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Kuo CY, Yang WW, Su ECY. Improving dengue fever predictions in Taiwan based on feature selection and random forests. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:334. [PMID: 38509486 PMCID: PMC10953060 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a well-studied vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Several methods for predicting the occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan have been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the relationship between air quality indices (AQIs) and dengue fever in Taiwan. RESULTS This study aimed to develop a dengue fever prediction model in which meteorological factors, a vector index, and AQIs were incorporated into different machine learning algorithms. A total of 805 meteorological records from 2013 to 2015 were collected from government open-source data after preprocessing. In addition to well-known dengue-related factors, we investigated the effects of novel variables, including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm (PM10), PM2.5, and an ultraviolet index, for predicting dengue fever occurrence. The collected dataset was randomly divided into an 80% training set and a 20% test set. The experimental results showed that the random forests achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9547 for the test set, which was the best compared with the other machine learning algorithms. In addition, the temperature was the most important factor in our variable importance analysis, and it showed a positive effect on dengue fever at < 30 °C but had less of an effect at > 30 °C. The AQIs were not as important as temperature, but one was selected in the process of filtering the variables and showed a certain influence on the final results. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate that AQI negatively affects dengue fever occurrence in Taiwan. The proposed prediction model can be used as an early warning system for public health to prevent dengue fever outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Kuo
- Smart Healthcare Interdisciplinary College, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No.365, Mingde Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112303, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.301, Yuantong Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.301, Yuantong Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan
| | - Emily Chia-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.301, Yuantong Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23564, Taiwan.
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No.252 Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan.
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Alton LA, Novelo M, Beaman JE, Arnold PA, Bywater CL, Kerton EJ, Lombardi EJ, Koh C, McGraw EA. Exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation increases the susceptibility of mosquitoes to infection with dengue virus. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5540-5551. [PMID: 37560790 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
By 2100, greenhouse gases are predicted to reduce ozone and cloud cover over the tropics causing increased exposure of organisms to harmful ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR). UVBR damages DNA and is an important modulator of immune function and disease susceptibility in humans and other vertebrates. The effect of UVBR on invertebrate immune function is largely unknown, but UVBR together with ultraviolet-A radiation impairs an insect immune response that utilizes melanin, a pigment that also protects against UVBR-induced DNA damage. If UVBR weakens insect immunity, then it may make insect disease vectors more susceptible to infection with pathogens of socioeconomic and public health importance. In the tropics, where UVBR is predicted to increase, the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), is prevalent and a growing threat to humans. We therefore examined the effect of UVBR on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for DENV, to better understand the potential implications of increased tropical UVBR for mosquito-borne disease risk. We found that exposure to a UVBR dose that caused significant larval mortality approximately doubled the probability that surviving females would become infected with DENV, despite this UVBR dose having no effect on the expression of an effector gene involved in antiviral immunity. We also found that females exposed to a lower UVBR dose were more likely to have low fecundity even though this UVBR dose had no effect on larval size or activity, pupal cuticular melanin content, or adult mass, metabolic rate, or flight capacity. We conclude that future increases in tropical UVBR associated with anthropogenic global change may have the benefit of reducing mosquito-borne disease risk for humans by reducing mosquito fitness, but this benefit may be eroded if it also makes mosquitoes more likely to be infected with deadly pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Alton
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario Novelo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julian E Beaman
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Candice L Bywater
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Kerton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Lombardi
