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Schmacke NA, Hornung V. Decoding NLRP3: Phase separation enters the scene. Cell Res 2025:10.1038/s41422-025-01120-9. [PMID: 40259055 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-025-01120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas A Schmacke
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Feng S, Wierzbowski MC, Hrovat-Schaale K, Dumortier A, Zhang Y, Zyulina M, Baker PJ, Reygaerts T, Steiner A, De Nardo D, Narayanan DL, Milhavet F, Pinzon-Charry A, Arostegui JI, Khubchandani RP, Geyer M, Boursier G, Masters SL. Mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and inhibition elucidated by functional analysis of disease-associated variants. Nat Immunol 2025; 26:511-523. [PMID: 39930093 PMCID: PMC11876074 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that mediates caspase-1 activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding NLRP3 (also called cryopyrin) lead to constitutive inflammasome activation and excessive IL-1β production in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Here we present functional screening and automated analysis of 534 NLRP3 variants from the international INFEVERS registry and the ClinVar database. This resource captures the effect of NLRP3 variants on ASC speck formation spontaneously, at low temperature, after inflammasome stimulation and with the specific NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Most notably, our analysis facilitated the updated classification of NLRP3 variants in INFEVERS. Structural analysis suggested multiple mechanisms by which CAPS variants activate NLRP3, including enhanced ATP binding, stabilizing the active NLRP3 conformation, destabilizing the inactive NLRP3 complex and promoting oligomerization of the pyrin domain. Furthermore, we identified pathogenic variants that can hypersensitize the activation of NLRP3 in response to nigericin and cold temperature exposure. We also found that most CAPS-related NLRP3 variants can be inhibited by MCC950; however, NLRP3 variants with changes to proline affecting helices near the inhibitor binding site are resistant to MCC950, as are variants in the pyrin domain, which likely trigger activation directly with the pyrin domain of ASC. Our findings could help stratify the CAPS population for NLRP3 inhibitor clinical trials and our automated methodologies can be implemented for molecules with a different mechanism of activation and in laboratories worldwide that are interested in adding new functionally validated NLRP3 variants to the resource. Overall, our study provides improved diagnosis for patients with CAPS, mechanistic insight into the activation of NLRP3 and stratification of patients for the future application of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouya Feng
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew C Wierzbowski
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Dumortier
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Zyulina
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Structural Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul J Baker
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Reygaerts
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annemarie Steiner
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Milhavet
- Department of Molecular genetics and Cytogenomics, CHU Montpellier, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, University of Montpellier, CEREMAIA, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, INSERMU1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Alberto Pinzon-Charry
- Queensland Paediatric Immunology and Allergy Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juan Ignacio Arostegui
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raju P Khubchandani
- Sectional Head Pediatric Rheumatology, SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guilaine Boursier
- Department of Molecular genetics and Cytogenomics, CHU Montpellier, Rare and Autoinflammatory Diseases Unit, University of Montpellier, CEREMAIA, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, INSERMU1183, Montpellier, France
| | - Seth L Masters
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Tang D, Wang C, Liu H, Wu J, Tan L, Liu S, Lv H, Wang C, Wang F, Liu J. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Ameliorates Cold-Stimulated Steroid-Resistant Asthma by Regulating Interactions among Microbiota, Genes, and Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9110. [PMID: 39201796 PMCID: PMC11354367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistant asthma (SRA), resisting glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX), is a bottleneck in the treatment of asthma. It is characterized by a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory subtype and is prone to developing into severe refractory asthma and fatal asthma. Currently, there is a lack of universally effective treatments for SRA. Moreover, since cold stimulation does increase the risk of asthma development and exacerbate asthma symptoms, the treatment of cold-stimulated SRA (CSRA) will face greater challenges. To find effective new methods to ameliorate CSRA, this study established a CSRA mouse model of allergic airway inflammation mimicking human asthma for the first time and evaluated the alleviating effects of 80% ethanol extract of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) based on multi-omics analysis. The results indicate that cold stimulation indeed exacerbated the SRA-related symptoms in mice; the DEX individual treatment did not show a satisfactory effect; while the combination treatment of DEX and MCG could dose-dependently significantly enhance the lung function; reduce neutrophil aggregation; decrease the levels of LPS, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CXCL8, and IL-17; increase the level of IL-10; alleviate the inflammatory infiltration; and decrease the mucus secretion and the expression of MUC5AC. Moreover, the combination of DEX and high-dose (200 mg/kg) MCG could significantly increase the levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), regulate the disordered intestinal flora, increase the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and regulate the abnormal gene profile and metabolic profile. Multi-omics integrated analysis showed that 7 gut microbes, 34 genes, 6 metabolites, and the involved 15 metabolic/signaling pathways were closely related to the pharmacological effects of combination therapy. In conclusion, integrated multi-omics profiling highlighted the benefits of MCG for CSRA mice by modulating the interactions of microbiota, genes, and metabolites. MCG shows great potential as a functional food in the adjuvant treatment of CSRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohao Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hanlin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Junzhe Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Luying Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Sihan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Haoming Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (D.T.); (H.L.); (J.W.); (L.T.); (H.L.); (C.W.)
