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Shi S, Zhang Y, Xing R, Liao M, Wu H, Huang Y, Gao Q, Cao H. Heat shock protein mediates the fumigation activity of terpinen-4-ol and limonene against Tribolium confusum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2025. [PMID: 40331341 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpinen-4-ol and limonene are important active components used to control storage pests, comprising an effective strategy to reduce the utilization of chemical pesticides and postpone the development of resistance. RESULTS Terpinen-4-ol and limonene had significant fumigation activity against Tribolium confusum, which showed positive association with temperature. Two heat shock protein genes (HSPs) (TcfHSP16.8 and TcfHSP19.0) were selected as candidate targets according to RNA-sequencing data. Following RNA interference-mediated silencing of these two genes, T. confusum showed no notable disparity in eclosion rates between temperatures of 28 °C and 40 °C. Subsequent sensitivity assessments using 30% lethal concentrations demonstrated mortality rates of 58.41% (TcfHSP16.8) and 57.10% (TcfHSP19.0) with terpinen-4-ol, and 58.62% (TcfHSP16.8) and 55.95% (TcfHSP19.0) with limonene at 40 °C, respectively. Thus, silencing TcfHSP16.8 and TcfHSP19.0 increased the susceptibility of T. confusum to both compounds at 40 °C, with limonene showing a more pronounced effect. CONCLUSION These results suggested that HSPs mediate and enhance the sensitivity of T. confusum to terpinen-4-ol and limonene, which is important to improve the control to storage pests and reduce the utilization of chemical pesticides. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety, (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Gupta I, Singh R, Muthusamy S, Sharma M, Grewal K, Singh HP, Batish DR. Plant Essential Oils as Biopesticides: Applications, Mechanisms, Innovations, and Constraints. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2916. [PMID: 37631128 PMCID: PMC10458566 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the "Green Revolution" was a great success in significantly increasing crop productivity. However, it involved high ecological costs in terms of excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals, raising concerns about agricultural sustainability. Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides resulted in environmental degradation, the development of pest resistance, and possible dangers to a variety of nontarget species (including plants, animals, and humans). Thus, a sustainable approach necessitates the exploration of viable ecofriendly alternatives. Plant-based biopesticides are attracting considerable attention in this context due to their target specificity, ecofriendliness, biodegradability, and safety for humans and other life forms. Among all the relevant biopesticides, plant essential oils (PEOs) or their active components are being widely explored against weeds, pests, and microorganisms. This review aims to collate the information related to the expansion and advancement in research and technology on the applications of PEOs as biopesticides. An insight into the mechanism of action of PEO-based bioherbicides, bioinsecticides, and biofungicides is also provided. With the aid of bibliometric analysis, it was found that ~75% of the documents on PEOs having biopesticidal potential were published in the last five years, with an annual growth rate of 20.51% and a citation per document of 20.91. Research on the biopesticidal properties of PEOs is receiving adequate attention from European (Italy and Spain), Asian (China, India, Iran, and Saudi Arabia), and American (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States of America) nations. Despite the increasing biopesticidal applications of PEOs and their widespread acceptance by governments, they face many challenges due to their inherent nature (lipophilicity and high volatility), production costs, and manufacturing constraints. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of emerging innovations like the nanoencapsulation of PEOs, bioinformatics, and RNA-Seq in biopesticide development has been proposed. With these novel technological interventions, PEO-based biopesticides have the potential to be used for sustainable pest management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsa Gupta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, India;
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Kamaljit Grewal
- Department of Botany, Khalsa College for Women, Civil Lines, Ludhiana 141001, India;
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Daizy R. Batish
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