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A McGraw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Kumar G, Ojha VP, Pasi S, Dhiman RC. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on immature stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:382-385. [PMID: 38174515 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.374043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Understanding the influence of ultraviolet light on organisms is important for examining the hazards of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, little is known about the biological toxicity of ultraviolet light against mosquitoes, which are regularly exposed to UV light. This study was planned to determine the impact of UV radiation on different aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefaciatus mosquitoes. Methods We exposed I/II instar larvae, III/IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes to UV radiation of 253 nm wavelength in a closed chamber of 30×30 cm. The exposure was done for different time intervals viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 minutes and so on. Development of larvae/pupae to adult stage was monitored daily and mortality, if any, was recorded. Results Development of I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus to pupal stage was unsuccessful at an exposure time of one minute while only 1.7% pupation occurred in I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti upon similar exposure. When III/IV stage larvae were exposed to UV light, pupal development occurred only at 30seconds and one-minute exposure in An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus but in Ae. aegypti, no pupation occurred with one-minute exposure. With four-minute UV exposure of pupae, no adult emerged in Ae. aegypti; 33.3% adult emerged in An. stephensi and 66.7% adult emerged in Cx. quinquefaciatus. Interpretation & conclusion Our results show that UV radiation results in developmental arrest of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - V P Ojha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Pasi
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh C Dhiman
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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Villena OC, Sullivan JH, Landa ER, Yarwood SA, Torrents A, Zhang A, Leisnham PT. The Role of Tire Leachate in Condition-Specific Competition and the Persistence of a Resident Mosquito from a Competitively Superior Invader. INSECTS 2022; 13:969. [PMID: 36354795 PMCID: PMC9693511 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Condition-specific competition, when the outcome of competition varies with abiotic conditions, can facilitate species coexistence in spatially or temporally variable environments. Discarded vehicle tires degrade to leach contaminants into collected rainwater that provide habitats for competing mosquito species. We tested the hypothesis that more highly degraded tires that contain greater tire leachate alters interspecific mosquito competition to produce a condition-specific advantage for the resident, Culex pipiens, by altering the outcome of competition with the competitively superior invasive Aedes albopictus. (2) Methods: In a competition trial, varying densities of newly hatched Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens larvae were added to tires that had been exposed to three different ultraviolet (UV)-B conditions that mimicked full-sun, shade, or no UV-B conditions in the field. We also measured Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus oviposition preference among four treatments with varying tire leachate (high and low) and resources (high and low) amounts to determine if adult gravid females avoided habitats with higher tire leachate. (3) Results: We found stronger competitive effects of Cx. pipiens on the population performance and survival of Ae. albopictus in tires exposed to shade and full-sun conditions that had higher concentrations of contaminants. Further, zinc concentration was higher in emergent adults of Ae. albopictus than Cx. pipiens. Oviposition by these species was similar between tire leachate treatments but not by resource amount. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that degraded tires with higher tire leachate may promote condition-specific competition by reducing the competitive advantage of invasive Ae. albopictus over resident Cx. pipiens and, combined with Cx. pipiens' preferential oviposition in higher resource sites, contribute to the persistence of the resident species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo C. Villena
- Marine Estuarine & Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Joseph H. Sullivan
- Department of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Edward R. Landa
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Yarwood
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alba Torrents
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Paul T. Leisnham
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Sang H, Li Y, Sun C. Conservation Genomic Analysis of the Asian Honeybee in China Reveals Climate Factors Underlying Its Population Decline. INSECTS 2022; 13:953. [PMID: 36292899 PMCID: PMC9604051 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian honeybee, Apis cerana, is one of the most important native pollinators in Asia. Asian honeybees were believed to be under significant decline in China based on a report in 2005. On the contrary, a recent survey revealed that Asian honeybee populations in China are stable and even slightly increased in some regions. Therefore, the declining status of A. cerana populations in China is still unclear. Taking advantage of the abundant, publicly available genomic data for Asian honeybees in China, we employed conservation genomics methods to understand if Asian honeybee populations in China are declining and what the underlying climate factors are. We reconstructed the changes of effective population size (Ne) within the recent past for 6 population groups of Asian honeybees and found out that only one of them (population in Bomi, Tibet) showed a consistently declining Ne from the last 100 generations to 25 generations. Selective sweep analysis suggests that genes related to the tolerance of low temperatures and strong ultraviolet radiation are under selection in the declining population, indicating that these two climate factors most likely underlie the decline of BM populations during the recent past. Our study provides insights into the dynamic changes of Asian honeybee populations in China and identifies climate factors that underlie its population decline, which is valuable for the conservation of this important pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Sang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yancan Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a global distribution that is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Culex species mosquitoes and avian hosts. Human infection, which occurs as a result of spillover from this cycle, is generally subclinical or results in a self-limiting