly, we find that Rer1 levels are upregulated upon Myc-overexpression that causes overgrowth, albeit under high proteotoxic stress. Our results suggest that increased levels of Rer1 provide cytoprotection to Myc-overexpressing cells by alleviating the proteotoxic stress and thereby supporting Myc-driven overgrowth. In summary, these observations demonstrate that Rer1 acts as a novel regulator of proteostasis in Drosophila and reveal its role in competitive cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Kumar Paul
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Umarvaish
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Bajaj
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rishana Farin S.
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hrudya Mohan
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Varun Chaudhary
- Cell and developmental signaling laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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4
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Nagata R, Igaki T. Cell competition: emerging signaling and unsolved questions. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:379-389. [PMID: 38351618 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular communities have an intrinsic mechanism that optimizes their structure and function via cell-cell communication. One of the driving forces for such self-organization of the multicellular system is cell competition, the elimination of viable unfit or deleterious cells via cell-cell interaction. Studies in Drosophila and mammals have identified multiple mechanisms of cell competition caused by different types of mutations or cellular changes. Intriguingly, recent studies have found that different types of "losers" of cell competition commonly show reduced protein synthesis. In Drosophila, the reduction in protein synthesis levels in loser cells is caused by phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α via a bZip transcription factor Xrp1. Given that a variety of cellular stresses converge on eIF2α phosphorylation and thus global inhibition of protein synthesis, cell competition may be a machinery that optimizes multicellular fitness by removing stressed cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss emerging signaling mechanisms and critical unsolved questions, as well as the role of protein synthesis in cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nagata
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
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5
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Kiparaki M, Baker NE. Protocol for assessing translation in living Drosophila imaginal discs by O-propargyl-puromycin incorporation. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102653. [PMID: 37862174 PMCID: PMC10616417 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation is a fundamental process of cellular behavior. Here, we present a protocol for measuring translation in Drosophila epithelial tissues using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP), a puromycin derivative. We detail steps for larval dissection, OPP incorporation, fixation, OPP labeling, immunostaining, and imaging. We also provide details of quantification analysis. Significantly, OPP addition to methionine-containing media enables polypeptide labeling in living cells. Here, we study wing imaginal discs, an excellent model system for investigating growth, proliferation, pattern formation, differentiation, and cell death. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lee et al. (2018), Ji et al. (2019), and Kiparaki et al. (2022).1,2,3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Kiparaki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672 Vari, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Opthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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6
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Xue M, Cong F, Zheng W, Xu R, Liu X, Bao H, Sung YY, Xi Y, He F, Ma J, Yang X, Ge W. Loss of Paip1 causes translation reduction and induces apoptotic cell death through ISR activation and Xrp1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:288. [PMID: 37543696 PMCID: PMC10404277 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein translation initiation is tightly associated with cell growth and survival. Here, we identify Paip1, the Drosophila homolog of the translation initiation factor PAIP1, and analyze its role during development. Through genetic analysis, we find that loss of Paip1 causes reduced protein translation and pupal lethality. Furthermore, tissue specific knockdown of Paip1 results in apoptotic cell death in the wing imaginal disc. Paip1 depletion leads to increased proteotoxic stress and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Paip1 promotes phosphorylation of eIF2α via the kinase PERK, leading to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Paip1 depletion upregulates the transcription factor gene Xrp1, which contributes to apoptotic cell death and eIF2α phosphorylation. We further show that loss of Paip1 leads to an increase in Xrp1 translation mediated by its 5'UTR. These findings uncover a novel mechanism that links translation impairment to tissue homeostasis and establish a role of ISR activation and Xrp1 in promoting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoguang Xue
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wanling Zheng
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ruoqing Xu
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongcun Bao
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ying Ying Sung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Feng He
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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7