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Gao S, Guo X, Liu S, Li S, Zhang J, Xue S, Tang Q, Zhang K, Li R. Cytochrome P450 gene CYP6BQ8 mediates terpinen-4-ol susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:271-281. [PMID: 36636814 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene (CYP6BQ8) from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that TcCYP6BQ8 expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of T. castaneum compared with other developmental stages. Tissue expression profiles showed that TcCYP6BQ8 was mainly expressed in the head and integument of both larvae and adults. The expression profiling of TcCYP6BQ8 in developmental stages and tissues is closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. TcCYP6BQ8 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA interference against TcCYP6BQ8 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.78 to 66.67%. This indicates that TcCYP6BQ8 may be involved in T. castaneum's metabolism of terpinen-4-ol. Correlation investigation between the CYP6BQ8 gene and terpinen-4-ol resistance in T. castaneum revealed that the TcCYP6BQ8 gene was one of the factors behind T. castaneum's resistance to terpinen-4-ol. This discovery may provide a new theoretical foundation for future regulation of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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Du H, Ge R, Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen K, Li C. Transcriptome-wide identification of development related genes and pathways in Tribolium castaneum. Genomics 2023; 115:110551. [PMID: 36566947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development in Tribolium castaneum were poorly understood at the transcriptome level. Currently, we identified 15,756, 9941 and 10,080 differentially expressed transcripts between late eggs VS early larvae, late larvae VS early pupae, and late pupae VS early adults of T. castaneum by RNA-seq, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis on nine genes expression. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DNA replication, cell cycle and insect hormone biosynthesis significantly enriched differentially expressed genes. The transcription of DNA replication and cell cycle genes decreased after hatching but increased after pupation. The juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes decreased after hatching, and the JH degradation genes were stimulated after pupation and eclosion while the ecdysteroid degradation gene CYP18A1 decreased after pupation. Silencing CYP18A1 elevated the titer of ecdysteroids and caused developmental arrest at the late larval stage. This study promotes the understanding of insect growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Runting Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Chengjun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Huang S, Huang H, Xie J, Wang F, Fan S, Yang M, Zheng C, Han L, Zhang D. The latest research progress on the prevention of storage pests by natural products: Species, mechanisms, and sources of inspiration. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lazarević J, Jevremović S, Kostić I, Vuleta A, Manitašević Jovanović S, Kostić M, Šešlija Jovanović D. Assessment of Sex-Specific Toxicity and Physiological Responses to Thymol in a Common Bean Pest Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Front Physiol 2022; 13:842314. [PMID: 35250641 PMCID: PMC8892178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), is one of the most important pests of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Without appropriate management it may cause significant seed loss in storages. In search for means of environmentally safe and effective protection of beans we assessed biological activity of thymol, an oxygenated monoterpene present in essential oils of many aromatic plants. We studied contact toxicity of thymol on bean seeds and its effects on adult longevity and emergence in F1 generation. Furthermore, we determined acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), mixed-function oxidase (MFO), carboxylesterases (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in response to 24 h exposure of beetles to sublethal and lethal thymol concentrations. Our results showed that thymol decreased adult survival, longevity and percentage of adult emergence. Higher median lethal concentration (LC50) was recorded in females indicating their higher tolerance comparing to males. Overall, activities of SOD, CAT and CarE increased at sublethal and MFO increased at both sublethal and lethal thymol concentrations. On the other hand, GST and AChE activities decreased along with the increase in thymol concentrations from sublethal (1/5 of LC50, 1/2 of LC50) to lethal (LC50). Enzyme responses to the presence of thymol on bean seed were sex-specific. In the control group females had lower CarE and higher SOD, CAT and GST activity than males. In treatment groups, females had much higher CAT activity and much lower CarE activity than males. Our results contribute to deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying thymol toxicity and tolerance which should be taken into account in future formulation of a thymol-based insecticide.