febrile illness. Central nervous system infection occurs in a minority of infections and can lead to long-term neurological complications and, rarely, death. WNV is the most prevalent arthropod-borne virus in the United States. Climate change can influence several aspects of WNV transmission including the vector, amplifying host, and virus. Climate change is broadly predicted to increase WNV distribution and risk across the globe, yet there will likely be significant regional variability and limitations to this effect. Increases in temperature can accelerate mosquito and pathogen development, drive increases in vector competence for WNV, and also alter mosquito life history traits including longevity, blood feeding behavior and fecundity. Precipitation, humidity and drought also impact WNV transmissibility. Alteration in avian distribution, diversity and phenology resulting from climate variation add additional complexity to these relationships. Here, we review WNV epidemiology, transmission, disease and genetics in the context of laboratory studies, field investigations, and infectious disease models under climate change. We summarize how mosquito genetics, microbial interactions, host dynamics, viral strain, population size, land use and climate account for distinct relationships that drive WNV activity and discuss how these dynamic and evolving interactions could shape WNV transmission and disease under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Fay
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Alexander C Keyel
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States; Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
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7
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Yang CL, Meng JY, Zhou L, Zhang CY. Induced heat shock protein 70 confers biological tolerance in UV-B stress-adapted Myzus persicae (Hemiptera). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1146-1154. [PMID: 36041575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As an environmental stress factor, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation directly affects insect growth, development, and reproduction. Heat shock protein 70s kDa (Hsp70s) plays an important role in the environmental adaptation of insects. To determine the role of MpHsp70s in the UV-B tolerance of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), we identified the complete complementary DNA sequences of seven MpHsp70s. They were found to be ubiquitously expressed during different developmental stages and were highly expressed in second-instar nymphs and wingless adults. The expression levels of the MpHsp70s were significantly upregulated when exposed to different durations of UV-B stress. Nanocarrier-mediated dsMpHsp70 suppressed the expression of the MpHsp70s and reduced the body length, weight, survival rate, and fecundity of M. persicae under UV-B exposure. When the combinational RNAi approach was adopted, the effects on the survival rate and fecundity were greater under UV-B stress, except for MpHsc70-4. These results suggest that MpHsp70s are essential for the resistance of M. persicae to UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Burrows JE, Copplestone D, Raines KE, Beresford NA, Tinsley MC. Ecologically relevant radiation exposure triggers elevated metabolic rate and nectar consumption in bumblebees. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Burrows
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - David Copplestone
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | | | | | - Matthew C. Tinsley
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
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9
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Li C, Yuan W, Gou Y, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Zhou JJ, Liu C. The Impact of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Sugar Contents and Protective Enzymes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. INSECTS 2021; 12:1053. [PMID: 34940141 PMCID: PMC8708437 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic changes have been altering many environmental factors. These include the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. However, the effects of solar radiation on insect physiology have received little attention. As a pest for agriculture and horticulture, aphids are one of the most difficult pest groups to control due to their small size, high fecundity, and non-sexual reproduction. Study of the effects of UV-B radiation on aphid physiology may provide alternative control strategies in pest management. In this study, we examined the effects of UV-B radiation on protein and sugar contents, as well as the activities of protective enzymes, of the red and green morphs of the pea aphid over eight generations. The results indicated a significant interaction between UV-B radiation and aphid generations. Exposure of the pea aphids to UV-B radiation caused a significant decrease in the protein content and a significant increase in the glycogen and trehalose contents at each generation as measured in whole aphid bioassays. The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of the pea aphids changed significantly at each generation with UV-B treatments. The SOD activity increased over eight generations to the highest level at G7 generation. However, the enzyme activity of CAT first increased and then decreased with UV-B treatments, and POD mostly gradually decreased over the eight generations. Therefore, UV-B radiation is an environmental factor that could result in physiological changes of the pea aphid. Moreover, our study discovered that red and green aphids did not display a significant consistent difference in the response to the UV-B treatments. These results may prove useful in future studies especially for assessing their significance in the adaptation and management against UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Weining Yuan
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Yuping Gou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Qiangyan Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changzhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Y.G.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (J.-J.Z.)
