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Kim D, Burkett-Cadena ND, Reeves LE. Changes in mosquito species and blood meal composition associated with adulticide applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22087. [PMID: 38086895 PMCID: PMC10716403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adulticide application is a pillar in the integrated management of nuisance and vector mosquitoes, non-target effects of adulticide applications within ecosystems are a substantial concern. However, the impacts of adulticide applications on non-target organisms are not necessarily detrimental, and in some cases, may provide benefits to certain organisms or wildlife. Here, we hypothesized that adulticide applications have beneficial non-target impacts on vertebrate wildlife through reduced biting pressure. To test this, we collected mosquitoes from ultra-low volume Permanone-treated (intervention) and untreated (reference) areas and assessed mosquito abundance and diversity, and abundance of blood-engorged female mosquitoes. We performed DNA barcoding analysis on mosquito blood meals to identify host species. Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in mosquito abundance by 58.9% in the intervention areas, taking into account the reduction in reference areas. Consequently, this decline led to a 64.5% reduction in the abundance of blood-engorged females. We also found a temporal dynamic of mosquito composition driven by mosquito control actions in which different mosquito species became dominant at treated sites while composition at reference areas remained similar during the same period. The present study suggests that the beneficial effects of mosquito control treatments for humans extend to other vertebrates, which represents an unstudied and rarely recognized non-target impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Kim
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA.
| | | | - Lawrence E Reeves
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA.
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Abd El Hafez MS, Shosha EAEM, Ibrahim SM. Isolation and molecular detection of pigeon pox virus in Assiut and New Valley governorates. J Virol Methods 2021; 293:114142. [PMID: 33766658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigeon Poxvirus (PPV) was detected in eight pigeons suffering from wart like nodular lesions in two Egyptian governorates (Assiut and New Valley) during summer 2018. Different serological and molecular techniques were carried out for isolation and detection of the virus on chorio-allantoic membranes (CAM) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. The characteristic pock lesions were detected on CAMs, whereas PPV was isolated. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped brick shaped Avipoxvirions. The neutralizing antibodies against PPV were detected in six out of eight samples. Serum neutralization test revealed a neutralization index of ≥ 1.6, while ELISA revealed an S/P ratio of ≥ 1.4 in the affected pigeons. Nucleotide sequence of P4b of Pigeon poxvirus isolated from nodule 1 sample (PPVNV1), revealed 100 % nucleotide identity to PPV and only 90 % nucleotide identity with Fowl poxvirus (FPV). P4b locus based SYBR green QPCR produced PPV amplicons of 77.33-77.83 °C melting temperature (Tm). QPCR SYBR green assay successfully differentiated PPV from FPV amplicon which revealed a dissociation curve of Tm =75.85 °C. This is the first report discriminating PPV from FPV based on SYBR green qPCR approach of P4b locus. This isolated local Egyptian strain can be used in vaccine production for optimal vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abd El Hafez
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt
| | - E A E-M Shosha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt
| | - S M Ibrahim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt.
