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de Jong MME, Chen L, Raaijmakers MHGP, Cupedo T. Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x. [PMID: 38491073 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is a hallmark of tumour microenvironments. In the bone marrow, tumour-associated inflammation impacts normal niches for haematopoietic progenitor cells and mature immune cells and supports the outgrowth and survival of malignant cells residing in these niche compartments. This Review provides an overview of our current understanding of inflammatory changes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, using acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma as examples and highlights unique and shared features of inflammation in niches for progenitor cells and plasma cells. Importantly, inflammation exerts profoundly different effects on normal bone marrow niches in these malignancies, and we provide context for possible drivers of these divergent effects. We explore the role of tumour cells in inflammatory changes, as well as the role of cellular constituents of normal bone marrow niches, including myeloid cells and stromal cells. Integrating knowledge of disease-specific dynamics of malignancy-associated bone marrow inflammation will provide a necessary framework for future targeting of these processes to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M E de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Plakhova N, Panagopoulos V, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW, Mrozik KM. Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence in haematological malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:277-96. [PMID: 36622509 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and multiple myeloma (MM) are age-related haematological malignancies with defined precursor states termed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), respectively. While the progression from asymptomatic precursor states to malignancy is widely considered to be mediated by the accumulation of genetic mutations in neoplastic haematopoietic cell clones, recent studies suggest that intrinsic genetic changes, alone, may be insufficient to drive the progression to overt malignancy. Notably, studies suggest that extrinsic, microenvironmental changes in the bone marrow (BM) may also promote the transition from these precursor states to active disease. There is now enhanced focus on extrinsic, age-related changes in the BM microenvironment that accompany the development of AML, CLL, and MM. One of the most prominent changes associated with ageing is the accumulation of senescent mesenchymal stromal cells within tissues and organs. In comparison with proliferating cells, senescent cells display an altered profile of secreted factors (secretome), termed the senescence-associated-secretory phenotype (SASP), comprising proteases, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors that may render the local microenvironment favourable for cancer growth. It is well established that BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are key regulators of haematopoietic stem cell maintenance and fate determination. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that BM-MSC senescence may contribute to age-related haematopoietic decline and cancer development. This review explores the association between BM-MSC senescence and the development of haematological malignancies, and the functional role of senescent BM-MSCs in the development of these cancers.
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Solimando AG, Da Vià MC, Bolli N, Steinbrunn T. The Route of the Malignant Plasma Cell in Its Survival Niche: Exploring “Multiple Myelomas”. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133271. [PMID: 35805041 PMCID: PMC9265748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence points to multiple myeloma (MM) and its stromal microenvironment using several mechanisms to subvert effective immune and anti-tumor responses. Recent advances have uncovered the tumor-stromal cell influence in regulating the immune-microenvironment and have envisioned targeting these suppressive pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, some subgroups of patients include those with particularly unfavorable prognoses. Biological stratification can be used to categorize patient-, disease- or therapy-related factors, or alternatively, these biological determinants can be included in a dynamic model that customizes a given treatment to a specific patient. Genetic heterogeneity and current knowledge enforce a systematic and comprehensive bench-to-bedside approach. Given the increasing role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in better characterizing the pathogenesis of solid and hematological malignancies, disease relapse, and drug resistance, identifying and describing CSCs is of paramount importance in the management of MM. Even though the function of CSCs is well-known in other cancer types, their role in MM remains elusive. With this review, we aim to provide an update on MM homing and resilience in the bone marrow micro milieu. These data are particularly interesting for clinicians facing unmet medical needs while designing novel treatment approaches for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
| | - Matteo Claudio Da Vià
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
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Massaro F, Corrillon F, Stamatopoulos B, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Bron D. Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Hematopoiesis Disturbances and Potential Role in the Development of Hematologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E68. [PMID: 33383723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As for many other cancers, the risk of developing hematologic malignancies increases considerably as people age. In recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the influence of the aging microenvironment on hematopoiesis and tumor progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a major player in intercellular communication inside the bone marrow microenvironment involved in hematopoiesis support. With aging, their functions may be altered, leading to hematopoiesis disturbances which can lead to hematologic cancers. A good understanding of the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell aging and the consequences on hematopoiesis and tumor progression is therefore necessary for a better comprehension of hematologic malignancies and for the development of therapeutic approaches. Abstract Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions. The present review presents the main features of MSC senescence in bone marrow and their implications in hematologic cancer progression.
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Ichii M, Hosen N. Current Understanding of Myelomatous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Extended through Advances in Experimental Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E25. [PMID: 33374627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the amount of information available has grown, now it is known that many types of non-hematopoietic cells, including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, mature mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells, as well as mature hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, and B-cells, have roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. This review focuses on the role of mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma. We summarize the experimental strategies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells. Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. For the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells, as well as the occurrence of the complications, numerous intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms are involved. The interaction of myeloma cells with the microenvironment is known to be one of the most critical mechanisms. A specific microenvironment could affect the progression and growth of tumor cells, as well as drug resistance. Among various microenvironment components, such as hematological and non-hematological cells, and soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins), in this review, we focus on the role of mesenchymal cells. We aimed to summarize the experimental strategies used for conducting studies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells.
