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Aydin S, Senbil DC, Karavas E, Kadirhan O, Kantarci M. Shear-wave Elastography of Palatine Tonsils: A Normative Study in Children. J Med Ultrasound 2023; 31:223-227. [PMID: 38025001 PMCID: PMC10668904 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_89_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shear-wave elastography (SWE) was used to determine normal elasticity values of palatine tonsils (PTs) in children and adolescents who did not have any health problem, and the relationship between these values and various parameters influencing this result was examined. Methods The current prospective study has been approved by the local Institutional Review Board. Our study included 122 people aged 2-18 years. SWE values for both PTs, as well as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data had a normal distribution. Numerical variables with a normal distribution are reported as mean ± standard deviation, while variables with a nonnormal distribution are reported as medians with minimum and maximum values. Numbers and percentages are used to report categorical variables. Results The study group's average age was 10.77 ± 4.35 years. The mean SWE values were 9.89 ± 2.494 kPa for the right PT and 9.57 ± 2.631 kPa for the left PT. Both PT volumes were found to be 1.6 ± 0.9 mm3. There was no significant correlation between the SWE values obtained and age, height, weight, and BMI. Tonsil dimensions show a positive correlation with age, height, weight, and BMI. Conclusion PT dimensions have a positive correlation with age, height, weight, and BMI, but not with SWE values. SWE may be a reliable diagnostic criterion independent of anthropometric values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonay Aydin
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Erdal Karavas
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kadirhan
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mecit Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Hosokawa T. Ultrasound imaging for evaluation of impalement-related injuries to the oral cavity in pediatric patients: a case series study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:241-248. [PMID: 36696028 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACK GROUND An impalement-related injury to the oral cavity is common in pediatric patients at emergency department. A computed tomography evaluation is not always suitable in these cases. Herein, we aimed to present oral sonography findings from six pediatric patients presenting with impalement-related injury to the oral cavity. CASE SERIES All included patients were younger than 4 years and sustained injuries with a toothbrush, chopstick, water gun, and fork to the tonsils, submandibular gland area, uvula, and under the tongue. CONCLUSION Ultrasound imaging appeared useful in helping diagnose impalement-related injuries lateral to the midline.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hosokawa
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin Chuo-Ku Saitama, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan.
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Geng C, Tian S, Song Q, Yang L, Li Y, Wang H, Tian X, Ge L. A New Approach for Evaluating Palatine Tonsillar Hypertrophy in Children Based on Ultrasound: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2022; 41:3023-3029. [PMID: 35670148 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a novel ultrasound (US) plane to diagnose palatine tonsillar hypertrophy objectively in children. METHODS Tonsillar ultrasonography of children (age 2-14 years) who had a clinical diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy or not were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical data (including gender, age, body mass index (BMI)), and volume (V) of tonsils measured by the US, were recorded. Furthermore, we found a new US plane to diagnose tonsillar hypertrophy and named it the submental oblique cross-section. In this plane, diameters of the left tonsil, right tonsil, and central oropharynx were designated as T1, T2, and O. Then, we calculated the ratio by the formula (T1 + T2)/O. RESULTS A total of 172 cases (85 hypertrophy and 87 non-hypertrophy) were included in this study. There were no significant differences in gender (P = .844), age (P = .666), and BMI (P = .089) between the groups. In the non-hypertrophy group, the V of both sides had a positive linear correlation with age or BMI. In contrast, there was no linear correlation between ratio and age or BMI. The area under the curve (AUC) of ratio and V was 0.970 (95%CI: 0.947-0.993) and 0.835 (95%CI: 0.778-0.893) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of ratio for diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy was 2.293 (sensitivity = 88.2%, specificity = 95.4%). CONCLUSIONS We established a new US section to evaluate tonsillar hypertrophy. This approach could be easily acquired and provide a reference value to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuxu Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueping Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Ge
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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A Proposal to Perform High Contrast Imaging of Human Palatine Tonsil with Cross Polarized Optical Coherence Tomography. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The palatine tonsils provide the first line of immune defense against foreign pathogens inhaled or ingested. However, a disruption in the epithelial layer within the tonsil crypts can lead to recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT). Current imaging techniques suffer from poor resolution and contrast and do not allow a classification of the severity of RAT. We have developed a cross-polarized optical coherence tomography system. The system can detect a change in the polarization of the light after the light-tissue interaction. We demonstrate improved resolution and contrast in tonsil imaging with the developed method. Intensity, as well as retardance images of the excised tonsil tissue, were acquired. Features such as crypt epithelium, lymphoid follicles, and dense connective tissue were observed with improved contrast. Cross polarized optical coherence tomography can be a valuable tool in the clinic to evaluate palatine tonsils as it would allow visualizing common tonsil features without the need for any external contrast agent.