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Carleton RE, Fenton H, Bryan JA, Yabsley MJ. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:1407-1409. [PMID: 31149872 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.12.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baek HE, Bandivadekar RR, Pandit P, Mah M, Sehgal RNM, Tell LA. TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR for detecting Avipoxvirus DNA in various sample types from hummingbirds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230701. [PMID: 32526768 PMCID: PMC7289624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian pox is a viral disease documented in a wide range of bird species. Disease-related detrimental effects can cause dyspnea and dysphagia, and birds with high metabolic requirements, such as hummingbirds, are thus especially vulnerable to the pathogen. Hummingbirds have a strong presence in California, especially in urban environments. However, little is understood regarding the impact of pox virus on hummingbird populations. Currently, diagnosing a pox infection relies on obtaining a tissue biopsy, which poses significant risks to birds and challenges in the field. Understanding the ecology of hummingbird pox viral infections could be advanced by a minimally invasive ante-mortem diagnostic method. Our aim was to address whether pox infections can be diagnosed using integumentary system samples besides tissue biopsies. To meet this goal, we tested multiple integumentary sample types using a quantitative real-time PCR assay. A secondary study goal was to determine which sample types (ranging from minimally to highly invasive sampling) were optimal for identifying infected birds. Methodology and principal findings Pox-like lesion tissue, pectoral muscle, feathers, toenail clippings, blood, and swabs (both pox-like lesion tissue and non pox-like lesion tissue) were taken from live birds and carcasses of two species of hummingbirds found in California. To maximize successful diagnosis, especially for samples with low viral load, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for detecting the hummingbird-specific Avipoxvirus 4b core protein gene. Avipoxvirus DNA was successfully amplified from all sample types obtained from 27 individuals. These results were compared to those of conventional PCR and comparisons were also made among sample types, utilizing lesion tissue samples as the gold standard. Conclusions and significance Hummingbird avian pox can be diagnosed without relying on tissue biopsies. We identify that feather samples, of which contour feathers yielded the best results, can be used for diagnosing infected birds, thus reducing sampling risk. In sum, the real-time PCR assay detected viral DNA in various integumentary system sample types and will be useful in future studies of hummingbird disease ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Baek
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruta R Bandivadekar
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Pranav Pandit
- EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle Mah
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Ravinder N M Sehgal
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Echenique JV, Bandarra PM, Brauner RK, Soares MP, Coimbra MA, Schild AL. Infecção por pox vírus e Aspergillus fumigatus em Bubo virginianus (Coruja jacurutu). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: Este trabalho descreve um caso de infecção mista por pox vírus e Aspergillus fumigatus em Bubo virginianus (coruja jacurutu). A ave, um macho adulto, foi encaminhada ao Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS/CETAS/UFPEL). Apresentava bom estado corporal, estava ativa, porém com incapacidade de voo. Após três dias apresentou lesões crostosas e de aspecto verrucoso na superfície dorsal das patas. Havia, também, nódulos de mesmo aspecto na pálpebra esquerda e na cera. A ave morreu após 15 dias de sua chegada ao NURFS e foi necropsiada no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel). Histologicamente, as lesões verrucosas caracterizavam-se por hiperplasia do epitélio e nas células das camadas basal, espinhosa, granular e córnea havia corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos do tipo Bollinger. Na microscopia eletrônica foram visualizadas partículas virais características de pox vírus, incluindo Bubo virginianus como um hospedeiro do vírus. Havia, ainda, infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares e focos de colônias bacterianas na derme. Nos pulmões havia congestão e presença de granulomas com hifas fúngicas, que pela técnica de Grocott, apresentaram ramificação dicotômica compatível com Aspergillus spp., identificado na cultura como A. fumigatus. O diagnóstico de infecção por avipoxvirus pode contribuir para estudos relacionados com a ocorrência desta doença nas populações de vida livre e como informação auxiliar para o manejo e conservação desta espécie. Sugere-se, ainda, a inclusão do uso de raios-X nos protocolos de centros de reabilitação como o diagnostico de aspergilose em aves rapinantes com bom estado corporal, porém incapazes de voar.
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Vargas GD, Albano AP, Fischer G, Hübner S, Sallis SE, Nunes CF, Raffi MB, Soares MP. Avian pox virus infection in a common barn owl (Tyto alba) in southern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A young common barn owl (Tyto alba) was referred to the Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre (Nurfs), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), after been found in a barn of a brick factory in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The bird was apathic, weak and with crusty lesions in the featherless areas (eyes, beak, legs), and died soon after arrival at Nurfs. Necropsy and histopathological examination of the lesions were carried out. The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the cutaneous lesions, several eosinophilic intracyto-plasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells (Bollinger bodies), as well as particles characteristic of poxvirus, observed by electronic microscopy, confirmed the infection by avian poxvirus, what highlights the importance of Tyto alba as carrier of the virus in the wild.