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Kiparaki M, Baker NE. Ribosomal protein mutations and cell competition: autonomous and nonautonomous effects on a stress response. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad080. [PMID: 37267156 PMCID: PMC10691752 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (Rps) are essential for viability. Genetic mutations affecting Rp genes were first discovered in Drosophila, where they represent a major class of haploinsufficient mutations. One mutant copy gives rise to the dominant "Minute" phenotype, characterized by slow growth and small, thin bristles. Wild-type (WT) and Minute cells compete in mosaics, that is, Rp+/- are preferentially lost when their neighbors are of the wild-type genotype. Many features of Rp gene haploinsufficiency (i.e. Rp+/- phenotypes) are mediated by a transcriptional program. In Drosophila, reduced translation and slow growth are under the control of Xrp1, a bZip-domain transcription factor induced in Rp mutant cells that leads ultimately to the phosphorylation of eIF2α and consequently inhibition of most translation. Rp mutant phenotypes are also mediated transcriptionally in yeast and in mammals. In mammals, the Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Checkpoint activates p53. Recent findings link Rp mutant phenotypes to other cellular stresses, including the DNA damage response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We suggest that cell competition results from nonautonomous inputs to stress responses, bringing decisions between adaptive and apoptotic outcomes under the influence of nearby cells. In Drosophila, cell competition eliminates aneuploid cells in which loss of chromosome leads to Rp gene haploinsufficiency. The effects of Rp gene mutations on the whole organism, in Minute flies or in humans with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, may be inevitable consequences of pathways that are useful in eliminating individual cells from mosaics. Alternatively, apparently deleterious whole organism phenotypes might be adaptive, preventing even more detrimental outcomes. In mammals, for example, p53 activation appears to suppress oncogenic effects of Rp gene haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Kiparaki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Visual Sciences and Ophthalmology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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8
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Baumgartner ME, Langton PF, Logeay R, Mastrogiannopoulos A, Nilsson-Takeuchi A, Kucinski I, Lavalou J, Piddini E. The PECAn image and statistical analysis pipeline identifies Minute cell competition genes and features. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2686. [PMID: 37164982 PMCID: PMC10172353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating organ biology often requires methodologies to induce genetically distinct clones within a living tissue. However, the 3D nature of clones makes sample image analysis challenging and slow, limiting the amount of information that can be extracted manually. Here we develop PECAn, a pipeline for image processing and statistical data analysis of complex multi-genotype 3D images. PECAn includes data handling, machine-learning-enabled segmentation, multivariant statistical analysis, and graph generation. This enables researchers to perform rigorous analyses rapidly and at scale, without requiring programming skills. We demonstrate the power of this pipeline by applying it to the study of Minute cell competition. We find an unappreciated sexual dimorphism in Minute cell growth in competing wing discs and identify, by statistical regression analysis, tissue parameters that model and correlate with competitive death. Furthermore, using PECAn, we identify several genes with a role in cell competition by conducting an RNAi-based screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baumgartner
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Paul F Langton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Remi Logeay
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alex Mastrogiannopoulos
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anna Nilsson-Takeuchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jules Lavalou
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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9
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Yusupova M, Fuchs Y. To not love thy neighbor: mechanisms of cell competition in stem cells and beyond. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:979-991. [PMID: 36813919 PMCID: PMC10070350 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell competition describes the process in which cells of greater fitness are capable of sensing and instructing elimination of lesser fit mutant cells. Since its discovery in Drosophila, cell competition has been established as a critical regulator of organismal development, homeostasis, and disease progression. It is therefore unsurprising that stem cells (SCs), which are central to these processes, harness cell competition to remove aberrant cells and preserve tissue integrity. Here, we describe pioneering studies of cell competition across a variety of cellular contexts and organisms, with the ultimate goal of better understanding competition in mammalian SCs. Furthermore, we explore the modes through which SC competition takes place and how this facilitates normal cellular function or contributes to pathological states. Finally, we discuss how understanding of this critical phenomenon will enable targeting of SC-driven processes, including regeneration and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Augmanity, Rehovot, Israel.