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Alameda D, Saez B, Lara-Astiaso D, Sarvide S, Lasa M, Alignani D, Rodriguez I, Garate S, Vilas A, Paiva B, Alfonso-Olmos M, De Espinosa JML, Prosper F, Miguel JFS, Maiso P. Characterization of freshly isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma: transcriptional modulation of the microenvironment. Haematologica 2020; 105:e470-473. [PMID: 33054066 PMCID: PMC7556476 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.235135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alameda
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Borja Saez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarai Sarvide
- Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Amaia Vilas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus F San Miguel
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Mekhloufi A, Kosta A, Stabile H, Molfetta R, Zingoni A, Soriani A, Cippitelli M, Paolini R, Gismondi A, Ricciardi MR, Petrucci MT, Masuelli L, Caracciolo G, Palchetti S, Santoni A, Fionda C. Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived IL-8 Upregulates PVR Expression on Multiple Myeloma Cells via NF-kB Transcription Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E440. [PMID: 32069911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) strongly contribute to multiple myeloma (MM) progression, promoting the survival and growth of malignant plasma cells (PCs). However, the possible impact of these cells on the immune-mediated recognition of MM cells remains largely unknown. DNAM-1 activating receptor plays a prominent role in NK cell anti-MM response engaging the ligands poliovirus receptor (PVR) and nectin-2 on malignant PCs. Here, we analysed the role of MM patient-derived BMSCs in the regulation of PVR expression. We found that BMSCs enhance PVR surface expression on MM cells and promote their NK cell-mediated recognition. PVR upregulation occurs at transcriptional level and involves NF-kB transcription factor activation by BMSC-derived soluble factors. Indeed, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of IKBα blocked PVR upregulation. IL-8 plays a prominent role in these mechanisms since blockade of CXCR1/2 receptors as well as depletion of the cytokine via RNA interference prevents the enhancement of PVR expression by BMSC-derived conditioned medium. Interestingly, IL-8 is associated with stromal microvesicles which are also required for PVR upregulation via CXCR1/CXCR2 signaling activation. Our findings identify BMSCs as regulators of NK cell anti-MM response and contribute to define novel molecular pathways involved in the regulation of PVR expression in cancer cells.
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Spelat R, Ferro F, Contessotto P, Warren NJ, Marsico G, Armes SP, Pandit A. A worm gel-based 3D model to elucidate the paracrine interaction between multiple myeloma and mesenchymal stem cells. Mater Today Bio 2020; 5:100040. [PMID: 32211606 PMCID: PMC7083757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally-differentiated plasma cells that develops mainly inside the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. It is well known that autocrine and paracrine signals are responsible for the progression of this disease but the precise mechanism and contributions from single cell remain largely unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an important cellular component of the BM: they support MM growth by increasing its survival and chemo-resistance, but little is known about the paracrine signaling pathways. Three-dimensional (3D) models of MM-MSC paracrine interactions are much more biologically-relevant than simple 2D models and are considered essential for detailed studies of MM pathogenesis. Herein we present a novel 3D co-culture model designed to mimic the paracrine interaction between MSC and MM cells. MSC were embedded within a previously characterized thermoresponsive block copolymer worm gel that can induce stasis in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and then co-cultured with MM cells. Transcriptional phenotyping of co-cultured cells indicated the dysregulation of genes that code for known disease-relevant factors, and also revealed IL-6 and IL-10 as upstream regulators. Importantly, we have identified a synergistic paracrine signaling pathway between IL-6 and IL-10 that plays a critical role in sustaining MM cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that this 3D co-culture system is a useful model to investigate the paracrine interaction between MM cells and the BM microenvironment in vitro. This approach has revealed a new mechanism that promotes the proliferation of MM cells and suggested a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renza Spelat
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway-H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Federico Ferro
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway-H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway-H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Marsico
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway-H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway-H91 TK33, Ireland
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Kohsari M, Khadem-Ansari MH, Rasmi Y, Sayyadi H. Serum Levels of Interleukin-8 and Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor in Patients with Stage-I Multiple Myeloma: A Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:127-132. [PMID: 31983174 PMCID: PMC7294003 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease that needs better recognition and further research. Previous studies elucidated the interaction between myeloma cells and showed the necessity of bone marrow stromal cells for the initiation and progression of MM. Many chemokines and their receptors including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) play important roles in this interaction. The main purpose of this study is evaluating the serum level of IL-8 and sIL-6R on stage-I of MM patients and healthy controls. Methods: Serum samples from 30 stage-I MM patients (13 males and 17 females) and 30 healthy subjects as controls (13 males and 17 females) were examined in this study. The protein concentrations of serum IL-8 and sIL-6R were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean level of IL-8 and sIL-6R were significantly elevated in stage-I MM. The mean levels of IL-8 were 1246.57±279.22 ng/ml in stage-I MM and 902.53± 294.61 ng/ml in controls (P<0.001). The mean levels of sIL-6R were 5.39±1.38 ng/ml and 4.1±1.14 ng/ml in stage-I MM and controls, respectively (P<0.001). The mean levels of IL-8 were 1342.18±193.4 ng/ml in patient females and 859± 278.2ng/ml in control females (P <0.001). The mean levels of sIL-6R were 5.21±1.55 ng/ml and 3.91±1.22 ng/ml in patient females and control females, respectively (P=0.01). The mean level of sIL-6R in patient males and control males were 5.63±1.43 ng/ml and 4.34±1.04 ng/ml, respectively (P=0.01). A significant correlation (Pearson’s correlation = 0.45, P=0.008) was observed in the population of females (patients and controls). Conclusion: The results of study suggest the possible involvement of IL-8 and the sIL-6R at stage-I MM and can better characterize the role of chemokines and their receptors in the disease process, especially in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kohsari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sayyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Allegra A, Innao V, Allegra AG, Pugliese M, Di Salvo E, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Cytokines of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112822. [PMID: 31185596 PMCID: PMC6600674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all multiple myeloma (MM) cases have been demonstrated to be linked to earlier monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Nevertheless, there are no identified characteristics in the diagnosis of MGUS that have been helpful in differentiating subjects whose cancer may progress to a malignant situation. Regarding malignancy, the role of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines at the beginning of neoplastic diseases is now incontestable. In this review, we have concentrated our attention on the equilibrium between the diverse lymphocyte subsets and the cytokine system and summarized the current state of knowledge, providing an overview of the condition of the entire system in MGUS and MM. In an age where the therapy of neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies largely relies on drugs capable of acting on the immune system (immunomodulants, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T), detailed knowledge of the the differences existing in benign and neoplastic forms of gammopathy is the main foundation for the adequate and optimal use of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marta Pugliese
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent System (ISASI), 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo
