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Huang X, Zhou X, Liu X, Zhong W, Wang X, Ju Z, Yin Y, Xin Q, Liu N, Liu X, Jin Y, Wang G, Wang J, Ma P. Structural and physicochemical effects on the starch quality of the high-quality wheat genotype caused by delayed sowing. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389745. [PMID: 38689937 PMCID: PMC11058212 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bread wheat is one of the most important food crops associated with ensuring food security and human nutritional health. The starch quality is an important index of high-quality wheat. It is affected by a complex series of factors; among which, suitable sowing time is a key factor. Aim and methods To analyze the integrative effects of sowing time on the starch quality of high-quality wheat, in the present study, we selected a high-quality bread wheat cultivar Jinan 17 and investigated the effect of different sowing times on the starch properties and the related genes by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns, apparent amylose content, thermal properties, pasting properties, in vitro starch digestibility, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, we also investigated the agronomic and yield performance that may be associated with the starch properties. Results Delayed sowing had little effect on starch crystalline morphology, but there was a tendency to reduce the formation of crystals within wheat starch granules: (1) delayed sowing for 15 days altered the thermal properties of starch, including onset, peak and termination temperatures, and enthalpy changes; (2) delayed sowing for 30 days changed the thermal characteristics of starch relatively insignificant; (3) significant differences in pasting characteristics occurred: peak viscosity and hold-through viscosity increased, while final viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity tended to increase and then decrease, suggesting that delayed sowing caused changes in the surface of the starch granules resulting in a decrease in digestibility. Analysis of related genes showed that several key enzymes in starch biosynthesis were significantly affected by delayed sowing, leading to a reduction in apparent straight-chain starch content. In addition to starch properties, thousand-kernel weight also increased under delayed sowing conditions compared with normal sowing. Conclusion The impact of delayed sowing on starch quality is multifaceted and complex, from the fine structure, and functional properties of the starch to the regulation of key gene expression. Our study holds significant practical value for optimizing wheat planting management and maximizing the potential in both quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Shandong Seed Administration Station, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zhengchun Ju
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Qingguo Xin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong Zhongnong Tiantai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ximei Liu
- Shandong Zhongnong Tiantai Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yuli Jin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Guie Wang
- Shandong Seed Administration Station, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangchun Wang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Biological Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovative Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Boukhers I, Morel S, Kongolo J, Domingo R, Servent A, Ollier L, Kodja H, Petit T, Poucheret P. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ipomoea batatas Flour and Extracts Obtained by Green Extraction. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6967-6985. [PMID: 37754224 PMCID: PMC10529725 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (SP), Ipomoea batatas Lam, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. It produces edible storage roots. Currently, orange varieties contribute to improving food systems and managing vitamin A deficiency. Processing of this food crop into flour allows better conservation. However, nutrition health data regarding SP flour obtained by green extraction remains scarce. In this study, we therefore explored its phytochemistry and its associated bioactivity potential for human health. We analyzed the nutritional composition of orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) flour and assessed the antioxidant (free radical scavenging) and immunomodulatory (on inflammatory murine macrophages) properties of the extract. More specifically, we measured the impact of OFSP flour extract on mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), and Prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2). Our results indicated significant fiber, mineral, beta-carotene, and polyphenols content in the extracts, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactivities were also demonstrated with a concentration-dependent inhibition of cytokine production. Taken together, our results suggest that Ipomoea batatas flour could, in addition to being a good source of energy and beta-carotene provitamin A, constitute a food of interest for the prophylaxis of metabolic diseases associated with an underlying low-grade inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Boukhers
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Sylvie Morel
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, CEFE, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE-IRD, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Joelle Kongolo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Romain Domingo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Adrien Servent
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Lea Ollier
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hippolyte Kodja
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Thomas Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion, 34093 Sainte-Clotilde, France;
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Montpellier, France; (I.B.); (J.K.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (L.O.); (H.K.)
