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Chen BC, Wu XJ, Guo HC, Xiao JP. Effects of appropriate low-temperature treatment on the yield and quality of pigmented potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38605295 PMCID: PMC11007950 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the important environmental factors affecting plant growth, yield and quality. Moreover, appropriately low temperature is also beneficial for tuber coloration. The red potato variety Jianchuanhong, whose tuber color is susceptible to temperature, and the purple potato variety Huaxinyangyu, whose tuber color is stable, were used as experimental materials and subjected to 20 °C (control check), 15 °C and 10 °C treatments during the whole growth period. The effects of temperature treatment on the phenotype, the expression levels of structural genes related to anthocyanins and the correlations of each indicator were analyzed. The results showed that treatment at 10 °C significantly inhibited the potato plant height, and the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters in the leaves were reduced, and the enzyme activities of SOD and POD were significantly increased, all indicating that the leaves were damaged. Treatment at 10 °C also affected the tuberization of Huaxinyangyu and reduced the tuberization and coloring of Jianchuanhong, while treatment at 15 °C significantly increased the stem diameter, root-to-shoot ratio, yield and content of secondary metabolites, especially anthocyanins. Similarly, the expression of structural genes were enhanced in two pigmented potatoes under low-temperature treatment conditions. In short, proper low temperature can not only increase yield but also enhance secondary metabolites production. Previous studies have not focused on the effects of appropriate low-temperature treatment during the whole growth period of potato on the changes in metabolites during tuber growth and development, these results can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the selection of pigmented potatoes with better nutritional quality planting environment and the formulation of cultivation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Cong Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Hua-Chun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Ji-Ping Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, No.95 Jinhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan, 650051, China.
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Mishra S, Spaccarotella K, Gido J, Samanta I, Chowdhary G. Effects of Heat Stress on Plant-Nutrient Relations: An Update on Nutrient Uptake, Transport, and Assimilation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15670. [PMID: 37958654 PMCID: PMC10649217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, the frequency, severity, and duration of heat stress are increasing, impacting plant growth, development, and reproduction. While several studies have focused on the physiological and molecular aspects of heat stress, there is growing concern that crop quality, particularly nutritional content and phytochemicals important for human health, is also negatively impacted. This comprehensive review aims to provide profound insights into the multifaceted effects of heat stress on plant-nutrient relationships, with a particular emphasis on tissue nutrient concentration, the pivotal nutrient-uptake proteins unique to both macro- and micronutrients, and the effects on dietary phytochemicals. Finally, we propose a new approach to investigate the response of plants to heat stress by exploring the possible role of plant peroxisomes in the context of heat stress and nutrient mobilization. Understanding these complex mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to improve plant nutrition and resilience during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Mishra
- Department of Biology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Kim Spaccarotella
- Department of Biology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Jaclyn Gido
- Department of Biology, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Ishita Samanta
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT—Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India (G.C.)
| | - Gopal Chowdhary
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT—Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India (G.C.)
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Zhu C, Zhang M, Wang S, Gao X, Lin T, Yu J, Tian J, Hu Z. Phenolic compound profile and gastrointestinal action of Solanaceae fruits: Species-specific differences. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112968. [PMID: 37316011 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the presence of phenolic compounds derived from four Solanaceae fruits (tomato, pepino, tamarillo, and goldenberry) during gastrointestinal digestion and the effect of these compounds on human gut microbiota was investigated. The results indicated that the total phenolic content of all Solanaceae fruits were increased during digestion. Furthermore, the targeted metabolic analysis identified 296 compounds, of which 71 were changed after gastrointestinal digestion in all Solanaceae fruits. Among these changed phenolic compounds, 51.3% phenolic acids and 91% flavonoids presented higher bioaccessibility in pepino and tamarillo, respectively. Moreover, higher levels of glycoside-formed phenolic acids, including dihydroferulic acid glucoside and coumaric acid glucoside, were found in tomato fruits. In addition, tachioside showed the highest bioaccessibility in goldenberry fruits. The intake of Solanaceae fruits during the in vitro fermentation decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B) compared with the control (∼15-fold change on average), and goldenberry fruits showed the best effect (F/B = 2.1). Furthermore, tamarillo significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and short-chain fatty acids production. Overall, this study revealed that Solanaceae fruits had different phenolic compound profiles and health-promoting effects on the gut microbiota. It also provided relevant information to improve the consumption of Solanaceae fruits, mainly tamarillo and goldenberry fruits, due to their gut health-promoting properties, as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhao Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China.
