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Ruiz-García M, Escobar-Armel P, Martínez-Agüero M, Gaviria M, Álvarez D, Pinedo M, Shostell JM. Are There Barriers Separating the Pink River Dolphin Populations ( Inia boliviensis, Iniidae, Cetacea) within the Mamoré-Iténez River Basins (Bolivia)? An Analysis of Its Genetic Structure by Means of Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Markers. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1012. [PMID: 39202372 PMCID: PMC11353456 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The pink river dolphin, or bufeo, is one of the dolphins which lives in the rivers of the Orinoco and Amazon basins in South America. The Bolivian bufeo population is considered a differentiated species (Inia boliviensis) from the Amazon and Orinoco species (Inia geoffrensis). Until now, no study has completed an extensive population genetics analysis of the bufeo in Bolivian rivers. We analyzed 82 bufeos from different rivers from the Mamoré and Iténez (Guaporé) river basins for the mt control region (CR), nuclear microsatellites, and DQB-1 gene sequences to determine if the inner rapids of these Bolivian river basins have some influence on the genetic structure of this species. The first relevant result was that the genetic diversity for CR, and the microsatellites were substantially lower in the Bolivian bufeos than in the dolphins studied in other areas of the Amazon and Orinoco. However, the DQB-1 gene sequences yielded similar genetic diversity to those found in other areas. The second relevant result is the existence of some significant genetic heterogeneity among the bufeo populations within Bolivia, although in a small degree, but this differentiation is independent of the inner rapids of the Bolivian rivers we sampled. The third relevant result was the existence of significant isolation by distance for the CR, but not for microsatellites and DQB-1 gene sequences. This was related to differential gene flow capacity of females (philopatric) and males (less philopatric and more migrants) and, possibly, to different selective patterns affecting the molecular markers studied. The fourth relevant result was related to diverse demographic changes of these bufeos. At least two or three bottleneck events and one or two population expansions have occurred in the Bolivian bufeo population. The major part of these events occurred during the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ruiz-García
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7A No 43-82, Bogotá 110311, DC, Colombia; (P.E.-A.); (M.G.); (D.Á.); (M.P.)
| | - Pablo Escobar-Armel
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7A No 43-82, Bogotá 110311, DC, Colombia; (P.E.-A.); (M.G.); (D.Á.); (M.P.)
| | - María Martínez-Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111321, DC, Colombia;
| | - Magda Gaviria
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7A No 43-82, Bogotá 110311, DC, Colombia; (P.E.-A.); (M.G.); (D.Á.); (M.P.)
| | - Diana Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7A No 43-82, Bogotá 110311, DC, Colombia; (P.E.-A.); (M.G.); (D.Á.); (M.P.)
| | - Myreya Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7A No 43-82, Bogotá 110311, DC, Colombia; (P.E.-A.); (M.G.); (D.Á.); (M.P.)
| | - Joseph Mark Shostell
- Math, Science and Technology Department, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, MN 56716, USA;
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Rocha MFG, Diógenes EM, Carvalho VL, Marmontel M, da Costa MO, da Silva VMF, de Souza Amaral R, Gravena W, do Carmo NAS, Marigo J, Ocadaque CJ, Freitas AS, Pinheiro RM, de Lima-Neto RG, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, de Melo Guedes GM, Sidrim JJC, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D. Virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria from free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:447-462. [PMID: 36841923 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cetaceans play a significant role as sentinel animals, providing important data on animal species and aquatic ecosystem health. They also may serve as potential reservoirs of emerging pathogens and host virulence genes in their microbiota. In this study, we evaluated virulence factors produced by Gram-negative bacteria recovered from individuals belonging to two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). A total of 132 isolates recovered from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum of 21 river dolphins, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil, were evaluated for the production of virulence factors, such as biofilms and exoproducts (proteases, hemolysins and siderophores), in planktonic and biofilm forms. In planktonic form, 81.1% (107/132) of the tested bacteria of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins were able to produce virulence factors, with 44/132 (33.4%), 65/132 (49,2%) and 54/132 (40,9%) positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production, respectively. Overall, 57/132 (43.2%) of the isolates produced biofilms and, under this form of growth, 66/132 (50%), 88/132 (66.7%) and 80/132 (60.6%) of the isolates were positive for protease, hemolysin and siderophore production. In general, the isolates showed a higher release of exoproducts in biofilm than in planktonic form (P < 0.001). The present findings show that Amazon river dolphins harbor potentially pathogenic bacteria in their microbiota, highlighting the importance of monitoring the micro-organisms from wild animals, as they may emerge as pathogens for humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa E Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Av. José Alencar, 150. Praia de Iparana, CEP. 61.627-210, Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil.