- Legal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria SNC, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Wu H, Wu Y, Ren L, Zhai W, Jiang Y, Guo S, Tao D, Su C, Chen Z, Jiang H. Effects of triptolide on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3291-3298. [PMID: 30988704 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), an extract of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that further possesses anticancer activity. Its antiproliferative effects are well established. Only few studies have focused on TPL as a potential treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). In the current study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from patients with MM were isolated and treated with TPL at varying concentrations. Thalidomide is currently used as a positive control drug in the treatment of MM. Cell Counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess proliferation activity and flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein/propidium iodide was used to detect cell apoptosis of TPL-treated BMMSCs. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to measure interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and stem cell factor (SCF or Kit ligand) mRNA expression and western blot assays were performed to analyze transcription factor p65 (P65) expression in TPL-treated BMMSCs. ELISA was applied to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the supernatant of the cultured and treated BMMSCs. TPL treatment significantly inhibited BMMSC proliferation compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). At 48 h following TPL treatment, a Cell Counting kit-8 study was performed and the IC50 value was determined at 101.55±2.45 ng/ml. Apoptotic rates were observed to increase with increasing concentrations of TPL (P<0.001), and IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression was significantly decreased with increasing TPL (P<0.001). P65 expression following TPL treatment was significantly decreased compared with the untreated control (P<0.05). VEGF levels were significantly reduced in the presence of increasing amounts of TPL (P<0.05). These findings suggest that TPL inhibited BMMSC growth and improved the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment by decreasing IL-6, IL-1β and SCF mRNA expression, subsequently inhibiting the proliferation of MM cells. Therefore, TPL may be used in the future to treat patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wo Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Diehong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyong Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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Corradi G, Baldazzi C, Očadlíková D, Marconi G, Parisi S, Testoni N, Finelli C, Cavo M, Curti A, Ciciarello M. Mesenchymal stromal cells from myelodysplastic and acute myeloid leukemia patients display in vitro reduced proliferative potential and similar capacity to support leukemia cell survival. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:271. [PMID: 30359303 PMCID: PMC6202844 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an essential element of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, playing a crucial function in regulating hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent findings have outlined a putative role for MSCs in hematological malignancy development. So far, conflicting results have been collected concerning MSC abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In particular, a considerable amount of evidence has been accumulated strongly supporting a permissive role of MSCs in malignancy evolution to MDS, while a potentially causative or promoting function performed by MSCs in AML has not yet been fully clarified. Here, we compared MSCs isolated from healthy, MDS, and AML subjects to investigate MSC alterations and to emphasize putative common and/or diverse features. METHODS We isolated and expanded MSCs from AML patients (AML-MSCs) and MDS patients (MDS-MSCs), and we analyzed and compared their phenotypic and functional properties with respect to each other and versus healthy donor-derived MSCs (HD-MSCs). RESULTS We found that stable MSC cultures could be easily established from HD and MDS mononuclear BM-derived cells, while a substantial fraction (25%) of AML patients failed to yield MSCs. Nevertheless, isolated MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs, as well as HD-MSCs, contained the basic features of MSCs. Indeed, they displayed similar surface marker expression and efficient capacity to differentiate versus osteogenic and adipogenic lineage in vitro. We also proved that MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs, analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, did not harbor leukemic cell cytogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs were similar in terms of ability to sustain AML cell viability and immune-regulatory capacity. However, we were also able to detect some differences between AML-MSCs and MDS-MSCs. Indeed, we found that the frequency of rescued MSCs was lower in the AML group than in the HD and MDS groups, suggesting that a reduced number of MSC precursors could inhabit AML BM. Instead, MDS-MSCs showed the lowest proliferative capacity, reflecting some intrinsic and particular defect. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results elucidated that MDS-MSCs and AML-MSCs did not show macroscopic and/or tumor-related defects, but both displayed functional features potentially contributing to favor a leukemia-protective milieu.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Baldazzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Darina Očadlíková
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marconi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Testoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. & A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Maiti SK, Shivakumar MU, Mohan D, Kumar N, Singh KP. Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Different Origin-Seeded Bioceramic Construct in Regeneration of Bone Defect in Rabbit. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:477-492. [PMID: 30603571 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell is currently playing a major role in the treatment of number of incurable diseases via transplantation therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the osteogenic potential of allogenic and xenogenic bone-derived MSC seeded on a hydroxyapatite (HA/TCP) bioceramic construct in critical size bone defect (CSD) in rabbits. METHODS A 15 mm long radial osteotomy was performed unilaterally in thirty-six rabbits divided equally in six groups. Bone defects were filled with bioscaffold seeded with autologous, allogenic, ovine, canine BMSCs and cell free bioscaffold block in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively. An empty defect served as the control group. RESULTS The radiological, histological and SEM observations depicted better and early signs of new bone formation and bridging bone/implant interfaces in the animals of group A followed by B. Both xenogenous MSC-HA/TCP construct also accelerated the healing of critical sized bone defect. There was no sign of any inflammatory reaction in the xenogenic composite scaffold group of animals confirmed their well acceptance by the host body. CONCLUSION In vivo experiments in rabbit CSD model confirmed that autogenous, allogenous and xenogenous BMSC seeded on bioscaffold promoted faster healing of critical size defects. Hence, we may suggest that BMSCs are suitable for bone formation in fracture healing and non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Maiti
- 1Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar-Pradesh 243122 India
| | - M U Shivakumar
- 1Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar-Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Divya Mohan
- 1Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar-Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- 1Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar-Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- 2Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar-Pradesh 243122 India
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14
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Xu S, De Veirman K, De Becker A, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma: a therapeutical tool or target? Leukemia 2018; 32:1500-1514. [PMID: 29535427 PMCID: PMC6035148 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell (PC) disorder, characterized by a complex interactive network of tumour cells and the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment, contributing to MM cell survival, proliferation and chemoresistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent the predominant stem cell population of the bone marrow stroma, capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. MSCs can migrate towards primary tumours and metastatic sites, implying that these cells might modulate tumour growth and metastasis. However, this issue remains controversial and is not well understood. Interestingly, several recent studies have shown functional abnormalities of MM patient-derived MSCs indicating that MSCs are not just by-standers in the BM microenvironment but rather active players in the pathophysiology of this disease. It appears that the complex interaction of MSCs and MM cells is critical for MM development and disease outcome. This review will focus on the current understanding of the biological role of MSCs in MM as well as the potential utility of MSC-based therapies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department Hematology- Stem Cell Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
