1
|
Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14664. [PMID: 34282223 PMCID: PMC8289831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Korea tends to be increasing. It has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing evidence shows heavy metals are associated with increased CVD risk. We aimed to determine the association between the serum heavy metal levels and 10-year risk of CVDs and to predict risks of CVDs based on marginal effects. Heavy metals were measured by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. The results show a significant relationship between the increase in cadmium, lead, mercury, hs-CRP levels and the 10-year risk of CVD after adjustment for serum cotinine, age group, sex, body mass index, a family history of CVDs, diabetes or hyperlipidemia, high-risk drinking, physical activity, and diabetes. A doubling of serum cadmium, lead, mercury, and hs-CRP was associated with the increase in the 10-year risk of CVD by 0.14%, 0.10%, 0.11% and 0.22%, respectively. Therefore, a special concern should be given to the harmful impacts of heavy metals on the 10-year risk of CVD. It is important to develop a prevention strategy targeting the high-risk population to slow down this progression to risk factors related to heavy metals and reduce prevalence. Remarkedly, hs-CRP is the most validated and widely used inflammatory marker, and could be a potential clinical value in predicting and monitoring CVDs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Eating Speed, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Independent Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean University Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072420. [PMID: 34371929 PMCID: PMC8308714 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known regarding the role of eating quickly, physical inactivity, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in assessing the onset of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Korean young adults. Objectives: This study examined the association between the three risk factors and Mets in 1891 Korean university students (30% female) aged 18–29 years. Methods: Eating speed (slow vs. fast) and physical activity (active vs. inactive) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake as an indicator of CRF was assessed with graded exercise testing. Components of Mets were waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Results: All the three exposures were positively associated with abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressures, elevated FBG, elevated TG, and decreased HDLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of Mets was incremental in the order of physical inactivity (odds ratio, OR = 1.666; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.024–2.708; p = 0.040), fast eating (OR = 1.687; 95% CI = 1.094–2.601; p = 0.018), and poor CRF (OR = 5.378; 95% CI = 3.475–8.325; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that a multifaceted intervention targeting at promotion of physical activity and CRF in concert with healthy eating behaviors should be implemented as a preventive strategy against Mets in Korean university students.
Collapse
|
3
|
Duc HN, Oh H, Kim MS. Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins, Curry Consumption, and Heavy Metal Levels on Metabolic Syndrome with Comorbidities: A Korean Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:808. [PMID: 34069726 PMCID: PMC8161368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased worldwide, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this phenomenon is related to environmental, dietary, and lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to determine the association between the levels of serum heavy metals, hs-CRP, vitamins, and curry intake and to predict risks of MetS based on marginal effects. A data set of 60,256 Koreans aged ≥ 15 years between 2009 and 2017 was used to obtain information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, family history characteristics, MetS, food intake survey, and serum heavy metals. Daily intake of vitamins was measured by a one-day 24 h recall, and curry consumption was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. Serum heavy metal levels were quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and using a mercury analyzer. We found that vitamin B1, B2, B3, C, and A intakes were significantly lower in subjects with than without MetS. In contrast, serum levels of Pb, Hg, Cd, vitamin A, E, and hs-CRP were significantly higher in subjects with MetS. The risk of MetS was significantly lower for high curry consumers than low curry consumers (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.98). The risks of MetS were reduced by 12% and 1%, when vitamin B1 and C intakes increased by one mg, respectively, but were increased by 14%, 3%, and 9%, when serum levels of Pb, Hg, and hs-CRP increased by one unit. These results show that the potential health benefits resulting from vitamin and curry intakes could protect the public against the dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Further studies are required to reduce risk factors associated with serum heavy metal levels and to determine whether interactions between vitamin and curry consumption influence the presence of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea; (H.N.D.); (H.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bae CY, Piao M, Kim M, Im Y, Kim S, Kim D, Choi J, Cho KH. Biological age and lifestyle in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome: the NHIS health screening data, 2014-2015. Sci Rep 2021; 11:444. [PMID: 33431923 PMCID: PMC7801435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is diagnosed using absolute criteria that do not consider age and sex, but most studies have shown that the prevalence of MS increases with age in both sexes. Thus, the evaluation of MS should consider sex and age. We aimed to develop a new index that considers the age and sex for evaluating an individual's relative overall MS status. Data of 16,518,532 subjects (8,671,838 males and 7,846,694 females) who completed a validated health survey of the National Health Insurance Service of the Republic of Korea (2014‒2015) were analyzed to develop an MS-biological age model. Principal component score analysis using waist circumference, pulse pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein level, but not age, as independent variables were performed to derive an index of health status and biological age. In both sexes, the age according to the MS-biological age model increased with rising smoking and alcohol consumption habits and decreased with rising physical activity. Particularly, smoking and drinking affected females, whereas physical activity affected males. The MS-biological age model can be a supplementary tool for evaluating and managing MS, quantitatively measuring the effect of lifestyle changes on MS, and motivating patients to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meihua Piao