| | - Miriam Marmontel
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vera M F da Silva
- National Institute of Amazon Research-Inpa/Aquatic Mammals Laboratory, Manaus, Amazon, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Souza Amaral
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Amazonas - IFAM, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Waleska Gravena
- Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Campus Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nívia A S do Carmo
- Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Eastern Amazon-EMBRAPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marigo
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (LAPCOM, FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado Pinheiro
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil. .,Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil.
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil.,Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza, CEP: 60.430-275, FortalezaCeará, Brazil
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Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Aliaga-Rossel E, Beasley I, Briceño Y, Caballero S, da Silva VMF, Gilleman C, Gravena W, Hines E, Shahnawaz Khan M, Khan U, Kreb D, Mangel JC, Marmontel M, Mei Z, Mintzer VJ, Mosquera-Guerra F, Oliveira-da_Costa MO, Paschoalini Frias M, Paudel S, Sinha RK, Smith BD, Turvey ST, Utreras V, Van Damme PA, Wang D, Sayuri Whitty T, Thurstan RH, Godley BJ. Challenges and priorities for river cetacean conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rocha MFG, Diógenes EM, Carvalho VL, Marmontel M, da Costa MO, da Silva VMF, de Souza Amaral R, Gravena W, do Carmo NAS, Marigo J, Ocadaque CJ, Freitas AS, Pinheiro RM, de Lima-Neto RG, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, de Aquino Pereira-Neto W, de Melo Guedes GM, Sidrim JJC, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D. One Health Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Amazon River Dolphins. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:383-396. [PMID: 34709509 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the microbiota of freshwater cetaceans are scarce and may provide important data on animal and environmental health. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from two populations of free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis). Twenty-one animals were captured and released, 13 from Negro River and 8 from Tapajós River, Brazil. Swab samples were obtained from the oral cavity, blowhole, genital opening and rectum and were cultured on MacConkey agar. Isolates were biochemically identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion method. Overall, 132 isolates were recovered, of which 71 were recovered from animals from Negro River and 61 from Tapajós River. The most commonly recovered bacterial species were Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed (P < 0.001). The results indicate that free-ranging Amazon river dolphins host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment. This study highlights the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Summary Gram-negative bacteria recovered from 21 free-ranging Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) from the Negro River and the Tapajós River populations were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, 51.6% (63/122) of the isolates were not-susceptible (intermediate resistance and resistance), of which 28/122 (22.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Cephalothin, cefuroxime and cefepime were the drugs to which more resistant and intermediate results were observed. Thus, free-ranging Amazon river dolphins, never treated with antimicrobials, host resistant bacteria, contributing for their maintenance in the environment and highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa E Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Av. José Alencar, 150. Praia de IparanaCEP 61.627-210, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Miriam Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Vera M F da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia -INPA/Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Souza Amaral
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência eTecnologia Do Amazonas - IFAMZona Leste - CMZL, Campus Manaus, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Waleska Gravena
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Campus Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nívia A S do Carmo
- Associação Amigos Do Peixe-Boi-AMPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Bioma, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marigo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (LAPCOM, FMVZ-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida Professor Moraes Rêgo, Universitária - CEP:, S/N - Cidade, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil.
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315. Fortaleza60.430-275, Ceará, CEP, Brazil
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