- Research Group Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The median survival has increased to 6 years in recent years. But MM remains incurable. Some studies about the effects of Chinese herb medicine on MM have been carried out. Long survival in MM patients through Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies has been reported rarely before. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a female patient who was diagnosed with MM in 2000 at the age of 49. She received 9 cycles of multiple chemotherapeutic regimens mainly based on melphalan from September 2000 to May 2001. Though her condition was under control in some degree, she discontinued treatment due to significant side effects such as fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever, chill, larynx mucosa ulcers, pharynx mucosa ulcers, and poor appetite. Instead, she sought treatment with TCM alone. DIAGNOSES Based on the TCM theory, the patient's condition was categorized as Xue Bi. INTERVENTIONS Up to the present, the patient has been using modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang (HGWT) continuously for 18 years. In this prescription, Radix Astragali is an important herb. When the patient's condition worsened, its dosage was increased from 30 to 120g. Besides, she has been eating Radix Astragali porridge or drinking Radix Astragali tea for almost 18 years at the same time. OUTCOMES Throughout the period, no obvious side effects have been observed and her health condition remains stable. LESSONS Polysaccharides isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali) and Polyporus umbellatus could promote maturation of dendritic cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids isolated from Astragalus membranaceus could regulate bone marrow microenvironment by inhibiting secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 p40 and bidirectionally regulating the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts. Besides, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, another important component of the prescription, has inhibitory effects on osteolytic bone lesions. This case suggests TCM treatment may have a positive therapeutic effect on MM. Modified HGWT, especially the Chinese herb medicine Radix Astragali could potentially be an alternative option for the treatment of MM. Both pharmacological studies and randomized clinical trials are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang Huang
- International Jingfang Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ejtehadifar M, Halabian R, Fooladi AAI, Ghazavi A, Mosayebi G. Anti-cancer effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin type B on U266 cells co-cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Ozdogan H, Gur Dedeoglu B, Oztemur Islakoglu Y, Aydos A, Kose S, Atalay A, Yegin ZA, Avcu F, Uckan Cetinkaya D, Ilhan O. DICER1 gene and miRNA dysregulation in mesenchymal stem cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 63:62-71. [PMID: 29102598 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are key components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The contribution of this microenvironment to the pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well defined. A recent study in mice demonstrated that DICER1 gene deletion in osteoprogenitor cells from the BM microenvironment suppressed osteogenic differentiation and induced MDS and AML-like haematological findings. The present study evaluated the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and DICER1 gene in BM-derived MSC of patients with AML (n=12), MDS (n=10) and healthy controls (HC) (n=8).miRNA expression profiles were analyzed by microarray and confirmations were performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Patient MSC displayed impaired proliferative and differentiation potential compared to HC. DICER1 gene expression was lower in MSC from MDS and AML patients than HC and some differentially expressed miRNAs indicated the potential involvement of DICER1 in the pathogenesis of MDS and AML. qRT-PCR confirmation revealed down-regulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-30d-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p and hsa-miR-30a-3p in MDS; hsa-miR-1275, hsa-miR-4725-5p and hsa-miR-143-3p in AML) and over-expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-4462 in MDS; hsa-miR-134-5p and hsa-miR-874-3p in AML) in MDS and AML. Thus, our findings validate the results of the aforementioned animal study and demonstrate downregulation of DICER1 gene and abnormal miRNA profile in MDS and AML, which may have implications for understanding MDS and AML pathogenesis and contribute to developing targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ozdogan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Alp Aydos
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Kose
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Arzu Yegin
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Department of Hematology, Memorial Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uckan Cetinkaya
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Ilhan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kumar A, Anand T, Bhattacharyya J, Sharma A, Jaganathan BG. K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells modify osteogenic differentiation and gene expression of bone marrow stromal cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:441-50. [PMID: 28963654 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays an important role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. As a consequence of interaction with the leukemic cells, the stromal cells of the bone marrow become deregulated in their normal function and gene expression. In our study, we found that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from BM of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients have defective osteogenic differentiation and on interaction with K562 CML cells, the normal MSC showed reduced osteogenic differentiation. On interaction with K562 cells or its secreted factors, MSC acquired phenotypic abnormalities and secreted high levels of IL6 through NFκB activation. The MSC derived secreted factors provided a survival advantage to CML cells from imatinib induced apoptosis. Thus, a therapy targeting stromal cells in addition to leukemia cells might be more effective in eliminating CML cells.
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Tenreiro MM, Correia ML, Brito MA. Endothelial progenitor cells in multiple myeloma neovascularization: a brick to the wall. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:443-62. [PMID: 28840415 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow that leads to events such as bone destruction, anaemia and renal failure. Despite the several therapeutic options available, there is still no effective cure, and the standard survival is up to 4 years. The evolution from the asymptomatic stage of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM and the progression of the disease itself are related to cellular and molecular alterations in the bone marrow microenvironment, including the development of the vasculature. Post-natal vasculogenesis is characterized by the recruitment to the tumour vasculature of bone marrow progenitors, known as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which incorporate newly forming blood vessels and differentiate into endothelial cells. Several processes related to EPCs, such as recruitment, mobilization, adhesion and differentiation, are tightly controlled by cells and molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, the bone marrow microenvironment and the mechanisms associated to the development of the neovasculature promoted by EPCs are discussed in detail in both a non-pathological scenario and in MM. The latest developments in therapy targeting the vasculature and EPCs in MM are also highlighted. The identification and characterization of the pathways relevant to the complex setting of MM are of utter importance to identify not only biomarkers for an early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring, but also to reveal intervention targets for more effective therapy directed to cancer cells and the endothelial mediators relevant to neovasculature development.
