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Milani G, Budriesi R, Tavazzani E, Cavalluzzi MM, Mattioli LB, Miniero DV, Delre P, Belviso BD, Denegri M, Cuocci C, Rotondo NP, De Palma A, Gualdani R, Caliandro R, Mangiatordi GF, Kumawat A, Camilloni C, Priori S, Lentini G. hERG stereoselective modulation by mexiletine-derived ureas: Molecular docking study, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300116. [PMID: 37460390 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of cardiac electrophysiology resulting in life-threatening arrhythmias; nowadays, only a few drugs are available for the management of LQTS. Focusing our attention on LQT2, one of the most common subtypes of LQTS caused by mutations in the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG), in the present work, the stereoselectivity of the recently discovered mexiletine-derived urea 8 was investigated on the hERG potassium channel. According to preliminary in silico predictions, in vitro studies revealed a stereoselective behavior, with the meso form showing the greatest hERG opening activity. In addition, functional studies on guinea pig isolated left atria, aorta, and ileum demonstrated that 8 does not present any cardiac or intestinal liability in our ex vivo studies. Due to its overall profile, (R,S)-8 paves the way for the design and development of a new series of compounds potentially useful in the treatment of both congenital and drug-induced forms of LQTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gualtiero Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- CNR-Institute of Crystallography, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Natalie Paola Rotondo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualdani
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Amit Kumawat
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- ICS-Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Carvalho ACLDM, de Oliveira BR, Lima GV, Negreiro JM, Oliveira MCF, de Lemos TLG, da Silva MR, Fonseca TDS, Bezerra RM, dos Santos JCS, Gonçalves LRB, Rios NS, Zanatta G, de Mattos MC. Resolution of Racemic Aryloxy-Propan-2-yl Acetates via Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure/Enantioenriched Mexiletine Intermediates and Analogs. Catalysts 2022; 12:1566. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipase kinetic resolution (KR) of aryloxy-propan-2-yl acetates, via hydrolysis, produced enantiomerically pure/enantioenriched mexiletine intermediates and analogs. Racemic acetates rac-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5a), rac-1-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5b), rac-1-(o-tolyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5c) and rac-1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate (rac-5d) were used as substrates. A preliminary screening (24 h, phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with 20% acetonitrile as co-solvent, 30 °C and enzyme:substrate ratio of 2:1, m:m) was carried out with twelve lipases using acetate 5a as substrate. Two enzymes stood out in the KR of 5a, the Amano AK lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) immobilized on Immobead 150. Under these conditions, both the (R)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol [(R)-4a] and the remaining (S)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate [(S)-5a] were obtained with enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99%, 50% conversion and enantiomeric ratio (E) > 200. The KR study was expanded to racemic acetates 5b-d, leading to the corresponding chiral remaining acetates with ≥95% ee, and the alcohols 4b-d with ≥98% ee, and conversion values close to 50%. The best conditions for KRs of rac-5b-d involved the use of lipase from P. fluorescens or TLL immobilized on Immobead 150, 24 or 48 h and 30 °C. These intermediates had their absolute configurations determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy (Mosher’s method), showing that the KRs of these acetates obeyed the Kazlauskas’ rule. Molecular docking studies corroborated the experimental results, indicating a preference for the hydrolysis of (R)-5a-d.