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10
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Gaudreau M, Guerra-Grenier E, Abram PK, Brodeur J. Photoprotective egg pigmentation reduces negative carryover effects of ultraviolet radiation on stink bug nymph survival. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 133:104273. [PMID: 34181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) can have a wide range of negative effects on animal fitness that take place not only during, but also after exposure (carryover effects). UV-induced carryover effects and potential adaptations to avoid or mitigate them are understudied in terrestrial animals, including arthropods and their potentially most vulnerable life stages. The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris, increases the emergence of its eggs that are exposed to UV radiation by coating them in sunscreen-like pigmentation, but consequences of these conditions of embryonic development for nymphs and adults are unknown. We measured stink bug nymph survival, adult size and sex ratio following exposure of differently pigmented eggs across a range of UV intensities. Nymph survival to adulthood decreased with higher intensity of embryonic UV exposure and this carryover effect decreased with higher level of egg pigmentation, similar to previously observed effects on embryonic survival. Nymph development time, adult size and sex ratio were not affected by embryonic exposure to UV radiation nor by photoprotective egg pigmentation. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential for lethal carryover effects of UV radiation in terrestrial insects, highlighting the need for more studies of how this pervasive environmental stressor can affect fitness across life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gaudreau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Eric Guerra-Grenier
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Redpath Museum, Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke W, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Paul K Abram
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - Jacques Brodeur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke E, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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Yang CL, Meng JY, Yao MS, Zhang CY. Transcriptome Analysis of Myzus persicae to UV-B Stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6281128. [PMID: 34021758 PMCID: PMC8140603 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental stress factor, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation directly affects the growth and development of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). How M. persicae responds to UV-B stress and the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation remain unknown. Here, we analyzed transcriptome data for M. persicae following exposure to UV-B radiation for 30 min. We identified 758 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following exposure to UV-B stress, including 423 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes. In addition, enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases illustrated that these DEGs are associated with antioxidation and detoxification, metabolic and protein turnover, immune response, and stress signal transduction. Simultaneously, these DEGs are closely related to the adaptability to UV-B stress. Our research can raise awareness of the mechanisms of insect responses to UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Shuang Yao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Singh H, Singh N, Mall RK. Japanese Encephalitis and Associated Environmental Risk Factors in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A time series analysis from 2001 to 2016. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105701. [PMID: 32956640 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
India and other Southeast Asian countries are severely affected by Japanese encephalitis (JE), one of the deadliest vector-borne disease threat to human health. Several epidemiological observations suggest climate variables play a role in providing a favorable environment for mosquito development and virus transmission. In this study, generalized additive models were used to determine the association of JE admissions and mortality with climate variables in Gorakhpur district, India, from 2001-2016. The model predicted that every 1 unit increase in mean (Tmean;°C), and minimum (Tmin;°C) temperature, rainfall (RF; mm) and relative humidity (RH; %) would on average increase the JE admissions by 22.23 %, 17.83 %, 0.66 %, and 5.22 % respectively and JE mortality by 13.27 %, 11.77 %, 0.94 %, and 3.27 % respectively Conversely, every unit decrease in solar radiation (Srad; MJ/m2/day) and wind speed (WS; Kmph) caused an increase in JE admission by 17% and 11.42% and in JE mortality by 9.37% and 4.88% respectively suggesting a protective effect at higher levels. The seasonal analysis shows that temperature was significantly associated with JE in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon while RF, RH, Srad, and WS are associated with the monsoon. Effect modification due to age and gender showed an equal risk for both genders and increased risk for adults above 15 years of age, however, males and age groups under 15 years outnumbered females and adults. Sensitivity analysis results to explore lag effects in climate variables showed that climate variables show the strongest association at lag 1 to 1.5 months with significant lag effect up tp lag 0-60 days. The exposure-response curve for climate variables showed a more or less linear relationship, with an increase in JE admissions and mortality after a certain threshold and decrease were reported at extreme levels of exposure. The study concludes that climate variables could influence the JE vector development and multiplication and parasite maturation and transmission in the Gorakhpur region whose indirect impact was noted for JE admission and mortality. In response to the changing climate, public health interventions, public awareness, and early warning systems would play an unprecedented role to compensate for future risk.