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Li S, Jiang Y, Li A, Liu X, Xing X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Hao Y, Zheng C. Telomere length is positively associated with the expression of IL‑6 and MIP‑1α in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of multiple myeloma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2497-2504. [PMID: 28677723 PMCID: PMC5547952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential roles of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) are largely unknown. In the current study, the authors analyzed telomere length and the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in MSCs derived from the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients and controls. The current results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in cell surface expression of CD73 and CD90, and the capacity to differentiate into bone tissue were identified between the BM MSCs derived from MM patients and controls. Interestingly, telomere length (TL) and mRNA expressions of IL-6 and MIP-1α were significantly longer or higher in BM MSCs of MM than those of controls. Moreover, TL is positively associated with the expressions of IL-6 and MIP-1α at the mRNA level in BM MSCs of MM. Additionally, IL-6 and MIP-1α expression were significantly upregulated when MSCs from MM patients were cultured in the myeloma associated condition medium. The present study indicated that myeloma-associated elongation of TL of BM MSCs may be a key element contributing to the increased IL-6 and MIP-1α expression, by which MSCs in the tumor microenvironment may facilitate MM and/or MM bone disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yunliang Hao
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, P.R. China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Xiang RF, Wang Y, Zhang N, Xu WB, Cao Y, Tong J, Li JM, Wu YL, Yan H. MK2206 enhances the cytocidal effects of bufalin in multiple myeloma by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2776. [PMID: 28492559 PMCID: PMC5520709 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of promising cancer therapeutic drugs, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease. Bufalin is a bufanolide steroid compound of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan Su that was previously shown to exert growth suppression effects on myeloma cell lines. Previous studies conducted by our group demonstrated that bufalin activated the AKT/mTOR pathway in myeloma cells, which is considered an essential pathway to disease progression and is related to drug resistance in MM. In view of the significant role of AKT in MM, the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 was selected in order to enhance the antitumor effects of bufalin in different MM cell lines (NCI-H929, U266, LP-1 and RPMI8226). The data indicated that MK2206 enhanced the cytotoxicity of bufalin in MM cells, via the suppression of cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis, as demonstrated by cleavage of apoptosis-related proteins. This effect was further noted in the presence of exogenous interleukin-6 and/or following the co-culture of MM cells with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This process was associated with the inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. The combination of bufalin with MK2206 reduced the secretion of IL-6 in U266 cells. The combined treatment exhibited similar anti-MM effects in bortezomib-resistant cell lines (NCI-H929R, U266R). In addition to the in vitro cell line models, the synergistic effect was noted in primary MM cells and in MM xenografts of BALB-c and NOD-SCID mice. In conclusion, the data suggested that MK2206 significantly enhanced the cytocidal effects of bufalin in MM cells, regardless of the sensitivity to bortezomib, via the inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. The study provided the basis of a promising treatment approach for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Fang Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Tong
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Zhao P, Chen Y, Yue Z, Yuan Y, Wang X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate stemness of multiple myeloma cell lines via BTK signaling pathway. Leuk Res 2017; 57:20-26. [PMID: 28273548 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are key components of bone marrow microenvironment. Although the importances of BM-MSCs activation in myeloma cells growth, development, progression, angiogenesis are well known, their role in the regulation of myeloma stemness is unclear. In this study, myeloma cell lines (LP-1, U266) were co-cultured with BM-MSCs, we found that BM-MSCs could up-regulate the expression of key stemness genes and proteins (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG) and increase clonogenicity. Similarly, the mechanisms underlying the BM-MSC activation of myeloma stemness remain unclear. Here, we found that PCI-32765, a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, treatment significantly down- regulate expression of key stemness genes and proteins in vitro co-culture system. Together, our results revealed that BM-MSCs could increase myeloma stemness via activation of the BTK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Yue
- Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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Furukawa M, Ohkawara H, Ogawa K, Ikeda K, Ueda K, Shichishima-Nakamura A, Ito E, Imai JI, Yanagisawa Y, Honma R, Watanabe S, Waguri S, Ikezoe T, Takeishi Y. Autocrine and Paracrine Interactions between Multiple Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Growth Arrest-specific Gene 6 Cross-talk with Interleukin-6. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4280-4292. [PMID: 28154173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has not yet been fully elucidated. Our microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed significant up-regulation of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein with a structural homology with protein S, in bone marrow (BM) cells of MM patients. ELISA showed that the serum levels of soluble Gas6 were significantly increased in the MM patients when compared with healthy controls. Gas6 was overexpressed in the human CD138-positive MM cell line RPMI-8226. Exogenous Gas6 suppressed apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and enhanced cell proliferation of the MM cells. The conditional medium from the human BM stromal cell line HS-5 induced cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis of the MM cells with extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation, which were reversed by the neutralizing antibody to Gas6 or IL-6. The TAM family receptor Mer, which has been identified as a Gas6 receptor, was overexpressed in BM cells of MM patients. The knockdown of Mer by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and up-regulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in MM cells stimulated by an HS-5 cell-conditioned medium. Furthermore, the Gas6-neutralizing antibody reduced the up-regulation of IL-6 and ICAM-1 induced by a HS-5 cell-conditioned medium in MM cells. The present study provides new evidence that autocrine and paracrine stimulation of Gas6 in concert with IL-6 contributes to the pathogenesis of MM, suggesting that Gas6-Mer-related signaling pathways may be a promising novel target for treating MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- From the Departments of Hematology.,Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, and
| | | | | | - Emi Ito
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Yuka Yanagisawa
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | | | - Shinya Watanabe
