Abstract
Alarmins are a kind of constitutive cellular proteins which are released extracellularly under pathological conditions to signal danger to the host by triggering and mediating inflammatory responses. Persistent release of alarmins (e.g., HMBG1, HSPs and S100) during chronic liver inflammation and in tumor microenvironments plays an important role in the development and progression of liver carcinoma. Alarmins might become novel markers for predicting and monitoring carcinogenesis, metastasis and recurrence of liver carcinoma. Down-regulation of alarmins and blockage of the interaction of alarmins with their receptors represent new promising therapeutic strategies for liver carcinoma.
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