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Alwaneen WS, Husain M, Rasool KG, Alwatban MA, Salman S, Shaheen FA, Alduailij MA, Aldawood AS. Prediction of survival ratios of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) different life stages after treated with ultraviolet radiation in dates. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1358-1363. [PMID: 31762596 PMCID: PMC6864215 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm, is a tree of economic importance which is grown around the world, including Saudi Arabia. Its fruit is nutritious and possesses medicinal benefits. Almond moth, is a serious date fruits pest in the field as well as in the storage and causes severe economic losses. In the given research, ultraviolet radiation type B (UV-B, 315 nm) harmful effects were evaluated against all developmental stages of C. cautella. One and 3-d-old eggs, 12 and 18-d-old larvae, 1-d and 6-d-old pupae, and 1-d-old adults, were exposed to UV-B for different intervals. Eggs were exposed for 0–30 min and 0% hatchability was achieved both for 1-d and 3-d-old eggs after 30 min. The larvae were exposed for 6–24 h, and after 24 h, mortality was 100 and 97% for 12 and 18-d-old larvae, respectively. Similarly, the pupae were exposed for 0–30 h, and 100% mortality was achieved after 30 h for 1-d-old pupae. Furthermore, none of the 6-d-old pupae emerged as an adult after 12 h of exposure. When adults were exposed for 1–4 d, no mortality was observed; however, UV-B reduced fecundity and hatchability in the treated adults. The susceptibility order was as follows: eggs > larvae > pupae > adults. Several uncharacteristic behaviors of C. cautella were noted, such as females depositing eggs openly on food items and containers, mature larvae exiting from food, larvae starting to wander for pupation, and pupation occurring typically outside the food. The application of UV-B could be an effective management strategy because all developmental stages of C. cautella were susceptible to UV-B that might be helpful to protect the dates from C. cautella infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S. Alwaneen
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A. Alwatban
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehzad Salman
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A. Shaheen
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.O. Box 46300, Pakistan
| | - Mona A. Alduailij
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 8957, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of Detritus on the Mosquito Culex pipiens: Phragmites and Schedonorus (Festuca) Invasion Affect Population Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214118. [PMID: 31731533 PMCID: PMC6862490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Species interactions that influence the performance of the exotic mosquito Culex pipiens can have important effects on the transmission risk of West Nile virus (WNV). Invasive plants that alter the vegetation communities of ephemeral ground pools may facilitate or resist the spread of C. pipiens (L.) by altering allochthonous inputs of detritus in those pools. To test this hypothesis, we combined field surveys of roadside stormwater ditches with a laboratory microcosm experiment to examine relationships between C. pipiens performance and water quality in systems containing detritus from invasive Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud., introduced Schedonorusarundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., or native Juncus effusus L. or Typha latifolia L. In ditches, C. pipiens abundance was unrelated to detritus species but female C. pipiens were significantly larger from ditches with S. arundinaceus and smaller with J. effusus. Larger and smaller C. pipiens were also produced in microcosms provisioned with S. arundinaceus and J. effusus, respectively, yet the per capita rate of population of change did not vary. Larger females from habitats with S. arundinaceus were likely caused by faster decay rates of S. arundinaceus and resultant increases in microbial food, but lower survival as a result of fouling and higher tannin-lignin concentrations resulted in little changes to overall population performance. Larger female mosquitoes have been shown to have greater potential for transmitting arboviruses. Our findings suggest that changed community-level interactions from plant invasions in urban ephemeral ground pools can affect the fitness of C. pipiens and possibly increase WNV risk.
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