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295 and
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Zahedi S, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P. NF-Kβ Activation in U266 Cells on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:415-422. [PMID: 27766226 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are one of the essential members of Bone Marrow (BM) microenvironment and the cells affect normal and malignant cells in BM milieu. One of the most important hematological malignancies is Multiple Myeloma (MM). Numerous studies reported various effects of MSCs on myeloma cells. MSCs initiate various signaling pathways in myeloma cells, particularly NF-kβ. NF-kβ signaling pathway plays pivotal role in the survival, proliferation and resistance of myeloma cells to the anticancer drugs, therefore this pathway can be said to be a vital target for cancer therapy. This study examined the relationship between U266 cells and MSCs. Methods: U266 cells were cultured with Umbilical Cord Blood derived-MSCs (UCB-MSCs) and Conditioned Medium (C.M). Effect of UCB-MSCs and C.M on proliferation rate and CD54 expression of U266 cells were examined with MTT assay and Flowcytometry respectively. Furthermore, expression of CXCL1, PECAM-1, JUNB, CCL2, CD44, CCL4, IL-6, and IL-8 were analyzed by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR). Moreover, status of p65 protein in NF-kβ pathway assessed by western blotting. Results: Our findings confirm that UCB-MSCs support U266 cells proliferation and they increase CD54 expression. In addition, we demonstrate that UCB-MSCs alter the expression of CCL4, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1 and the levels of phosphorylated p65 in U266 cells. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel sight to the role of MSCs in the activation of NF-kβ signaling pathway. So, NF-kβ signaling pathway will be targeted in future therapies against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahedi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Peired AJ, Sisti A, Romagnani P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:4798639. [PMID: 27721835 PMCID: PMC5046016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4798639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells form a population of self-renewing, multipotent cells that can be isolated from several tissues. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of exogenous MSC could prevent renal injury and could promote renal recovery through a series of complex mechanisms, in particular via immunomodulation of the immune system and release of paracrine factors and microvesicles. Due to their therapeutic potentials, MSC are being evaluated as a possible player in treatment of human kidney disease, and an increasing number of clinical trials to assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in various kidney diseases have been proposed. In the present review, we will summarize the current knowledge on MSC infusion to treat acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and kidney transplantation. The data obtained from these clinical trials will provide further insight into safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in renal pathologies and allow the design of consensus protocol for clinical purpose.
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McNee G, Eales KL, Wei W, Williams DS, Barkhuizen A, Bartlett DB, Essex S, Anandram S, Filer A, Moss PA, Pratt G, Basu S, Davies CC, Tennant DA. Citrullination of histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:373-81. [PMID: 27400413 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable plasma cell malignancy, requires localisation within the bone marrow. This microenvironment facilitates crucial interactions between the cancer cells and stromal cell types that permit the tumour to survive and proliferate. There is increasing evidence that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) is stably altered in patients with MM-a phenotype also postulated to exist in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) a benign condition that precedes MM. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which increased expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) by BMMSCs in patients with MGUS and MM directly alters malignant plasma cell phenotype. We identify PADI2 as one of the most highly upregulated transcripts in BMMSCs from both MGUS and MM patients, and that through its enzymatic deimination of histone H3 arginine 26, PADI2 activity directly induces the upregulation of interleukin-6 expression. This leads to the acquisition of resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, bortezomib, by malignant plasma cells. We therefore describe a novel mechanism by which BMMSC dysfunction in patients with MGUS and MM directly leads to pro-malignancy signalling through the citrullination of histone H3R26.
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Marcus H, Attar-Schneider O, Dabbah M, Zismanov V, Tartakover-Matalon S, Lishner M, Drucker L. Mesenchymal stem cells secretomes' affect multiple myeloma translation initiation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:620-30. [PMID: 26976208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' (BM-MSCs) role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis is recognized. Recently, we have published that co-culture of MM cell lines with BM-MSCs results in mutual modulation of phenotype and proteome (via translation initiation (TI) factors eIF4E/eIF4GI) and that there are differences between normal donor BM-MSCs (ND-MSCs) and MM BM-MSCs (MM-MSCs) in this crosstalk. Here, we aimed to assess the involvement of soluble BM-MSCs' (ND, MM) components, more easily targeted, in manipulation of MM cell lines phenotype and TI with specific focus on microvesicles (MVs) capable of transferring critical biological material. We applied ND and MM-MSCs 72h secretomes to MM cell lines (U266 and ARP-1) for 12-72h and then assayed the cells' (viability, cell count, cell death, proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy) and TI (factors: eIF4E, teIF4GI; regulators: mTOR, MNK1/2, 4EBP; targets: cyclin D1, NFκB, SMAD5, cMyc, HIF1α). Furthermore, we dissected the secretome into >100kDa and <100kDa fractions and repeated the experiments. Finally, MVs were isolated from the ND and MM-MSCs secretomes and applied to MM cell lines. Phenotype and TI were assessed. Secretomes of BM-MSCs (ND, MM) significantly stimulated MM cell lines' TI, autophagy and proliferation. The dissected secretome yielded different effects on MM cell lines phenotype and TI according to fraction (>100kDa- repressed; <100kDa- stimulated) but with no association to source (ND, MM). Finally, in analyses of MVs extracted from BM-MSCs (ND, MM) we witnessed differences in accordance with source: ND-MSCs MVs inhibited proliferation, autophagy and TI whereas MM-MSCs MVs stimulated them. These observations highlight the very complex communication between MM and BM-MSCs and underscore its significance to major processes in the malignant cells. Studies into the influential MVs cargo are underway and expected to uncover targetable signals in the regulation of the TI/proliferation/autophagy cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marcus
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Attar-Schneider
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Dabbah
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - V Zismanov
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Tartakover-Matalon