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Manna A, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty I, Bhaumik T. Enantiodivergent syntheses of (+)- and (-)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol: A way to access (+)- and (-)-mexiletine from D-(+)-mannitol. Carbohydr Res 2020; 487:107892. [PMID: 31901892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiron approach was used to acquire optically pure (R)- and (S)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-ol, immediate precursors of (S)- and (R)-mexiletines, respectively. Two different routes were followed from a D-mannitol-derived optically pure common precursor to get the enantiomeric alcohols separately. Comparison of their specific rotation values with the corresponding literature values as well as exact mirror-image relationship between their CD curves proved their high enantiopurity. These alcohols were then transformed to the corresponding amine-drugs in an efficient one-step process instead of two steps described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrajit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanurima Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Nagai T, Sakurai S, Natori N, Hataoka M, Kinoshita T, Inoue H, Hanaya K, Shoji M, Sugai T. Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched drug precursors and an insect pheromone via reduction of ketones using commercially available carbonyl reductase screening kit “Chiralscreen® OH”. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1304-1313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bezerra RM, Neto DMA, Galvão WS, Rios NS, Carvalho ACLDM, Correa MA, Bohn F, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Fechine PB, de Mattos MC, dos Santos JC, Gonçalves LR. Design of a lipase-nano particle biocatalysts and its use in the kinetic resolution of medicament precursors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Viswanadh N, Velayudham R, Jambu S, Sasikumar M, Muthukrishnan M. Chiral aziridine ring opening: facile synthesis of (R)-mexiletine and (R)-phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Ryan DA, Okolotowicz KJ, Mercola M, Cashman JR. Stereoselective synthesis of mexiletine and structural analogs with chiral tert-butanesulfinamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bredikhina ZA, Kurenkov AV, Krivolapov DB, Bredikhin AA. Stereoselective crystallization of 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol: preparation of the single-enantiomer drug mexiletine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sadhukhan A, Khan NUH, Roy T, Kureshy RI, Abdi SHR, Bajaj HC. Asymmetric hydrolytic kinetic resolution with recyclable macrocyclic Co(III)-salen complexes: a practical strategy in the preparation of (R)-mexiletine and (S)-propranolol. Chemistry 2012; 18:5256-60. [PMID: 22422658 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A chiral cobalt(III) complex (1e) was synthesized by the interaction of cobalt(II) acetate and ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate with a chiral dinuclear macrocyclic salen ligand that was derived from 1R,2R-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with trigol bis-aldehyde. A variety of epoxides and glycidyl ethers were suitable substrates for the reaction with water in the presence of chiral macrocyclic salen complex 1e at room temperature to afford chiral epoxides and diols by hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR). Excellent yields (47% with respect to the epoxides, 53% with respect to the diols) and high enantioselectivity (ee>99% for the epoxides, up to 96% for the diols) were achieved in 2.5-16 h. The Co(III) macrocyclic salen complex (1e) maintained its performance on a multigram scale and was expediently recycled a number of times. We further extended our study of chiral epoxides that were synthesized by using HKR to the synthesis of chiral drug molecules (R)-mexiletine and (S)-propranolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Sadhukhan
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 021, Gujarat, India
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Catalano A, Desaphy JF, Lentini G, Carocci A, Di Mola A, Bruno C, Carbonara R, De Palma A, Budriesi R, Ghelardini C, Perrone MG, Colabufo NA, Conte Camerino D, Franchini C. Synthesis and Toxicopharmacological Evaluation of m-Hydroxymexiletine, the First Metabolite of Mexiletine More Potent Than the Parent Compound on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1418-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201197z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126
Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacologia
Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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Nikalje MD, Sasikumar M, Muthukrishnan M. A facile enantioselective synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride using the hydrolytic kinetic resolution method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:2825-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
(S)- as well as (R)-mexiletine [1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-propanamine], a chiral orally effective antiarrhythmic agent, was prepared by deracemization starting from the commercially available racemic amine using omega-transaminases in up to >99% ee and conversion with 97% isolated yield by a one-pot two-step procedure. The absolute configuration could be easily switched to the other enantiomer, just by switching the order of the applied transaminases. The cosubstrate pyruvate needed in the first oxidative step was recycled by using an amino acid oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Sasikumar M, Nikalje MD, Muthukrishnan M. A convenient synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-mexiletine using hydrolytic kinetic resolution method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Cavalluzzi MM, Bruno C, Lentini G, Lovece A, Catalano A, Carocci A, Franchini C. One-step synthesis of homochiral O-aryl and O-heteroaryl mandelic acids and their use as efficient 1H NMR chiral solvating agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Godoy ALPC, Parisi CC, Marques MP, Coelho EB, Lanchote VL. Enantioselective determination of mexiletine and its metabolitesp-hydroxymexiletine and hydroxymethylmexiletine in rat plasma by normal-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pharmacokinetics. Chirality 2009; 21:648-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Koszelewski D, Clay D, Rozzell D, Kroutil W. Deracemisation of α-Chiral Primary Amines by a One-Pot, Two-Step Cascade Reaction Catalysed by ω-Transaminases. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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Han S, Ma S, Ha H, Lee WK. Nucleophilic substitution of (sulfonyloxymethyl)aziridines: an asymmetric synthesis of both isomers of mexiletine. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:11110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cavalluzzi MM, Catalano A, Bruno C, Lovece A, Carocci A, Corbo F, Franchini C, Lentini G, Tortorella V. Synthesis of (R)-, (S)-, and (RS)-hydroxymethylmexiletine, one of the major metabolites of mexiletine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 18:2409-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Luca A, Pierno S, Liantonio A, Desaphy JF, Natuzzi F, Didonna MP, Ferrannini E, Jockusch H, Franchini C, Lentini G, Corbo F, Tortorella V, Camerino DC. New potent mexiletine and tocainide analogues evaluated in vivo and in vitro as antimyotonic agents on the myotonic ADR mouse. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 14:405-16. [PMID: 15210163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimyotonic activity of chiral derivatives of mexiletine and tocainide, selected as potent use-dependent blockers of skeletal muscle sodium channels, was evaluated in vivo acutely in myotonic ADR mice. The compounds had either aromatic (Me4 and Me6) or branched isopropyl groups (Me5 and To1) on the asymmetric centre, or had this latter one methylene apart from the amino group (Me2). Therapeutic doses of mexiletine (5-10 mg/kg) and tocainide (7-20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the long time of righting reflex (TRR), typical of ADR mice. Me4, Me5 and Me6 were 2-fold more potent than mexiletine. To1 fully normalised the TRR at 7 mg/kg. The electromyographic analysis confirmed a muscle-based activity for drug effectiveness on TRR. All the compounds reduced the myotonic hyperexcitability of intercostal muscle fibres when tested in vitro by current-clamp recordings, with a potency correlated with their action on sodium channels. On stimulus-evoked firing, the isopropyl analogues were 2-4-fold more potent than parent compounds, while the aromatic analogues were about 10-fold more potent than mexiletine. Patch-clamp recordings confirmed a normal-like pharmacological sensitivity of sodium channels of native ADR muscle fibres. Finally, the in vivo antimyotonic activity is due to the block of sodium channels and divergences with in vitro potency can be related to structure-based changes in drug pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Luca
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Campus, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Franchini C, Carocci A, Catalano A, Cavalluzzi MM, Corbo F, Lentini G, Scilimati A, Tortorella P, Camerino DC, De Luca A. Optically Active Mexiletine Analogues as Stereoselective Blockers of Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels. J Med Chem 2003; 46:5238-48. [PMID: 14613326 DOI: 10.1021/jm030865y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optically active mexiletine analogues were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as use-dependent blockers of skeletal muscle sodium channels. The mexiletine analogues were obtained by replacing either the methyl group on the stereogenic center of mexiletine [1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine] with a phenyl group or modifying the phenoxy moiety (by removal of one or both of the methyl groups, or introducing a chlorine atom), or both. The voltage clamp recordings showed that, regardless of the substitution pattern of the aryloxy moiety, all the compounds bearing a phenyl group on the stereogenic center (3a-f) were more active than mexiletine both in tonic and phasic block. This observation was in contrast with what was observed for mexiletine, where the removal of both methyls from the aryloxy moiety caused a dramatic reduction of potency. The most potent congener, (R)-2-(2-methylphenoxy)-1-phenylethanamine [(R)-3b], was 27-fold more potent than (R)-mexiletine in producing a tonic block, i.e., the reduction of peak sodium current in resting conditions after application of the compound. (R)-3b maintained a use-dependent behavior, being 23-fold more potent in condition of high frequency of stimulation (phasic block). Despite what was observed with mexiletine, the stereoselectivity held in phasic block conditions. Stereoselectivity indexes were generally low, ranging from 1 to 4, but except for that of the 2,6-xylyloxy congener 3c, they were higher for the congeners bearing a phenyl ring on the stereogenic center than for mexiletine and its strictly related analogue 1-methyl-2-phenoxyethanamine (1). This finding was in agreement with Pfeiffer's rule. The introduction of a chlorine atom in the 4-position of the aryloxy moiety caused a reduction of potency and a reversal of stereoselectivity as well. On the basis of the model to date accepted for the sodium channel local anesthetic-like molecule receptor, some possible explanations of our observations will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Franchini
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico and Farmaco-Biologico, Università degli Studi di Bari - Via E Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
This review reports the latest achievements in chromatographic enantioseparations of various classes of cardiovascular drugs and selected applications of these methods in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis. The use of these drugs as test compounds for new chiral stationary phases and different parameters of chromatographic processes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Bojarski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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González-Sabı́n J, Gotor V, Rebolledo F. CAL-B-catalyzed resolution of some pharmacologically interesting β–substituted isopropylamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Carocci A, Catalano A, Corbo F, Duranti A, Amoroso R, Franchini C, Lentini G, Tortorella V. Stereospecific synthesis of mexiletine and related compounds: Mitsunobu versus Williamson reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 11:3619-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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