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XOffice of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- MediAge Research Center, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoori Im
- MediAge Research Center, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Big Data, National Health Insurance Corporation, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Choi
- grid.416665.60000 0004 0647 2391Department of Family Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Cho
- grid.416665.60000 0004 0647 2391Research and Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koo BK, Park S, Han KD, Moon MK. Hypertriglyceridemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Korean Adults Aged 30-49 Years: a Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:88-98. [PMID: 33537256 PMCID: PMC7838513 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to estimate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol according to triglyceride (TG) levels in young adults. Methods Subjects aged 30–49 years with data from routine health check-ups provided by the National Health Insurance Service during 2009 were selected. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke during the follow-up period from 2009 to 2018. Results The mean age of study subjects (n=1,823,537) was 40.1±5.7 years, and the median follow-up period was 8.3 years. The quartiles of serum TG levels at the baseline were calculated: Q1, <74 mg/dL; Q2, 74–108 mg/dL; Q3, 109–166 mg/dL; and Q4: >166 mg/dL. The highest quartile of TG levels (Q4) had a significantly higher risk of the primary outcome than Q1 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.40 [95% confidence interval; CI, 2.33–2.47]). Q2 and Q3 also experienced the primary outcome more frequently than Q1 (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.33–1.42] and HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.75–1.86], respectively). Even after adjustment for age, sex, obesity, alcohol drinking amount, smoking, LDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, lipid-lowering medication use, and family history of CVD, there was a significant dose-response relationship between TG quartiles and the risk of the primary outcome (HR per quartile, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.12–1.14]). Conclusion In conclusion, in the Korean population aged 30–49 years, high TG levels independently increased future CVD risk in both men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - SangHyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang K, Zhang Q, Peng NC, Zhang M, Xu SJ, Li H, Hu Y, Xue CJ, Shi LX. Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese patients with a range of thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520966878. [PMID: 33207990 PMCID: PMC7683923 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520966878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and the risks of developing metabolic syndrome and its components. Methods A total of 10,140 residents of the Yunyan district of Guiyang (Guizhou, China) who were ≥40 years old were selected by cluster random sampling between May and August 2011, of whom 5692 were eligible. TSH concentration and indices of metabolic syndrome were documented at baseline and 3 years later. Participants were allocated to a euthyroid (TSH 0.55–4.78 mIU/L) or high TSH concentration (TSH >4.78 mIU/L) group. Patients with overt hypothyroidism or were undergoing treatment for hypothyroidism were excluded. Results The crude and adjusted prevalences of metabolic syndrome were 39.9% and 33.9% in the euthyroid group and 44.3% and 37.5% in the high TSH group, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between a high TSH concentration at baseline and the cumulative incidence of metabolic syndrome during follow up. Conclusions High TSH is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome or one of its components; therefore, people with a high TSH concentration should be screened regularly to permit the early identification of metabolic syndrome and followed up thoroughly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian-Chun Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shu-Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun-Ju Xue
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Xin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moon JH, Kang MK, Choi CE, Min J, Lee HY, Lim S. Validation of a wearable cuff-less wristwatch-type blood pressure monitoring device. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19015. [PMID: 33149118 PMCID: PMC7642418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring is recommended to improve the management of hypertension. Here, we investigated the accuracy of BP estimated using a wearable cuff-less device, InBodyWATCH, compared with BP measured using a manual sphygmomanometer. Thirty-five adults were enrolled (age 57.1 ± 17.9 years). The BP was estimated using InBodyWATCH with an individualized estimation based on a neural network model. Three paired sets of BPs from the two devices were compared using correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plots (n = 105 paired BP readings). The correlations for both systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) between the two devices were high (r = 0.964 and 0.939, both P < 0.001). The mean difference was 2.2 ± 6.1 mmHg for SBP and −0.2 ± 4.2 mmHg for DBP; these were not significant (P = 0.472 for SBP and P = 0.880 for DBP). The proportions of estimated SBP/DBP obtained from the InBodyWATCH within ± 5 mmHg of manual SBP/DBP were 71.4%/83.8%; within ± 10 mmHg they were 86.7%/98.1%; and within ± 15 mmHg they were 97.1%/99.0%. The estimated BP from this wearable cuff-less device correlated highly with the manual BP and showed good accuracy, suggesting its potential to be used in ambulatory BP monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jeonghee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|