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4
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Usui-Kawanishi F, Kani K, Karasawa T, Honda H, Takayama N, Takahashi M, Takatsu K, Nagai Y. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation with CAPS mutations by suppressing caspase-1 activation and mutated NLRP3 aggregation. Genes Cells 2024; 29:423-431. [PMID: 38366709 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by NLRP3 gene mutations that results in excessive IL-1β production. We previously identified isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts, as a potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we aimed to investigate whether ILG inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome caused by NLRP3 gene mutations. We demonstrated that ILG significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and IL-1β production in two CAPS model THP-1 cell lines, NLRP3-D303N and NLRP3-L353P, in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 inhibited LDH release and IL-1β production in NLRP3-D303N cells, but not in NLRP3-L353P cells. Western blotting and caspase-1 activity assays showed that ILG, as well as caspase inhibitors, including Z-VAD and YVAD, suppressed caspase-1 activation. Notably, ILG prevented cryo-sensitive foci formation of NLRP3 without affecting the levels of intracellular Ca2+. We concluded that ILG effectively prevents the constitutive activation of the inflammasome associated with NLRP3 gene mutations by inhibiting the aggregation of cryo-sensitive mutated NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitake Usui-Kawanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Koudai Kani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroe Honda
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takayama
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
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5
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Putnam CD, Broderick L, Hoffman HM. The discovery of NLRP3 and its function in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes and innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:259-282. [PMID: 38146057 PMCID: PMC10950545 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
From studies of individual families to global collaborative efforts, the NLRP3 inflammasome is now recognized to be a key regulator of innate immunity. Activated by a panoply of pathogen-associated and endogenous triggers, NLRP3 serves as an intracellular sensor that drives carefully coordinated assembly of the inflammasome, and downstream inflammation mediated by IL-1 and IL-18. Initially discovered as the cause of the autoinflammatory spectrum of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), NLRP3 is now also known to play a role in more common diseases including cardiovascular disease, gout, and liver disease. We have seen cohesion in results from clinical studies in CAPS patients, ex vivo studies of human cells and murine cells, and in vivo murine models leading to our understanding of the downstream pathways, cytokine secretion, and cell death pathways that has solidified the role of autoinflammation in the pathogenesis of human disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the structure of the inflammasome have provided ways for us to visualize normal and mutant protein function and pharmacologic inhibition. The subsequent development of targeted therapies successfully used in the treatment of patients with CAPS completes the bench to bedside translational loop which has defined the study of this unique protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Putnam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hal M. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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6
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Şen B, Balcı‐Peynircioğlu B. Cellular models in autoinflammatory disease research. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1481. [PMID: 38213819 PMCID: PMC10784111 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders caused by dysregulation of the innate immune system. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying these conditions is critical for developing effective treatments. Cellular models are essential for identifying new conditions and studying their pathogenesis. Traditionally, these studies have used primary cells and cell lines of disease-relevant cell types, although newer induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models might have unique advantages. In this review, we discuss the three cellular models used in autoinflammatory disease research, their strengths and weaknesses, and their applications to inform future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Şen
- Department of Medical BiologyHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, SıhhiyeAnkaraTurkey
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7
