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Feinberg RS, Sinha MS, Cohen IG. The Alabama Embryo Decision-The Politics and Reality of Recognizing "Extrauterine Children". JAMA 2024; 331:1083-1084. [PMID: 38436995 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses the Alabama Supreme Court’s opinion on in vitro fertilization and how it plays into a larger push for fetal and embryonic personhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Feinberg
- Touro University, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law School, Central Islip, New York
- New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Michael S Sinha
- Center for Health Law Studies, Saint Louis University School of Law, St Louis, Missouri
| | - I Glenn Cohen
- Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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2
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Zhao J, Zahn A, Pang SC, Quang TS, Campbell J, Halkitis PN. Early national trends in non-abortion reproductive care access after Roe. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1309068. [PMID: 38525331 PMCID: PMC10957616 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1309068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Roe was overturned in 2022. No peer-reviewed evidence exists for the indirect spillover effects of overturning Roe on non-abortion reproductive care access for diverse patient populations. Methods National data were from 2013-2023 HHS Title X Directory, 2013-2020 CDC Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART) Surveillance and 2021-2023 manual collection, and Guttmacher Institute. Outcome measures included numbers of ART clinics and Title X entities. Title X entities are those that receive federal funds to establish and operate voluntary family planning projects, especially for low-income patients. We reported pre-and post-Roe changes, associations between changes in measures and abortions, and characteristics of changed measures by region and political geography. Results Post-Roe America witnessed national declines of 1.03% in ART clinics and 18.34% in Title X entities, and average state decreases of 0.08 ART clinics (p < 0.05) and 18 Title X entities (p < 0.001). State-level ART clinic closures and abortion reductions had little association except for Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona, New York, and California. Plummets in Title X entities and abortions were positively associated: Reducing 100 abortions was associated with defunding two Title X entities (p < 0.05). The South experienced the largest losses of both, while 83.39% of lost Title X entities were in states that voted Republican in the 2020 presidential election, disproportionate to the 49.02% of states that voted Republican and the 42.52% of US population residing in these states. Conclusion We provide one of the first few evidence of spillover impacts of overturning Roe on non-abortion care access for diverse populations: low-income men and women, single parents by choice, and biologically and socially infertile patients. Early evidence warns of worsening challenges of inequities and calls for immediate policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhao
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Aaron Zahn
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Tony S. Quang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Janis Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Perry N. Halkitis
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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3
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Fleck LM. Teaching Bioethics Today: Waking from Dogmatic Curricular Slumbers. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37941123 DOI: 10.1017/s0963180123000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The Dobbs decision has precipitated renewed medical, political, and professional interest in the issue of abortion. Because this decision handed responsibility for regulation of abortion back to the states, and because the states are enacting or have enacted policies that tend to be very permissive or very restrictive, the result has been legal and professional confusion for physicians and their patients. Medical education cannot resolve either the legal or ethical issues regarding abortion. However, medical education must prepare future physicians for caring for patients seeking abortion-related services. Physicians must be prepared to interact appropriately (sensitively and with integrity) with patients or colleagues whose views on abortion differ significantly from their own. This essay describes our educational effort to achieve that objective. The motto that governed this exercise was "No Easy Answers."
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard M Fleck
- Center for Bioethics and Social Justice, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MIUSA
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Kushnir VA, Adashi EY, Cohen IG. Preimplantation sex selection via in vitro fertilization: time for a reappraisal. F S Rep 2023; 4:241-243. [PMID: 37719093 PMCID: PMC10504547 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapid increase in the availability of elective sex selection via genetic testing of preimplantation embryos created through in vitro fertilization. We explore the standing of this ethically controversial practice in the context of a changing legal landscape after the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health decision by the US Supreme Court.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly A. Kushnir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Eli Y. Adashi
- Division of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - I. Glenn Cohen
- Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Rebar RW, Keator CS. The history and future of in vitro fertilization in the United States: the complex interrelationships among basic science, human medicine, and politics. F S Sci 2023; 4:102-113. [PMID: 36907436 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Although much of the foundational basic scientific and clinical research was conducted in the United States, the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) birth occurred in the United Kingdom. Why? For centuries, all research surrounding the field of "reproduction" has elicited bipolar passionate responses by the American public, and the issue of "test tube babies" has been no different. The history of conception in the United States is defined by complex interrelationships among scientists, clinicians, and politically charged decisions by various branches of the US government. With a focus on research in the United States, this review summarizes the early scientific and clinical advances important to the development of IVF and then addresses the potential future developments in IVF. We also consider what future advances are possible in the United States given the current regulations, laws, and funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Rebar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
| | - Christopher S Keator
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan
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Spence RA, Hinyard LJ, Jagsi R, Jimenez RB, Lopez AM, Chavez-MacGregor M, Spector-Bagdady K, Rosenberg AR. ASCO Ethical Guidance for the US Oncology Community Where Reproductive Health Care Is Limited by Law. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2852-2858. [PMID: 36989462 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned federal protections for abortion rights, making way for states to enact abortion bans with or without exceptions for the health or life of the pregnant patient. Patient care across many areas of medicine including oncology continues to be affected. Although the change in the legal landscape is widely felt, the core ethical considerations for physicians do not change because of restrictions on the practice of medicine. ASCO offers this guidance to assist US oncologists and institutions who must balance limitations with established ethical duties. This paper articulates principles for cancer care and pregnancy, offers a framework for ethical reflection and action for oncologists who care for pregnant patients, and makes recommendations for individual and institutional action to support evidence-based, patient-centered care in the United States where abortion is illegal or access is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie J Hinyard