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Attar-Schneider O, Zismanov V, Dabbah M, Tartakover-Matalon S, Drucker L, Lishner M. Multiple myeloma and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' crosstalk: Effect on translation initiation. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1343-54. [PMID: 26293751 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) malignant plasma cells reside in the bone marrow (BM) and convert it into a specialized pre-neoplastic niche that promotes the proliferation and survival of the cancer cells. BM resident mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are altered in MM and in vitro studies indicate their transformation by MM proximity is within hours. The response time frame suggested that protein translation may be implicated. Thus, we assembled a co-culture model of MM cell lines with MSCs from normal donors (ND) and MM patients to test our hypothesis. The cell lines (U266, ARP-1) and BM-MSCs (ND, MM) were harvested separately after 72 h of co-culture and assayed for proliferation, death, levels of major translation initiation factors (eIF4E, eIF4GI), their targets, and regulators. Significant changes were observed: BM-MSCs (ND and MM) co-cultured with MM cell lines displayed elevated proliferation and death as well as increased expression/activity of eIF4E/eIF4GI; MM cell lines co-cultured with MM-MSCs also displayed higher proliferation and death rates coupled with augmented translation initiation factors; in contrast, MM cell lines co-cultured with ND-MSCs did not display elevated proliferation only death and had no changes in eIF4GI levels/activity. eIF4E expression was increased in one of the cell lines. Our study demonstrates that there is direct dialogue between the MM and BM-MSCs populations that includes translation initiation manipulation and critically affects cell fate. Future research should be aimed at identifying therapeutic targets that may be used to minimize the collateral damage to the cancer microenvironment and limit its recruitment into the malignant process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat Attar-Schneider
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Zismanov
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Dabbah
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Tartakover-Matalon
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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30
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Kim HY, Moon JY, Ryu H, Choi YS, Song IC, Lee HJ, Yun HJ, Kim S, Jo DY. Bortezomib inhibits the survival and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells. Blood Res 2015; 50:87-96. [PMID: 26157778 PMCID: PMC4486164 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bortezomib is widely used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) endow myeloma cells with survival and growth advantages. However, the influence of bortezomib on BMSCs is not well elucidated. We examined the effects of bortezomib on the survival and growth of BMSCs in vitro. METHODS The effects of bortezomib on the survival and proliferation of the BMSC MS-5 cell line and on BMSCs obtained from healthy individuals (N=4) and newly diagnosed myeloma patients (N=5) were investigated in vitro. Transmembrane cell migration was evaluated using the Transwell system. A short interfering RNA strategy was used to knock down the expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) mRNA. To examine the effects of bortezomib-exposed BMSCs on the migration and localization of myeloma cells, MS-5 monolayers were treated with bortezomib for 24 hr, washed, and then overlaid with human RPMI8226 myeloma cells. RESULTS Bortezomib inhibited BMSC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced cellular apoptosis. Bortezomib decreased CXCL12 production by BMSCs. Knockdown of CXCL12 mRNA in BMSCs revealed that CXCL12 served as an autocrine growth factor. Short-term bortezomib treatment of BMSC monolayers reduced the tendency of myeloma cells to locate to positions under the monolayers. CONCLUSION Bortezomib inhibits the survival and growth of BMSCs via downregulation of CXCL12, which may contribute to the clinical effects of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yon Kim
- Department of Drug Activity, New Drug Development Center, Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haewon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jung Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Samyong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Deog-Yeon Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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31
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Garcia-Gomez A, De Las Rivas J, Ocio EM, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Montero JC, Martín M, Blanco JF, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Pandiella A, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Transcriptomic profile induced in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after interaction with multiple myeloma cells: implications in myeloma progression and myeloma bone disease. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8284-305. [PMID: 25268740 PMCID: PMC4226683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence about the implication of the bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth and survival, little is known about the effects of myelomatous cells on BM stromal cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (dMSCs) or myeloma patients (pMSCs) were co-cultured with the myeloma cell line MM.1S, and the transcriptomic profile of MSCs induced by this interaction was analyzed. Deregulated genes after co-culture common to both d/pMSCs revealed functional involvement in tumor microenvironment cross-talk, myeloma growth induction and drug resistance, angiogenesis and signals for osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Additional genes induced by co-culture were exclusively deregulated in pMSCs and predominantly associated to RNA processing, the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress and non-canonical Wnt signaling. The upregulated expression of five genes after co-culture (CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL6 in d/pMSCs, and Neuregulin 3 and Norrie disease protein exclusively in pMSCs) was confirmed, and functional in vitro assays revealed putative roles in MM pathophysiology. The transcriptomic profile of pMSCs co-cultured with myeloma cells may better reflect that of MSCs in the BM of myeloma patients, and provides new molecular insights to the contribution of these cells to MM pathophysiology and to myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M Ocio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martín
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan F Blanco
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín M Sanchez-Guijo