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Krantz M, Eklund D, Särndahl E, Hedbrant A. A detailed molecular network map and model of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233680. [PMID: 38077364 PMCID: PMC10699087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of inflammation that responds to a broad range of stimuli. The exact mechanism of activation has not been determined, but there is a consensus on cellular potassium efflux as a major common denominator. Once NLRP3 is activated, it forms high-order complexes together with NEK7 that trigger aggregation of ASC into specks. Typically, there is only one speck per cell, consistent with the proposal that specks form - or end up at - the centrosome. ASC polymerisation in turn triggers caspase-1 activation, leading to maturation and release of IL-1β and pyroptosis, i.e., highly inflammatory cell death. Several gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 inflammasome have been suggested to induce spontaneous activation of NLRP3 and hence contribute to development and disease severity in numerous autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, the NLRP3 inflammasome is of significant clinical interest, and recent attention has drastically improved our insight in the range of involved triggers and mechanisms of signal transduction. However, despite recent progress in knowledge, a clear and comprehensive overview of how these mechanisms interplay to shape the system level function is missing from the literature. Here, we provide such an overview as a resource to researchers working in or entering the field, as well as a computational model that allows for evaluating and explaining the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome system from the current molecular knowledge. We present a detailed reconstruction of the molecular network surrounding the NLRP3 inflammasome, which account for each specific reaction and the known regulatory constraints on each event as well as the mechanisms of drug action and impact of genetics when known. Furthermore, an executable model from this network reconstruction is generated with the aim to be used to explain NLRP3 activation from priming and activation to the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, we test this detailed mechanistic model against data on the effect of different modes of inhibition of NLRP3 assembly. While the exact mechanisms of NLRP3 activation remains elusive, the literature indicates that the different stimuli converge on a single activation mechanism that is additionally controlled by distinct (positive or negative) priming and licensing events through covalent modifications of the NLRP3 molecule. Taken together, we present a compilation of the literature knowledge on the molecular mechanisms on NLRP3 activation, a detailed mechanistic model of NLRP3 activation, and explore the convergence of diverse NLRP3 activation stimuli into a single input mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Krantz
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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8
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Noguchi T, Sekiguchi Y, Shimada T, Suzuki W, Yokosawa T, Itoh T, Yamada M, Suzuki M, Kurokawa R, Hirata Y, Matsuzawa A. LLPS of SQSTM1/p62 and NBR1 as outcomes of lysosomal stress response limits cancer cell metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311282120. [PMID: 37847732 PMCID: PMC10614216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311282120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid droplet has emerged as a flexible intracellular compartment that modulates various cellular processes. Here, we uncover an antimetastatic mechanism governed by the liquid droplets formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of SQSTM1/p62 and neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1). Some of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) initiated lysosomal stress response that promotes the LLPS of p62 and NBR1, resulting in the spreading of p62/NBR1 liquid droplets. Interestingly, in the p62/NBR1 liquid droplet, degradation of RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 was accelerated by cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, which limits cancer cell motility. Moreover, the antimetastatic activity of the TKIs was completely overridden in p62/NBR1 double knockout cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results demonstrate a function of the p62/NBR1 liquid droplet as a critical determinant of cancer cell behavior, which may provide insight into both the clinical and biological significance of LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuto Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Wakana Suzuki
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokosawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Tamaki Itoh
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Mayuka Yamada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Midori Suzuki
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Reon Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
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9
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Diaz VL, Gribbons KB, Yazdi-Nejad K, Kuemmerle-Deschner J, Wanderer AA, Broderick L, Hoffman HM. Cold Urticaria Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2275-2285. [PMID: 37290539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold urticaria is a chronic condition causing episodic symptoms of cold-induced wheals or angioedema in response to direct or indirect exposure to cold temperatures. Whereas symptoms of cold urticaria are typically benign and self-limiting, severe systemic anaphylactic reactions are possible. Acquired, atypical, and hereditary forms have been described, each with variable triggers, symptoms, and responses to therapy. Clinical testing, including response to cold stimulation, helps define disease subtypes. More recently, monogenic disorders characterized by atypical forms of cold urticaria have been described. Here, we review the different forms of cold-induced urticaria and related syndromes and propose a diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in making a timely diagnosis for the appropriate management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | | | | | - Jasmin Kuemmerle-Deschner
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Member of European Reference Network (ERN-RITA), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alan A Wanderer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | - Lori Broderick
