High gene flow in the silverlip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima between inshore and offshore sites near Eighty Mile Beach in Western Australia

Sea surface temperature and current-related parameters affecting local adaptation of scalloped spiny lobster population in Indonesia's archipelagic system

The Scalloped Spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus, Linnaeus 1758) known as one of the commercially harvested Panilurid lobster. This species was distributed widely across continents. Indonesia, as one of the largest archipelagic systems in the world, was also distribution area of the Scalloped Spiny lobster. These facts have led to questions regarding spiny lobster harvest and culture management by considering population differentiation and habitat fragmentation on complex and distinct archipelagic islands. Our investigation was conducted using high-density SNPs datasets from several spiny lobsters harvested from five locations in Indonesia. We found strong differentiation among spiny lobster populations clustered into 3 sub-populations. Environment association analysis and Fst analysis revealed outlier loci significantly associated with Sea Surface Temperature variation and potentially correlated with Sea Current-related parameters. The evidence of a structured population of scalloped spiny lobsters in Indonesia can serve as a consideration in the management of spiny lobsters.