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10
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Abstract
Although differential transcription drives the development of multicellular organisms, the ultimate readout of a protein-coding gene is ribosome-dependent mRNA translation. Ribosomes were once thought of as uniform molecular machines, but emerging evidence indicates that the complexity and diversity of ribosome biogenesis and function should be given a fresh look in the context of development. This Review begins with a discussion of different developmental disorders that have been linked with perturbations in ribosome production and function. We then highlight recent studies that reveal how different cells and tissues exhibit variable levels of ribosome production and protein synthesis, and how changes in protein synthesis capacity can influence specific cell fate decisions. We finish by touching upon ribosome heterogeneity in stress responses and development. These discussions highlight the importance of considering both ribosome levels and functional specialization in the context of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Ni
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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11
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Breznak SM, Kotb NM, Rangan P. Dynamic regulation of ribosome levels and translation during development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:27-37. [PMID: 35725716 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of ribosomes to translate mRNAs into proteins is the basis of all life. While ribosomes are essential for cell viability, reduction in levels of ribosomes can affect cell fate and developmental transitions in a tissue specific manner and can cause a plethora of related diseases called ribosomopathies. How dysregulated ribosomes homeostasis influences cell fate and developmental transitions is not fully understood. Model systems such as Drosophila and C. elegans oogenesis have been used to address these questions since defects in conserved steps in ribosome biogenesis result in stem cell differentiation and developmental defects. In this review, we first explore how ribosome levels affect stem cell differentiation. Second, we describe how ribosomal modifications and incorporation of ribosomal protein paralogs contribute to development. Third, we summarize how cells with perturbed ribosome biogenesis are sensed and eliminated during organismal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Breznak
- Department of Biological Sciences/RNA Institute, University at Albany SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Noor M Kotb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The School of Public Health, University at Albany SUNY, 11 Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Destefanis F, Manara V, Santarelli S, Zola S, Brambilla M, Viola G, Maragno P, Signoria I, Viero G, Pasini ME, Penzo M, Bellosta P. Reduction of nucleolar NOC1 leads to the accumulation of pre-rRNAs and induces Xrp1, affecting growth and resulting in cell competition. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:285861. [PMID: 36314272 PMCID: PMC9789402 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NOC1 is a nucleolar protein necessary in yeast for both transport and maturation of ribosomal subunits. Here, we show that Drosophila NOC1 (annotated CG7839) is necessary for rRNAs maturation and for a correct animal development. Its ubiquitous downregulation results in a dramatic decrease in polysome level and of protein synthesis. NOC1 expression in multiple organs, such as the prothoracic gland and the fat body, is necessary for their proper functioning. Reduction of NOC1 in epithelial cells from the imaginal discs results in clones that die by apoptosis, an event that is partially rescued in a Minute/+ background, suggesting that reduction of NOC1 induces the cells to become less fit and to acquire a 'loser' state. NOC1 downregulation activates the pro-apoptotic Eiger-JNK pathway and leads to an increase of Xrp1, which results in the upregulation of DILP8, a member of the insulin/relaxin-like family known to coordinate organ growth with animal development. Our data underline NOC1 as an essential gene in ribosome biogenesis and highlight its novel functions in the control of growth and cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Destefanis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria Manara
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sheri Zola
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Brambilla
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Viola
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maragno
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Signoria
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriella Viero
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Enrica Pasini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy,Center for Applied Biomedical Research, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016 NY, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Kumar A, Baker NE. The CRL4 E3 ligase Mahjong/DCAF1 controls cell competition through the transcription factor Xrp1, independently of polarity genes. Development 2022; 149:dev200795. [PMID: 36278853 PMCID: PMC9845748 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell competition, the elimination of cells surrounded by more fit neighbors, is proposed to suppress tumorigenesis. Mahjong (Mahj), a ubiquitin E3 ligase substrate receptor, has been thought to mediate competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl), a neoplastic tumor suppressor that defines apical-basal polarity of epithelial cells. Here, we show that Drosophila cells mutated for mahjong, but not for lgl [l(2)gl], are competed because they express the bZip-domain transcription factor Xrp1, already known to eliminate cells heterozygous for ribosomal protein gene mutations (Rp/+ cells). Xrp1 expression in mahj mutant cells results in activation of JNK signaling, autophagosome accumulation, eIF2α phosphorylation and lower translation, just as in Rp/+ cells. Cells mutated for damage DNA binding-protein 1 (ddb1; pic) or cullin 4 (cul4), which encode E3 ligase partners of Mahj, also display Xrp1-dependent phenotypes, as does knockdown of proteasome subunits. Our data suggest a new model of mahj-mediated cell competition that is independent of apical-basal polarity and couples Xrp1 to protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas E. Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Baker NE, Montagna C. Reducing the aneuploid cell burden - cell competition and the ribosome connection. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049673. [PMID: 36444717 PMCID: PMC10621665 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the gain or loss of chromosomes, is the cause of birth defects and miscarriage and is almost ubiquitous in cancer cells. Mosaic aneuploidy causes cancer predisposition, as well as age-related disorders. Despite the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that prevent aneuploidy, sporadic aneuploid cells do arise in otherwise normal tissues. These aneuploid cells can differ from normal cells in the copy number of specific dose-sensitive genes, and may also experience proteotoxic stress associated with mismatched expression levels of many proteins. These differences may mark aneuploid cells for recognition and elimination. The ribosomal protein gene dose in aneuploid cells could be important because, in Drosophila, haploinsufficiency for these genes leads to elimination by the process of cell competition. Constitutive haploinsufficiency for human ribosomal protein genes causes Diamond Blackfan anemia, but it is not yet known whether ribosomal protein gene dose contributes to aneuploid cell elimination in mammals. In this Review, we discuss whether cell competition on the basis of ribosomal protein gene dose is a tumor suppressor mechanism, reducing the accumulation of aneuploid cells. We also discuss how this might relate to the tumor suppressor function of p53 and the p53-mediated elimination of aneuploid cells from murine embryos, and how cell competition defects could contribute to the cancer predisposition of Diamond Blackfan anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Baker
- Departments of Genetics, Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Grunchec H, Deraze J, Dardalhon-Cuménal D, Ribeiro V, Coléno-Costes A, Dias K, Bloyer S, Mouchel-Vielh E, Peronnet F, Thomassin H. Single amino-acid mutation in a Drosoph ila melanogaster ribosomal protein: An insight in uL11 transcriptional activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273198. [PMID: 35981051 PMCID: PMC9387862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosomal protein uL11 is located at the basis of the ribosome P-stalk and plays a paramount role in translational efficiency. In addition, no mutant for uL11 is available suggesting that this gene is haplo-insufficient as many other Ribosomal Protein Genes (RPGs). We have previously shown that overexpression of Drosophila melanogaster uL11 enhances the transcription of many RPGs and Ribosomal Biogenesis genes (RiBis) suggesting that uL11 might globally regulate the level of translation through its transcriptional activity. Moreover, uL11 trimethylated on lysine 3 (uL11K3me3) interacts with the chromodomain of the Enhancer of Polycomb and Trithorax Corto, and both proteins co-localize with RNA Polymerase II at many sites on polytene chromosomes. These data have led to the hypothesis that the N-terminal end of uL11, and more particularly the trimethylation of lysine 3, supports the extra-ribosomal activity of uL11 in transcription. To address this question, we mutated the lysine 3 codon using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and obtained several lysine 3 mutants. We describe here the first mutants of D. melanogaster uL11. Unexpectedly, the uL11K3A mutant, in which the lysine 3 codon is replaced by an alanine, displays a genuine Minute phenotype known to be characteristic of RPG deletions (longer development, low fertility, high lethality, thin and short bristles) whereas the uL11K3Y mutant, in which the lysine 3 codon is replaced by a tyrosine, is unaffected. In agreement, the rate of translation decreases in uL11K3A but not in uL11K3Y. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that the interaction between uL11 and the Corto chromodomain is impaired by both mutations. However, Histone Association Assays indicate that the mutant proteins still bind chromatin. RNA-seq analyses from wing imaginal discs show that Corto represses RPG expression whereas very few genes are deregulated in uL11 mutants. We propose that Corto, by repressing RPG expression, ensures that all ribosomal proteins are present at the correct stoichiometry, and that uL11 fine-tunes its transcriptional regulation of RPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Grunchec
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Deraze
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dardalhon-Cuménal
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Ribeiro
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anne Coléno-Costes
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karine Dias
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Bloyer
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuèle Mouchel-Vielh
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Peronnet
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Thomassin
- Laboratoire de Biologie du développement (LBD), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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