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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10
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Foster SL, Dutton AJ, Yerzhan A, March LB, Barry K, Seehus CR, Huang X, Talbot S, Woolf CJ. A Preliminary Study of Mild Heat Stress on Inflammasome Activation in Murine Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:1189. [PMID: 37190098 PMCID: PMC10137183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress are interrelated processes implicated in multiple neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Exposure to elevated temperature (hyperthermia) is proposed as a non-pharmacological, anti-inflammatory treatment for these disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we asked if the inflammasome, a protein complex essential for orchestrating the inflammatory response and linked to mitochondrial stress, might be modulated by elevated temperatures. To test this, in preliminary studies, immortalized bone-marrow-derived murine macrophages (iBMM) were primed with inflammatory stimuli, exposed to a range of temperatures (37-41.5 °C), and examined for markers of inflammasome and mitochondrial activity. We found that exposure to mild heat stress (39 °C for 15 min) rapidly inhibited iBMM inflammasome activity. Furthermore, heat exposure led to decreased ASC speck formation and increased numbers of polarized mitochondria. These results suggest that mild hyperthermia inhibits inflammasome activity in the iBMM, limiting potentially harmful inflammation and mitigating mitochondrial stress. Our findings suggest an additional potential mechanism by which hyperthermia may exert its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmie L. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Abigail J. Dutton
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adina Yerzhan
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay B. March
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Corey R. Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Moltrasio C, Romagnuolo M, Marzano AV. NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3-related autoinflammatory diseases: From cryopyrin function to targeted therapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007705. [PMID: 36275641 PMCID: PMC9583146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the NOD-like receptor family members with the most functional characterization and acts as a key player in innate immune system, participating in several physiological processes including, among others, the modulation of the immune system response and the coordination of host defences. Activation of the inflammasome is a crucial signaling mechanism that promotes both an acute and a chronic inflammatory response, which can accelerate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to an exacerbated inflammatory network. Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare inherited autoinflammatory disorder, clinically characterized by cutaneous and systemic, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system inflammation. Gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 gene are causative of signs and inflammatory symptoms in CAPS patients, in which an abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in an inappropriate release of IL-1β and gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptosis, has been demonstrated both in in vitro and in ex vivo studies. During recent years, two new hereditary NLRP3-related disorders have been described, deafness autosomal dominant 34 (DFN34) and keratitis fugax hereditaria (KFH), with an exclusive cochlear- and anterior eye- restricted autoinflammation, respectively, and caused by mutations in NLRP3 gene, thus expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory diseases. Several crucial mechanisms involved in the control of activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome have been identified and researchers took advantage of this to develop novel target therapies with a significant improvement of clinical signs and symptoms of NLRP3-associated diseases. This review provides a broad overview of NLRP3 inflammasome biology with particular emphasis on CAPS, whose clinical, genetic, and therapeutic aspects will be explored in depth. The latest evidence on two “new” diseases, DFN34 and KFH, caused by mutations in NLRP3 is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Moltrasio,
| | - Maurizio Romagnuolo
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Activation and Pharmacological Regulation of Inflammasomes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071005. [PMID: 35883561 PMCID: PMC9313256 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular signaling complexes of the innate immune system, which is part of the response to exogenous pathogens or physiological aberration. The multiprotein complexes mainly consist of sensor proteins, adaptors, and pro-caspase-1. The assembly of the inflammasome upon extracellular and intracellular cues drives the activation of caspase-1, which processes pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 to maturation and gasdermin-D for pore formation, leading to pyroptosis and cytokine release. Inflammasome signaling functions in numerous infectious or sterile inflammatory diseases, including inherited autoinflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and COVID-19. In this review, we summarized current ideas on the organization and activation of inflammasomes, with details on the molecular mechanisms, regulations, and interventions. The recent developments of pharmacological strategies targeting inflammasomes as disease therapeutics were also covered.
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