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Khan RU, Ullah I, Khurshid G, Suboktagin S, Khan AR, Zeb I, Khan ZA, Jamil M, Rha ES, Muhammad Ali H, Ahmad R. Stimulatory effects of smoke solution and biogas digestate slurry application on photosynthesis, growth, and methylation profiling of solanum tuberosum. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2336724. [PMID: 38600704 PMCID: PMC11017950 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2336724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Biostimulants are obtained from various sources like plants, animals, microorganisms, and industrial by-products as well as waste material. Their utilization in agriculture practices is being increased that is giving positive results. The purpose of the current study was to use plant-derived smoke (SMK) solution and biogas digestate (BGD) slurry as biostimulant to elucidate their impact on potato (Solanum tuberosum) performance. The experiment was conducted in lab as well as field conditions, and SMK and BGD solutions were prepared in varying concentrations such as SMK 1:500, SMK 1:250, BGD 50:50, and BGD 75:25. Foliar applications were performed thrice during experiments and data were collected related to photosynthesis, growth, pigments, and genome-wide methylation profiling. Net photosynthesis rate (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) were found higher in SMK- and BGD-treated lab and field grown plants. Among pigments, BGD-treated plants depicted higher levels of Chl a and Chl b while SMK-treated plants showed higher carotenoid levels. Alongside, enhancement in growth-related parameters like leaf number and dry weight was also observed in both lab- and field-treated plants. Furthermore, DNA methylation profile of SMK- and BGD-treated plants depicted variation compared to control. DNA methylation events increased in all the treatments compared to control except for SMK 1:500. These results indicate that smoke and slurry both act as efficient biostimulants which result in better performance of plants. Biostimulants also affected the genome-wide DNA methylation profile that resultantly might have changed the plant gene expression profiling and played its role in plant responsiveness to these biostimulants. However, there is need to elucidate a possible synergistic effect of SMK and BGD on plant growth along with gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Ullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazal Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Suboktagin
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Eui Shik Rha
- Department of Wellbeing Resources, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, South Korea
| | - Hayssam Muhammad Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Zan X, Yan Y, Chen G, Sun L, Wang L, Wen Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Yang Y, Sun W, Cui F. Recent Advances of Oxalate Decarboxylase: Biochemical Characteristics, Catalysis Mechanisms, and Gene Expression and Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10163-10178. [PMID: 38653191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Oxalate decarboxylase (OXDC) is a typical Mn2+/Mn3+ dependent metal enzyme and splits oxalate to formate and CO2 without any organic cofactors. Fungi and bacteria are the main organisms expressing the OXDC gene, but with a significantly different mechanism of gene expression and regulation. Many articles reported its potential applications in the clinical treatment of hyperoxaluria, low-oxalate food processing, degradation of oxalate salt deposits, oxalate acid diagnostics, biocontrol, biodemulsifier, and electrochemical oxidation. However, some questions still remain to be clarified about the role of substrate binding and/or protein environment in modulating the redox properties of enzyme-bound Mn(II)/Mn(III), the nature of dioxygen involved in the catalytic mechanism, and how OXDC acquires Mn(II) /Mn(III). This review mainly summarizes its biochemical and structure characteristics, gene expression and regulation, and catalysis mechanism. We also deep-mined oxalate decarboxylase gene data from National Center for Biotechnology Information to give some insights to explore new OXDC with diverse biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Gege Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Linhan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Wen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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Gulzar F, Ahmad R, Kwan SY, Khan Z, Alharbi SA, Shah MM, Rehman SU, Siddique M, Ansari MJ, Shahzadi I, Saddique MAB, Ishaq MZ, Waheed U. Understanding the role of the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene for enhancing the photosynthetic rate in Arabidopsis thaliana. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24034. [PMID: 38640358 DOI: 10.1071/fp24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) was successfully transformed with the gene fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPas e) and named as AtFBPase plants. Transgenic plants exhibited stable transformation, integration and significantly higher expressions for the transformed gene. Morphological evaluation of transgenic plants showed increased plant height (35cm), number of leaves (25), chlorophyll contents (28%), water use efficiency (increased from 1.5 to 2.6μmol CO2 μmol-1 H2 O) and stomatal conductance (20%), which all resulted in an enhanced photosynthetic rate (2.7μmolm-2 s-1 ) compared to wild type plants. This study suggests the vital role of FBPase gene in the modification of regulatory pathways to enhance the photosynthetic rate, which can also be utilised for economic crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Gulzar
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwan
- Plant System Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bio Sciences and Biotechnology, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zulqurnain Khan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmmad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1451, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 244001, India
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Zahid Ishaq
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
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Supriya L, Dake D, Muthamilarasan M, Padmaja G. Melatonin-mediated regulation of autophagy is independent of ABA under drought stress in sensitive variety of Gossypium hirsutum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108409. [PMID: 38346368 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that plays a crucial role in adaptation of plants to stress conditions. Melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) share an antagonistic relationship; however, both are reported to elevate autophagy individually. Here, we report that melatonin alleviates drought stress effects like wilting and stunted growth in 18-day-old plants of drought-sensitive variety of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and improves the plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and sugar metabolism and transport. Melatonin priming increased the endogenous melatonin content (5.02-times) but decreased the ABA (2.63-times) by reducing NCED3 expression as compared to unprimed plants under drought. Also, elevated expression of ATG8c and ATG8f correlated with higher lipidated-ATG8 levels and modulation of RAPTOR1 suggesting a higher occurrence of autophagy and regulation of plant growth in primed stressed plants. Additionally, decreased TPS63 and increased TPP22 expression could have lowered the accumulation of trehalose-6-P (T6P) in primed stressed plants thus contributing to autophagy progression. Priming also enhanced the expression of MAPK6 and RAF18, and increased the transcript/protein levels of SnRK2.6 and KIN10, which is pointing towards melatonin's beneficial effect on autophagy under drought. Despite higher ABA content, elevated TPS63 and downregulated TPP22 could have hindered autophagy induction in unprimed stressed plants. Although fluridone treatment reduced the ABA content, the expression of SnRK2.6 and KIN10 remained unaltered in fluridone-treated and untreated primed plants indicating the ABA-independent expression. These results suggest that the melatonin-mediated activation of MAPK contributes to the ABA-independent activation of SnRK2, consequently, SnRK1 and autophagy under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laha Supriya