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Wang Z, Xiao Y, Chang H, Sun S, Wang J, Liang Q, Wu Q, Wu J, Qin Y, Chen J, Wang G, Wang Q. The Regulatory Network of Sweet Corn ( Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Heat Stress Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10845. [PMID: 37446023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is an increasingly significant abiotic stress factor affecting crop yield and quality. This study aims to uncover the regulatory mechanism of sweet corn response to heat stress by integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses of seedlings exposed to normal (25 °C) or high temperature (42 °C). The transcriptome results revealed numerous pathways affected by heat stress, especially those related to phenylpropanoid processes and photosynthesis, with 102 and 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, respectively, and mostly down-regulated in expression. The metabolome results showed that 12 or 24 h of heat stress significantly affected the abundance of metabolites, with 61 metabolites detected after 12 h and 111 after 24 h, of which 42 metabolites were detected at both time points, including various alkaloids and flavonoids. Scopoletin-7-o-glucoside (scopolin), 3-indolepropionic acid, acetryptine, 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone, and 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavanone expression levels were mostly up-regulated. A regulatory network was built by analyzing the correlations between gene modules and metabolites, and four hub genes in sweet corn seedlings under heat stress were identified: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), UDP-glucosyltransferase 73C5 (UGT73C5), LOC103633555, and CTC-interacting domain 7 (CID7). These results provide a foundation for improving sweet corn development through biological intervention or genome-level modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hailong Chang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shengren Sun
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qinggan Liang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingdan Wu
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiantao Wu
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuanxia Qin
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junlv Chen
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qinnan Wang
- Institude of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Šola I, Davosir D, Kokić E, Zekirovski J. Effect of Hot- and Cold-Water Treatment on Broccoli Bioactive Compounds, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Biological Effects of Their Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1135. [PMID: 36903996 PMCID: PMC10005114 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to define resistant and susceptible variables of young broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) plants treated with cold and hot water. Additionally, we wanted to single out variables that could potentially be used as biomarkers of cold/hot-water stress in broccoli. Hot water changed more variables (72%) of young broccoli than cold water (24%) treatment. Hot water increased the concentration of vitamin C for 33%, hydrogen peroxide for 10%, malondialdehyde for 28%, and proline for 147%. Extracts of broccoli stressed with hot water were significantly more efficient in the inhibition of α-glucosidase (65.85 ± 4.85% compared to 52.00 ± 5.16% of control plants), while those of cold-water-stressed broccoli were more efficient in the inhibition of α-amylase (19.85 ± 2.70% compared to 13.26 ± 2.36% of control plants). Total glucosinolates and soluble sugars were affected by hot and cold water in an opposite way, which is why they could be used as biomarkers of hot/cold-water stress in broccoli. The possibility of using temperature stress to grow broccoli enriched with compounds of interest to human health should be further investigated.
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Gmižić D, Pinterić M, Lazarus M, Šola I. High Growing Temperature Changes Nutritional Value of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) Seedlings. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030582. [PMID: 36766111 PMCID: PMC9914779 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature (HT) causes physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which may influence their nutritional potential. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of broccoli seedlings grown at HT on the level of phytochemicals, macro- and microelements, antioxidant capacity, and their extracts' in vitro cytotoxicity. Total phenols, soluble sugars, carotenoids, quercetin, sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric, and gallic acid were induced by HT. Contrarily, total flavonoids, flavonols, phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, proteins, glucosinolates, chlorophyll a and b, and porphyrins were reduced. Minerals As, Co, Cr, Hg, K, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sn increased at HT, while Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, and P decreased. ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene bleaching assay showed higher antioxidant potential of seedlings grown at HT, while DPPH showed the opposite. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were the most sensitive toward broccoli seedling extracts. The significant difference between control and HT-grown broccoli seedling extracts was recorded in mouse embryonal fibroblasts and colorectal carcinoma cells. These results show that the temperature of seedling growth is a critical factor for their nutritional value and the biological effects of their extracts and should definitely be taken into account when growing seedlings for food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gmižić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pinterić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-898-094
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7
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Kurepa J, Shull TE, Smalle JA. Friends in Arms: Flavonoids and the Auxin/Cytokinin Balance in Terrestrialization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:517. [PMID: 36771601 PMCID: PMC9921348 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants survive the challenges of new environments by evolving mechanisms that protect them from excess irradiation, nutrient deficiency, and temperature and water availability fluctuations. One such evolved mechanism is the regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in response to water and nutrient availability by balancing the actions of the hormones auxin and cytokinin. Plant terrestrialization co-occurred with a dramatic expansion in secondary metabolism, particularly with the evolution and establishment of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Flavonoid biosynthesis is responsive to a wide range of stresses, and the numerous synthesized flavonoid species offer two main evolutionary advantages to land plants. First, flavonoids are antioxidants and thus defend plants against those adverse conditions that lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Second, flavonoids aid in protecting plants against water and nutrient deficiency by modulating root development and establishing symbiotic relations with beneficial soil fungi and bacteria. Here, we review different aspects of the relationships between the auxin/cytokinin module and flavonoids. The current body of knowledge suggests that whereas both auxin and cytokinin regulate flavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoids act to fine-tune only auxin, which in turn regulates cytokinin action. This conclusion agrees with the established master regulatory function of auxin in controlling the shoot/root growth ratio.