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Weli SC, Tryland M. Avipoxviruses: infection biology and their use as vaccine vectors. Virol J 2011; 8:49. [PMID: 21291547 PMCID: PMC3042955 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avipoxviruses (APVs) belong to the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily of the Poxviridae family. APVs are distributed worldwide and cause disease in domestic, pet and wild birds of many species. APVs are transmitted by aerosols and biting insects, particularly mosquitoes and arthropods and are usually named after the bird species from which they were originally isolated. The virus species Fowlpox virus (FWPV) causes disease in poultry and associated mortality is usually low, but in flocks under stress (other diseases, high production) mortality can reach up to 50%. APVs are also major players in viral vaccine vector development for diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Abortive infection in mammalian cells (no production of progeny viruses) and their ability to accommodate multiple gene inserts are some of the characteristics that make APVs promising vaccine vectors. Although abortive infection in mammalian cells conceivably represents a major vaccine bio-safety advantage, molecular mechanisms restricting APVs to certain hosts are not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge relating to APVs, including classification, morphogenesis, host-virus interactions, diagnostics and disease, and also highlights the use of APVs as recombinant vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Weli
- National Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0106 Oslo, Norway.
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Hernández M, Sánchez C, Galka ME, Dominguez L, Goyache J, Oria J, Pizarro M. Avian pox infection in Spanish Imperial eagles (Aquila adalberti). Avian Pathol 2010; 30:91-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450020023258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Hernández
- a Laboratorio Forense de Vida Silvestre , Edificio ALBA , c/Rosa de Lima
| | - Celia Sánchez
- b Centro Administrativo El Acebuche , Parque Nacional de Doñana , Matalascañas, Almonte, Huelva , 21.760 , Spain
| | - Margarita E. Galka
- c Departamento de Medicina y Cirugia Animal , Hospital Clinico Veterinario , Campus Universitario Rabanales, Ctra de Madrid-Cádiz, Km 396, Córdoba , 14.014 , Spain
| | - Lucas Dominguez
- d Departamento de Patologia Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , 28.040 , Spain
| | - Joaquin Goyache
- d Departamento de Patologia Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , 28.040 , Spain
| | - Javier Oria
- e Boscaje , SL, San Agustin 22, Segovia , 40.001 , Spain
| | - Manuel Pizarro
- f Departamento de Patologia Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , 28.040 , Spain
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Mete A, Borst GHA, Dorrestein GM. Atypical poxvirus lesions in two Galapagos doves (Nesopelia g. galapagoensis). Avian Pathol 2010; 30:159-62. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450120044560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ash Mete
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Section of Diseases of Laboratory and Special Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Yalelaan
| | - Gerrit H. A. Borst
- b Animal Health Service , PO Box 9, Deventer , 7400 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Gerry M. Dorrestein
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Section of Diseases of Laboratory and Special Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Yalelaan
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Khan A, Yousaf A, Khan MZ, Siddique M, Gul S, Mahmood F. Cutaneous form of pox infection among captive peafowl (Pavo cristatus) chicks. Avian Pathol 2009; 38:65-70. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802638061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kulich P, Roubalová E, Dubská L, Sychra O, Smíd B, Literák I. Avipoxvirus in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Avian Pathol 2008; 37:101-7. [PMID: 18202957 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701805332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
From July to September 2005, 1075 wild birds of 37 species were mist-netted at a location in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic. The birds were examined for the presence of avipoxvirus lesions. This was demonstrated by electron microscopy in skin lesions in nine of 244 blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) examined (4% prevalence). Blackcaps skin bioptates were processed using the ultrathin section method. In skin bioptates, avipoxviruses were demonstrated in intracytoplasmic inclusions where, in addition to mature viruses, lipids and filamentous structures concentrated into large circular formations were found. The so-called additional inclusions were also found. These did not contain any virus components, and they served as the precursor of A-type intracytoplasmic inclusions. Blackcap avipoxvirus was isolated by passage on the chorioallantoic membrane of 9-day-old chicken embryos. The virus was successfully adapted after 11 passages (each passage lasted 5 to 7 days), at which time a marked changes in the form of tiny nodules 2 to 3 mm in diameter were observed on the chorioallantoic membrane. Further identification of field isolates and of the cultured virus was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Sequences were compared with consensus sequences of both canarypoxviruses and fowlpoxviruses. Our sequence was found to be 98.8% identical to the canarypox consensus sequence, but only 63% identical to the fowlpox consensus sequence. Our avipoxvirus sequence was proven to be significantly more closely related to canarypoxviruses than to fowlpoxviruses also by phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kulich
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
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