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Abbott S, Zelesco M, Gibson D. Tongue sonography: An introduction. SONOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Abbott
- Medical Imaging Department Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Marilyn Zelesco
- Medical Imaging Department Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Daren Gibson
- Medical Imaging Department Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch Western Australia Australia
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Normal palatine tonsil size in healthy children: a sonographic study. Radiol Med 2020; 125:864-869. [PMID: 32166720 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) have been widely used to assess palatine tonsils. However, these imaging modalities have some limitations, such as high costs, need for sedation, and exposure to ionizing radiation. Ultrasound has been increasingly used to diagnose tonsillar pathologies. We aim to define normal tonsil size and volume of healthy children according to age. METHODS A total of 274 healthy children were included. Both right and left tonsil sizes were measured in anteroposterior (AP), transverse (Tr.), and longitudinal (Long.) planes. Patients were divided into six subgroups according to their age, and analysis was performed for these subgroups. Age, sex, height, weight, and body mass index were recorded to find possible correlations. RESULTS Median age of the whole population was 7 years (0-16 years). Mean tonsil volume is 1.5 ± 0.9 cm3 for right and left sides. We cannot detect any significant correlation between PT values and sex. We detected a significant positive correlation between PT values and height, weight and BMI. CONCLUSION US can be used as a diagnostic tool for PT pathologies. PT size correlates with age, height, weight, and BMI; however, no correlation is present for sex and side.
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Mengi E, Sağtaş E, Kara CO. Assessment of Tonsil Volume With Transcervical Ultrasonography in Both Children and Adults. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:529-534. [PMID: 31495964 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the success of ultrasonography (USG) in the objective measurement of palatin tonsil volume in both children and adults and to compare those results with clinical findings. METHODS Eighty-five patients, who were scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy with the indications of recurrent tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, were included in the study. The tonsil grades of the patients were recorded according to the Friedman tonsil grading. The tonsil size and volume were measured with transcervical USG. After tonsillectomy, the volumes of the tonsils were calculated by the displacement method. The correlation between the obtained data was evaluated. In all analyses, P < .05 was accepted as a statistical level of significance. RESULTS Fifty children and 35 adults were included in the study. In children, the mean actual volume ± SD of 100 tonsils was measured as 3.5 ± 1.45 mL, and the USG volume was 3.67 ± 1.59 mL; a high correlation was found between both methods (r = 0.842; P < .05). In adults, the mean actual volume of 70 tonsils was measured as 5.15 ± 2.25 mL, and the USG volume was 5.71 ± 2.98 mL; a moderate correlation was found between the methods (r = 0.589; P < .05). In children, a moderate correlation was found between the Friedman grading and the USG (r = 0.532; P < .05), and actual (r = 0.549; P < .05) tonsil volumes. In adults, a low correlation was found between the Friedman grading and the USG (r = 0.363; P < .05) and actual (r = 0.384; P < .05) tonsil volumes. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography is a useful, accessible, and noninvasive imaging method for objective measurement of tonsil volume in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Mengi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ergin Sağtaş
- Department of Radiology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Orhan Kara
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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Kay-Rivest E, Saint-Martin C, Daniel SJ. High-Frequency Ultrasound: A Novel Diagnostic Tool to Measure Pediatric Tonsils in 3 Dimensions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 161:856-861. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599819850139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective A wide variety of pathologies can affect the palatine tonsils. Ultrasound is a commonly used modality for assessing head and neck masses in children; however, its use in tonsillar evaluation has not been widely explored. The objective of this study was to measure 3-dimensional tonsillar size with ultrasound, in centimeters, and correlate these measurements with actual ex vivo dimensions on pathology specimens. Study Design We performed a prospective cohort study. Setting The study was set in a tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Children undergoing tonsillectomy were included in the study. Transcervical high-frequency ultrasonography (HFU) was performed prior to surgery to obtain 3-dimensional measurements of the right and left palatine tonsils. Mean sizes were compared to ex vivo tonsil measurements and correlations were obtained. Results Seventy-five consecutive children underwent a transcervical HFU, with a total of 150 tonsils analyzed. The mean differences between HFU and pathology measurements were −0.08 cm and −0.24 cm for the right and left craniocaudal axes, −0.19 cm and −0.18 cm for the right and left mediolateral axes, and 0.05 cm and 0.03 cm for the right and left anteroposterior axes. Correlation coefficients between ultrasound and pathology measurements were all above 0.5. Conclusion HFU can accurately measure the size of pediatric tonsils in 3 dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kay-Rivest
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sam J. Daniel
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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