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Deepika Dake
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Gudipalli Padmaja
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
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Smith EN, van Aalst M, Tosens T, Niinemets Ü, Stich B, Morosinotto T, Alboresi A, Erb TJ, Gómez-Coronado PA, Tolleter D, Finazzi G, Curien G, Heinemann M, Ebenhöh O, Hibberd JM, Schlüter U, Sun T, Weber APM. Improving photosynthetic efficiency toward food security: Strategies, advances, and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1547-1563. [PMID: 37660255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in crops and natural vegetation allows light energy to be converted into chemical energy and thus forms the foundation for almost all terrestrial trophic networks on Earth. The efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion plays a crucial role in determining the portion of incident solar radiation that can be used to generate plant biomass throughout a growth season. Consequently, alongside the factors such as resource availability, crop management, crop selection, maintenance costs, and intrinsic yield potential, photosynthetic energy use efficiency significantly influences crop yield. Photosynthetic efficiency is relevant to sustainability and food security because it affects water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, and land use efficiency. This review focuses specifically on the potential for improvements in photosynthetic efficiency to drive a sustainable increase in crop yields. We discuss bypassing photorespiration, enhancing light use efficiency, harnessing natural variation in photosynthetic parameters for breeding purposes, and adopting new-to-nature approaches that show promise for achieving unprecedented gains in photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Smith
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Systems Biology - Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin van Aalst
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute of Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias J Erb
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Gómez-Coronado
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Curien
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Heinemann
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Systems Biology - Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Urte Schlüter
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Song F, Zhou J, Quan M, Xiao L, Lu W, Qin S, Fang Y, Wang D, Li P, Du Q, El-Kassaby YA, Zhang D. Transcriptome and association mapping revealed functional genes respond to drought stress in Populus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829888. [PMID: 35968119 PMCID: PMC9372527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought frequency and severity are exacerbated by global climate change, which could compromise forest ecosystems. However, there have been minimal efforts to systematically investigate the genetic basis of the response to drought stress in perennial trees. Here, we implemented a systems genetics approach that combines co-expression analysis, association genetics, and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping to construct an allelic genetic regulatory network comprising four key regulators (PtoeIF-2B, PtoABF3, PtoPSB33, and PtoLHCA4) under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, Hap_01PtoeIF-2B, a superior haplotype associated with the net photosynthesis, was revealed through allelic frequency and haplotype analysis. In total, 75 candidate genes related to drought stress were identified through transcriptome analyses of five Populus cultivars (P. tremula × P. alba, P. nigra, P. simonii, P. trichocarpa, and P. tomentosa). Through association mapping, we detected 92 unique SNPs from 38 genes and 104 epistatic gene pairs that were associated with six drought-related traits by association mapping. eQTN mapping unravels drought stress-related gene loci that were significantly associated with the expression levels of candidate genes for drought stress. In summary, we have developed an integrated strategy for dissecting a complex genetic network, which facilitates an integrated population genomics approach that can assess the effects of environmental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shitong Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Ali M, Gu T, Yu X, Bashir A, Wang Z, Sun X, Ashraf NM, Li L. Identification of the Genes of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 Required for the Nematicidal Activity Against Caenorhabditis elegans Through an Integrated Approach. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826962. [PMID: 35356513 PMCID: PMC8959697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematicidal potential of the common plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae has been recently identified against Caenorhabditis elegans. The current study was designed to investigate the detailed genetic mechanism of the bacterial pathogenicity by applying comparative genomics, transcriptomics, mutant library screening, and protein expression. Results showed that P. syringae strain MB03 could kill C. elegans in the liquid assay by gut colonization. The genome of P. syringae MB03 was sequenced and comparative analysis including multi locus sequence typing, and genome-to-genome distance placed MB03 in phylogroup II of P. syringae. Furthermore, comparative genomics of MB03 with nematicidal strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and PA14) predicted 115 potential virulence factors in MB03. However, genes for previously reported nematicidal metabolites, such as phenazine, pyochelin, and pyrrolnitrin, were found absent in the MB03 genome. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the growth phase of the pathogen considerably affected the expression of virulence factors, as genes for the flagellum, glutamate ABC transporter, phoP/phoQ, fleS/fleR, type VI secretion system, and serralysin were highly up-regulated when stationary phase MB03 cells interacted with C. elegans. Additionally, screening of a transposon insertion mutant library led to the identification of other nematicidal genes such as acnA, gltP, oprD, and zapE. Finally, the nematicidal activity of selected proteins was confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anum Bashir
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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Walter J, Kromdijk J. Here comes the sun: How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:564-591. [PMID: 34962073 PMCID: PMC9302994 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial activities. However, this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily manifested. Steep increases in human population, shortage of arable land and food, and climate change call for actions, now. Thanks to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century, basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the future. Many different approaches have been proposed in recent years, some of which have already proven successful in different crop species. Here, we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light reactions. These are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walter
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
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