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Yu Z, Xu Z, Fu T, Liu S, Cui J, Zhang B, Liang J, Pang C, Ke Y, Wang R, Tang Z, Gao Y, Du B, Feng Y, Zhao H, Xue G, Yan C, Gan L, Feng J, Fan Z, Yang Y, Huang L, Zhao S, Ying S, Gu Q, Yuan J. Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3516. [PMID: 40229254 PMCID: PMC11997228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we show the epidemiological characteristics and peripheral blood cell indices of 1209 pediatric patients (1-15 years old) diagnosed with AH, and find that AH is often accompanied by TH and characterized by specific changes in immune cell types. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis show that 12 paired AH and TH samples contain large numbers of B, T cells and some exhausted effector memory CD4+ T cells. Compared with matched TH, AH have more naïve B cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells and less plasma B cells. Weaker antigen presentation and more significant immunosuppression are also observed in AH. In contrast, the number and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells decrease with AH grade. These findings will help our understanding of the immune response to nasopharyngeal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- Military supplies and energy quality supervision station of Bejing, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jinghua Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jieqiong Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chong Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuehua Ke
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ruikun Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhijie Tang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yagang Gao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bing Du
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sun Ying
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qinglong Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Capital Center For Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Singla RK, Mondal H, Singla S, De R, Behzad S, Găman MA, Sai Chandragiri S, Cenanovic M, Patra JK, Depew JR, Boyina HK, Maigoro AY, Lee S, Atrooz OM, Das G, Schultz F, Abdallah EM, Chopra H, Ahmad J, Gautam RK, Patnaik SS, Goh BH, Babiaka SB, Vats S, Okoh MP, Ahmed AF, Dubey AK, Lordan R, Subramani PA, Singh AK, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Chellappan DK, Paswan SK, Semwal P, Khan J, Sheshe S, Sethiya NK, Karpiński TM, Riaz M, Emam-Djomeh Z, Gupta GK, Madaan R, Kumar S, Choudhary N, Parisi S, Willschke H, Pirgozliev V, Rayan RA, Ritschl V, Mondal S, Zengin G, Verma P, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Balla GOA, Le DK, Pittalà V, El-Demerdash A, Khalid GM, Simal-Gandara J, Alzahrani QE, Russo GL, Kharat KR, Bishayee A, Wang D, Orhan IE, Ullah H, Heinrich M, Baral B, Tzvetkov NT, Yeung AWK, Dias-Ferreira JM, Olea SP, Mohanta YK, Kureshi AA, Supuran CT, Rani N, Gundamaraju R, Mulholland EJ, Lonardo SD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, González-Burgos E, Hritcu L, Badhe P, Singh A, Al-Rimawi F, Sureda A, Abiri R, Braidy N, Kapral L, Abdullahi A, Medina CDV, Sheridan H, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Giampieri F, Barreca D, Maria WA, Andrade JC, Fimognari C, et alSingla RK, Mondal H, Singla S, De R, Behzad S, Găman MA, Sai Chandragiri S, Cenanovic M, Patra JK, Depew JR, Boyina HK, Maigoro AY, Lee S, Atrooz OM, Das G, Schultz F, Abdallah EM, Chopra H, Ahmad J, Gautam RK, Patnaik SS, Goh BH, Babiaka SB, Vats S, Okoh MP, Ahmed AF, Dubey AK, Lordan R, Subramani PA, Singh AK, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Chellappan DK, Paswan SK, Semwal P, Khan J, Sheshe S, Sethiya NK, Karpiński TM, Riaz M, Emam-Djomeh Z, Gupta GK, Madaan R, Kumar S, Choudhary N, Parisi S, Willschke H, Pirgozliev V, Rayan RA, Ritschl V, Mondal S, Zengin G, Verma P, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Balla GOA, Le DK, Pittalà V, El-Demerdash A, Khalid GM, Simal-Gandara J, Alzahrani QE, Russo GL, Kharat KR, Bishayee A, Wang D, Orhan IE, Ullah H, Heinrich M, Baral B, Tzvetkov NT, Yeung AWK, Dias-Ferreira JM, Olea SP, Mohanta YK, Kureshi AA, Supuran CT, Rani N, Gundamaraju R, Mulholland EJ, Lonardo SD, Dinkova-Kostova AT, González-Burgos E, Hritcu L, Badhe P, Singh A, Al-Rimawi F, Sureda A, Abiri R, Braidy N, Kapral L, Abdullahi A, Medina CDV, Sheridan H, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Giampieri F, Barreca D, Maria WA, Andrade JC, Fimognari C, Akram F, Tikhonov A, Battino M, Oladipupo AR, Emerald M, Efferth T, Amrani S, Echeverría J, Maria Louka A, Tripathi SK, Fiebich BL, Es-Safi NE, Khan SY, Chavda VP, Zubair MAM, Hussain S, Rahman MFU, Odimegwu J, Horbanczuk JO, Devkota HP, Cifuentes A, Sodhi R, Santini A, Tantengco OAG, Pai SR, Chettupalli AK, Granica S, Stojanović NM, Tewari D, Mittal V, Garg V, Rahman MA, Logesh R, Berindan-Neagoe I, Sharma R, Jóźwik A, Matin M, Parvanov ED, Strzałkowska N, Matin FB, Litvinova O, Stoyanov J, Michalczuk M, Zima-Kulisiewicz B, Eminaga O, Mishra A, Jahan N, Bensz J, Joshi T, Upaganlawar A, Patni K, Zielińska A, Hrg D, Stolarczyk A, Adamska O, Perry G, Ławiński M, Kamińska A, Štefanović M, Siddiquea BN, Frazzini S, Rossi L, Wieczorek M, Mickael ME, Garbe LA, Atanasov AG, Shen B. Exploring nutritional supplement use for countering respiratory tract infections through an X (formerly Twitter)-based survey. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2025; 9:100282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100282] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2025] Open
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