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Jia K, Zhang X, Meng Y, Liu S, Liu X, Yang T, Wen C, Liu L, Ge S. Metabolomics and transcriptomics provide insights into the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in the roots of developing Aster tataricus. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:139-156. [PMID: 36520245 PMCID: PMC9753034 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aster tataricus (L.) is an important medicinal plant in China. Its roots are rich in flavonoids, the main medicinal components. However, the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in the roots of A. tataricus remains unclear. In this study, the content of total flavonoid of A. tataricus roots at different developmental stages was measured first, and the results showed that the content of total flavonoid gradually decreased from September to November, which may be caused by the stagnation of A. tataricus growth due to the decrease in temperature after September. Then, an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was conducted on five developing stages of A. tataricus roots to identify flavonoid compositions and potential genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 80 flavonoid metabolites, of which 75% were flavonols and flavonoids, were identified in metabolomic analyses, among which isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were the main skeletons of these flavonoids. Cluster analysis divided these 80 flavonoids into 3 clusters. The compounds in cluster I mainly accumulated in S1, S3, and S5. In cluster II, the relative content of the flavonoid metabolites showed an upward trend from S2 to S4. In cluster III, the flavonoids decreased from S1 to S5. A total of 129 structural genes, including 43 PAL, 23 4CL, 9 C4H, 4 CHS, 18 CHI, 3 F3H, 5 F3'H, 1 F3'5'H, 21 FLS, and 2 FSII, and 65 transcription factors, including 22 AP2/ERF, 7 bHLH, 5 bZIP, 8 MYB, 11 NAC, and 12 WRKY, showed significant correlation with total flavonoid content. Eighteen genes (7 4CL, 5 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, and 3 FLS) and 30 genes (5 PAL, 9 4CL, 1 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, 1 DFR, 7 3AT, 1 BZ1, and 3 UGT79B1) were identified as key structural genes for kaempferol and anthocyanins biosynthesis, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. tataricus root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yijiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Taixin Yang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Chunxiu Wen
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Shujun Ge
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Crotti E, Borin S. Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122479. [PMID: 36557733 PMCID: PMC9781135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
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Fernández-Crespo E, Liu-Xu L, Albert-Sidro C, Scalschi L, Llorens E, González-Hernández AI, Crespo O, Gonzalez-Bosch C, Camañes G, García-Agustín P, Vicedo B. Exploiting Tomato Genotypes to Understand Heat Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3170. [PMID: 36432899 PMCID: PMC9696584 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased temperatures caused by climate change constitute a significant threat to agriculture and food security. The selection of improved crop varieties with greater tolerance to heat stress is crucial for the future of agriculture. To overcome this challenge, four traditional tomato varieties from the Mediterranean basin and two commercial genotypes were selected to characterize their responses at high temperatures. The screening of phenotypes under heat shock conditions allowed to classify the tomato genotypes as: heat-sensitive: TH-30, ADX2; intermediate: ISR-10 and Ailsa Craig; heat-tolerant: MM and MO-10. These results reveal the intra-genetical variation of heat stress responses, which can be exploited as promising sources of tolerance to climate change conditions. Two different thermotolerance strategies were observed. The MO-10 plants tolerance was based on the control of the leaf cooling mechanism and the rapid RBOHB activation and ABA signaling pathways. The variety MM displayed a different strategy based on the activation of HSP70 and 90, as well as accumulation of phenolic compounds correlated with early induction of PAL expression. The importance of secondary metabolism in the recovery phase has been also revealed. Understanding the molecular events allowing plants to overcome heat stress constitutes a promising approach for selecting climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Luisa Liu-Xu
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Carlos Albert-Sidro
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel González-Hernández
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Oscar Crespo
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Bosch
- Departament de Bioquímica, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Universitat de València, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Elizalde-Romero CA, Montoya-Inzunza LA, Contreras-Angulo LA, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Solanum Fruits: Phytochemicals, Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability, and Their Relationship With Their Health-Promoting Effects. Front Nutr 2021; 8:790582. [PMID: 34938764 PMCID: PMC8687741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Solanum genus is the largest in the Solanaceae family containing around 2,000 species. There is a great number of edibles obtained from this genus, and globally, the most common are tomato (S. lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum), and eggplant (S. melongena). Other fruits are common in specific regions and countries, for instance, S. nigrum, S. torvum, S. betaceum, and S. stramonifolium. Various reports have shown that flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saponins, and other molecules can be found in these plants. These molecules are associated with various health-promoting properties against many non-communicable diseases, the main causes of death globally. Nonetheless, the transformations of the structure of antioxidants caused by cooking methods and gastrointestinal digestion impact their potential benefits and must be considered. This review provides information about antioxidant compounds, their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and their health-promoting effects. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies must be considered when evaluating the bioactive properties of health-promoting molecules like those from the Solanum genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
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