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Hassan E, Mostafiz MM, Iramu ET, George D, Lee KY. Evaluation of the Effect of Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol on the Emergence and Adult Parasitoid Survival of Mummies of Cotton Aphids Parasitized by Aphidius colemani. INSECTS 2021; 13:insects13010038. [PMID: 35055883 PMCID: PMC8778611 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biological control can be used as an alternative control measure to reduce pesticide resistance. Unfortunately, many biological control agents, such as natural enemies of pests, are susceptible to a broad spectrum of pesticides. This creates a potential problem when these two components are utilized together. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives that are not harmful to natural enemies but also have the potential to replace synthetic pesticides. Essential oils (EOs) are widely used in crop protection and organic agriculture. The EO formulations evaluated in this study are new botanical pesticides that play an important role in agriculture. EOs are available as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Two blends (Fungatol and Gamma-T-ol) are mostly composed of Alpha Tops, and Gamma Tops were assessed for their effects on the aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani in laboratory and glasshouse trials. According to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) classification, they were found to be safe or only slightly toxic, making them potential candidates for introduction into an integrated pest control program for aphids. Abstract Beneficial insects play a major role in controlling pest populations. In sustainable agricultural production systems, control methods compatible with integrated pest management (IPM) are preferred over broad-spectrum pesticides. EOs from aromatic plants may provide a new and safe alternative to synthetic chemicals. In this research, the efficacy of Fungatol, Gamma-T-ol, Fungatol plus neem, and Gamma-T-ol plus neem was evaluated against Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Aphidiidae), the parasitoid of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, five different concentrations of each formulation were applied to parasitized mummies and adult parasitoids. Results for parasitoid emergence from aphid mummies sprayed with different concentrations of Fungatol, Gamma-T-ol, Fungatol plus neem, and Gamma-T-ol plus neem in the laboratory and glasshouse showed that the formulations did not adversely affect adult emergence as rates above 60% were observed. For residual toxicity tests done by exposing adult parasitoids to a fresh, dry biopesticide film sprayed on glass plates, less than 20% mortality was observed after 48 h of exposure. Adult longevity tests revealed that the highest concentrations of some of the formulations evaluated were slightly toxic to A. colemani. According to the IOBC rating, our results indicated that most of the tested concentrations for each formulation were harmless to A. colemani. Based on the above results, it may be proposed that the formulations evaluated in this study are potential botanical pesticide candidates for incorporation into an IPM program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol Hassan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland Gatton, Lawes, QLD 4343, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)7-5460-1285
| | - Md Munir Mostafiz
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.M.M.); (K.-Y.L.)
| | | | - Doug George
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland Gatton, Lawes, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.M.M.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 39061, Korea
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Jin H, Abouzaid M, Lin Y, Hull JJ, Ma W. Cloning and RNAi-mediated three lethal genes that can be potentially used for Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) management. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104828. [PMID: 33838721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has gained attention in recent years as a viable pest control strategy. Here, RNAi assays were performed to screen the potential functionality of genes in Chilo suppressalis, a serious pest of rice, and to determine their potential for developing a highly targeted molecular control approach. Potential homologs of NADH dehydrogenase (ND), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and male specific lethal 3 (MSL3) were cloned from C. suppressalis, and their spatiotemporal gene expression evaluated. The expression of all three genes was higher in the pupal and adult stages than the larval stages and largely higher in the larval head compared to other tissues. Newly hatched larvae exhibited high mortalities and suppressed growth when fed bacteria producing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) corresponding to the three target genes. This study provides insights into the function of ND, GPDH and MSL3 during C. suppressalis larval development and suggests that all may be candidate gene targets for C. suppressalis pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mostafa Abouzaid
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Liao M, Shi S, Wu H, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Xiao J, Huang Y, Cao H. Effects of terpinen-4-ol fumigation on protein levels of detoxification enzymes in Tribolium confusum. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 103:e21653. [PMID: 31859418 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terpinen-4-ol has high fumigating activity to stored-grain pests including Tribolium confusum. To understand the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol in insects, proteomic analysis was performed to identify related proteins and pathways in response to terpinen-4-ol fumigation in T. confusum. By using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based strategy, 4,618 proteins were obtained from T. confusum adults in the present study. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that 148 proteins were upregulated and 137 proteins were downregulated in beetles under the LC50 of terpinen-4-ol treatment for 24 hr. According to functional classifications, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism pathways. In the detoxification pathway, the levels of 25 cytochrome P450s, 5 glutathione S-transferases, and 2 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases were changed, most of which were upregulated in T. confusum exposed to terpinen-4-ol. The results indicated that terpinen-4-ol was potentially metabolized and detoxified by enzymes like P450s in T. confusum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Su Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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