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Sharma S, Friberg M, Vogel P, Turesson H, Olsson N, Andersson M, Hofvander P. Pho1a (plastid starch phosphorylase) is duplicated and essential for normal starch granule phenotype in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220973. [PMID: 37636090 PMCID: PMC10450146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Reserve starch from seeds and tubers is a crucial plant product for human survival. Much research has been devoted to quantitative and qualitative aspects of starch synthesis and its relation to abiotic factors of importance in agriculture. Certain aspects of genetic factors and enzymes influencing carbon assimilation into starch granules remain elusive after many decades of research. Starch phosphorylase (Pho) can operate, depending on metabolic conditions, in a synthetic and degradative pathway. The plastidial form of the enzyme is one of the most highly expressed genes in potato tubers, and the encoded product is imported into starch-synthesizing amyloplasts. We identified that the genomic locus of a Pho1a-type starch phosphorylase is duplicated in potato. Our study further shows that the enzyme is of importance for a normal starch granule phenotype in tubers. Null mutants created by genome editing display rounded starch granules in an increased number that contained a reduced ratio of apparent amylose in the starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Ranathunga A, Suwannaporn P, Kiatponglarp W, Wansuksri R, Sagis LM. Molecular structure and linear-non linear rheology relation of rice starch during milky, dough, and mature stages. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120812. [PMID: 37059541 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Immature rice has potential to be used as healthy food. The relation between molecular structure and rheological properties was investigated. The lamellar repeating distance (8.42-8.63 nm) and crystalline thickness (4.60-4.72 nm) were not different among stages indicating a complete lamellar structure even at early stage. The relative crystallinity was higher in dough (39.62 %) than milky (36.69 %) and mature starch (35.22 %) caused by molecular structure, amylose, and amylose-lipid complex. The short amylopectin branched chains (A and B1) in dough starch were easily entangled resulted in higher Payne effect and elastic dominant. Dough starch paste exhibited higher G'Max (738 Pa) than milky (685 Pa) and mature (645 Pa) starch. In a non-linear viscoelastic regime, small strain hardening was found in milky and dough starch. Mature starch showed the highest plasticity and shear thinning at high-shear strains as the long-branched chains (B3) microstructure was disrupted, disentangled, followed by chain orientation along shear.
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Fawaz R, Bingham C, Nayebi H, Chiou J, Gilbert L, Park SH, Geiger JH. The Structure of Maltooctaose-Bound Escherichia coli Branching Enzyme Suggests a Mechanism for Donor Chain Specificity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114377. [PMID: 37298853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is the primary storage polysaccharide in bacteria and animals. It is a glucose polymer linked by α-1,4 glucose linkages and branched via α-1,6-linkages, with the latter reaction catalyzed by branching enzymes. Both the length and dispensation of these branches are critical in defining the structure, density, and relative bioavailability of the storage polysaccharide. Key to this is the specificity of branching enzymes because they define branch length. Herein, we report the crystal structure of the maltooctaose-bound branching enzyme from the enterobacteria E. coli. The structure identifies three new malto-oligosaccharide binding sites and confirms oligosaccharide binding in seven others, bringing the total number of oligosaccharide binding sites to twelve. In addition, the structure shows distinctly different binding in previously identified site I, with a substantially longer glucan chain ordered in the binding site. Using the donor oligosaccharide chain-bound Cyanothece branching enzyme structure as a guide, binding site I was identified as the likely binding surface for the extended donor chains that the E. coli branching enzyme is known to transfer. Furthermore, the structure suggests that analogous loops in branching enzymes from a diversity of organisms are responsible for branch chain length specificity. Together, these results suggest a possible mechanism for transfer chain specificity involving some of these surface binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remie Fawaz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney Bingham
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hadi Nayebi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Janice Chiou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lindsey Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Food Service Management and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Hongjidong, Jongnogu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - James H Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Xiao Q, Huang T, Cao W, Ma K, Liu T, Xing F, Ma Q, Duan H, Ling M, Ni X, Liu Z. Profiling of transcriptional regulators associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999747. [PMID: 36110358 PMCID: PMC9468648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Starch presents as the major component of grain endosperm of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and other cereals, serving as the main energy supplier for both plants and animals, as well as important industrial raw materials of human beings, and was intensively concerned world widely. However, few documents focused on the pathway and transcriptional regulations of starch biosynthesis in sorghum. Here we presented the RNA-sequencing profiles of 20 sorghum tissues at different developmental stages to dissect key genes associated with sorghum starch biosynthesis and potential transcriptional regulations. A total of 1,708 highly expressed genes were detected, namely, 416 in grains, 736 in inflorescence, 73 in the stalk, 215 in the root, and 268 genes in the leaf. Besides, 27 genes encoded key enzymes associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum were identified, namely, six for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), 10 for starch synthases (SSs), four for both starch-branching enzymes (SBE) and starch-debranching enzymes (DBEs), two for starch phosphorylases (SPs), and one for Brittle-1 (BT1). In addition, 65 transcription factors (TFs) that are highly expressed in endosperm were detected to co-express with 16 out of 27 genes, and 90 cis-elements were possessed by all 27 identified genes. Four NAC TFs were cloned, and the further assay results showed that three of them could in vitro bind to the CACGCAA motif within the promoters of SbBt1 and SbGBSSI, two key genes associated with starch biosynthesis in sorghum, functioning in similar ways that reported in other cereals. These results confirmed that sorghum starch biosynthesis might share the same or similar transcriptional regulations documented in other cereals, and provided informative references for further regulatory mechanism dissection of TFs involved in starch biosynthesis in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianhui Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan Cao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuang Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyu Xing
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiannan Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Ling
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianlin Ni
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
- Sichuan Sub Center, National Sorghum Improvement Center, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhizhai Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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