- Department of Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rachel B Jimenez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Maria Lopez
- Medical Oncology and Integrative Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology and Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kayte Spector-Bagdady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Hassan A, Yates L, Hing AK, Hirz AE, Hardeman R. Dobbs and disability: Implications of abortion restrictions for people with chronic health conditions. Health Serv Res 2023; 58:197-201. [PMID: 36424122 PMCID: PMC9836943 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hassan
- Center for Antiracism Research for Health EquityUniversity of Minnesota School of Public HealthMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lindsey Yates
- Center of Excellence, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anna K. Hing
- Center for Antiracism Research for Health EquityUniversity of Minnesota School of Public HealthMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Alanna E. Hirz
- Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel Hardeman
- Center for Antiracism Research for Health EquityUniversity of Minnesota School of Public HealthMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Gamboa Bernal GA. Derogada la sentencia Roe vs. Wade. pers bioet 2023. [DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2022.26.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Después de casi medio siglo fue derogada la sentencia del caso Roe vs. Wade por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos, lo que puede suponer el fin del aborto en ese país. Se mencionan algunos antecedentes, hitos históricos, arreglos y el contexto de la situación que desembocó en la sentencia mediante la cual se estableció el derecho constitucional al aborto (Roe vs. Wade), se mantuvo la decisión tomada (Planned Parenthood vs. Casey) y finalmente cómo se revocaron las sentencias anteriores (Dobbs vs. Organización de Salud Femenina Jackson). Se concluye, desde una perspectiva biojurídica, que se corrigió un fallo no solo controvertido en su aplicación, sino sobre todo en su génesis, donde queda claro que el aborto no es un derecho constitucional y que los organismos judiciales no son competentes para regular sobre esa materia y sobre otras análogas. Desde el punto de vista bioético, es un fallo revocatorio histórico, que rectificó una de las mayores injusticias contemporáneas, que puso por encima la autonomía individual sobre el hecho biológico incontrovertible de una nueva vida humana y el cuidado que demanda su dignidad ontológica: Roe vs. Wade costó la vida a millones de embriones, en los Estados Unidos y en el resto del mundo.
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Samuels-Kalow ME, Agrawal P, Rodriguez G, Zeidan A, Love JS, Monette D, Lin M, Cooper RJ, Madsen TE, Dobiesz V. Post-Roe emergency medicine: Policy, clinical, training, and individual implications for emergency clinicians. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:1414-1421. [PMID: 36268814 PMCID: PMC9772035 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In June 2022, the United States Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade, removing almost 50 years of precedent and enabling the imposition of a wide range of state-level restrictions on abortion access. Historical data from the United States and internationally demonstrate that the removal of safe abortion options will increase complications and the health risks to pregnant patients. Because the emergency department is a critical access point for reproductive health care, emergency clinicians must be prepared for the policy, clinical, educational, and legal implications of this change. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to describe the impact of the reversal of Roe v. Wade on health equity and reproductive justice, the provision of emergency care education and training, and the specific legal and reproductive consequences for emergency clinicians. Finally, we conclude with specific recommended policy and advocacy responses for emergency medicine clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Samuels-Kalow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pooja Agrawal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giovanni Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer S Love
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Derek Monette
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Richelle J Cooper
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tracy E Madsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medial School of Brown University, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Valerie Dobiesz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Coen-Sanchez K, Ebenso B, El-Mowafi IM, Berghs M, Idriss-Wheeler D, Yaya S. Repercussions of overturning Roe v. Wade for women across systems and beyond borders. Reprod Health 2022; 19:184. [PMID: 36002861 PMCID: PMC9404636 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
June 24th, 2022, a day that will be etched in today and future generations’ textbooks as a historic day, the United States of America revoked the constitutional right to seek safe abortion care. Overturning Roe v Wade allowed the divided individual states to independently decide the legal parameters regarding abortion care. A decision that disproportionately effects the reproductive lives of women residing on the land of America. Given the systemic impacts of racism, neoliberalism and white supremacy, it is the Black, racialized and poor women who suffer terrible repercussions. In this commentary the authors begin by discussing the historical biopolitical perspective, colonial systems and longstanding impacts on racialized women’s bodies in America. The discussion transitions to the implications of geopolitics at play nationally and cascading impacts globally, focusing on humanitarian and emergency settings. Using a medical humanities perspective, authors highlight the collision between politics and reproductive health policy and its implications on social determinants of health, such as women’s education, employment, housing, racial and gender equity and wellbeing. Long standing advocates, community leaders and healers, leading scientists, birth attendants, doctors, nurses, allied health professionals/providers and humanitarian workers – and many others - are reminded and live the weight of the continuous battle of population control, stemming from the oppressive history of control and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Coen-Sanchez
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bassey Ebenso
- Leeds Institute Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Maria Berghs
- Unit for the Social Study of Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Dina Idriss-Wheeler
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. .,The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Nelson B, Wiles A. A shifting ethical and legal landscape for sperm donation: Amid recent challenges to expectations of anonymity for sperm donors, experts in the field of assisted reproduction are reevaluating the ethics and morals of donor responsibility, disclosure, and inherited risk: Amid recent challenges to expectations of anonymity for sperm donors, experts in the field of assisted reproduction are reevaluating the ethics and morals of donor responsibility, disclosure, and inherited risk. Cancer Cytopathol 2022; 130:572-573. [PMID: 35920175 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Cedars MI. A Message from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine President. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:279-280. [PMID: 35878945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Cohen IG, Murray M, Gostin LO. The End of Roe v Wade and New Legal Frontiers on the Constitutional Right to Abortion. JAMA 2022; 328:325-326. [PMID: 35802387 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Glenn Cohen
- Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Murray
- Birnbaum Women's Leadership Network, New York University, New York City
| | - Lawrence O Gostin
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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