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain. Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Vascularization remains one of the most important challenges that must be overcome for tissue engineering to be consistently implemented for reconstruction of large volume bone defects. An extensive vascular network is needed for transport of nutrients, waste and progenitor cells required for remodelling and repair. A variety of tissue engineering strategies have been investigated in an attempt to vascularize tissues, including those applying cells, soluble factor delivery strategies, novel design and optimization of bio-active materials, vascular assembly pre-implantation and surgical techniques. However, many of these strategies face substantial barriers that must be overcome prior to their ultimate translation into clinical application. In this review recent progress in engineering vascularized bone will be presented with an emphasis on clinical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Roux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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Ciavarella S, Caselli A, Tamma AV, Savonarola A, Loverro G, Paganelli R, Tucci M, Silvestris F. A peculiar molecular profile of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells drives their inhibitory effects on multiple myeloma cell growth and tumor progression. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1457-70. [PMID: 25758779 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are under intensive investigation in preclinical models of cytotherapies against cancer, including multiple myeloma (MM). However, the therapeutic use of stromal progenitors holds critical safety concerns due to their potential MM-supporting activity in vivo. Here, we explored whether MSCs from sources other than BM, such as adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), affect MM cell growth in comparison to either normal (nBM-MSCs) or myelomatous marrow MSCs (MM-BM-MSCs). Results from both proliferation and clonogenic assays indicated that, in contrast to nBM- and MM-BM-MSCs, both AD and particularly UC-MSCs significantly inhibit MM cell clonogenicity and growth in vitro. Furthermore, when co-injected with UC-MSCs into mice, RPMI-8226 MM cells formed smaller subcutaneous tumor masses, while peritumoral injections of the same MSC subtype significantly delayed the tumor burden growing in subcutaneous plasmocytoma-bearing mice. Finally, both microarrays and ELISA revealed different expression of several genes and soluble factors in UC-MSCs as compared with other MSCs. Our data suggest that UC-MSCs have a distinct molecular profile that correlates with their intrinsic anti-MM activity and emphasize the UCs as ideal sources of MSCs for future cell-based therapies against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Ciavarella
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Valentina Tamma
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Savonarola
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loverro
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- 2Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Ce.S.I. Center for Aging Studies, Stem TECH Group, University "G. D'Annunzio," Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
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Berenstein R, Blau O, Nogai A, Waechter M, Slonova E, Schmidt-Hieber M, Kunitz A, Pezzutto A, Doerken B, Blau IW. Multiple myeloma cells alter the senescence phenotype of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells under participation of the DLK1-DIO3 genomic region. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:68. [PMID: 25886144 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations and senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells of multiple myeloma patients (MM-BMMSCs) have become an important research focus. However the role of senescence in the pathophysiology of MM is not clear. Methods Correlation between senescence, cell cycle and microRNA expression of MM-BMMSCs (n = 89) was analyzed. Gene expression analysis, copy number analysis and methylation specific PCR were performed by Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, cyclin E1, cyclin D1, p16 and p21 genes were analyzed at the protein level using ELISA. Cell cycle and senescence were analyzed by FACS. MiRNA transfection was performed with miR-485-5p inhibitor and mimic followed by downstream analysis of senescence and cell cycle characteristics of MM-BMMSCs. Results were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test depending on the experimental set up. Results MM-BMMSCs displayed increased senescence associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-βGalA), cell cycle arrest in S phase and overexpression of microRNAs. The overexpressed microRNAs miR-485-5p and miR-519d are located on DLK1-DIO3 and C19MC, respectively. Analyses revealed copy number accumulation and hypomethylation of both clusters. KMS12-PE myeloma cells decreased SA-βGalA and influenced cell cycle characteristics of MM-BMMSCs. MiR-485-5p was significantly decreased in co-cultured MM-BMMSCs in connection with an increased methylation of DLK1-DIO3. Modification of miR-485-5p levels using microRNA mimic or inhibitor altered senescence and cell cycle characteristics of MM-BMMSCs. Conclusions Here, we show for the first time that MM-BMMSCs have aberrant methylation and copy number of the DLK1-DIO3 and C19MC genomic region. Furthermore, this is the first study pointing that multiple myeloma cells in vitro reduce both the senescence phenotype of MM-BMMSCs and the expression of miR-223 and miR-485-5p. Thus, it is questionable whether senescence of MM-BMMSCs plays a pathological role in active multiple myeloma or is more important when cell interaction with myeloma cells is inhibited. Furthermore, we found that MiR-485-5p, which is located on the DLK1-DIO3 cluster, seems to participate in the regulation of senescence status and cell cycle characteristics of MM-BMMSCs. Thus, further exploration of the microRNAs of DLK1-DIO3 could provide further insights into the origin of the senescence state and its reversal in MM-BMMSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1078-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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André T, Najar M, Stamatopoulos B, Pieters K, Pradier O, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L. Immune impairments in multiple myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:213-24. [PMID: 25341809 PMCID: PMC11029797 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM), bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play an important role in pathogenesis and disease progression by supporting myeloma cell growth and immune escape. Previous studies have suggested that direct and indirect interactions between malignant cells and BM-MSCs result in constitutive abnormal immunomodulatory capacities in MM BM-MSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms that underlie these MM BM-MSCs abnormalities. We demonstrated that MM BM-MSCs exhibit abnormal expression of CD40/40L, VCAM1, ICAM-1, LFA-3, HO-1, HLA-DR and HLA-ABC. Furthermore, an overproduction of IL-6 (1,806 ± 152.5 vs 719.6 ± 18.22 ng/mL; p = 0.035) and a reduced secretion of IL-10 (136 ± 15.02 vs 346.4 ± 35.32 ng/mL; p = 0.015) were quantified in culture medium when MM BM-MSCs were co-cultured with T lymphocytes compared to co-cultures with healthy donor (HD) BM-MSCs. An increased Th17/Treg ratio was observed when T cells were co-cultured with MM BM-MSCs compared to co-cultures with HD BM-MSCs (0.955 vs 0.055). Together, these observations demonstrated that altered immunomodulation capacities of MM BM-MSCs were linked to variations in their immunogenicity and secretion profile. These alterations lead not only to a reduced inhibition of T cell proliferation but also to a shift in the Th17/Treg balance. We identified factors that are potentially responsible for these alterations, such as IL-6, VCAM-1 and CD40, which could also be associated with MM pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud André
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium,
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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Isidori A, Salvestrini V, Ciciarello M, Loscocco F, Visani G, Parisi S, Lecciso M, Ocadlikova D, Rossi L, Gabucci E, Clissa C, Curti A. The role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia development and treatment. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:807-18. [PMID: 25227702 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.958464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional interplay between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and the bone marrow microenvironment is a distinctive characteristic of this hematological cancer. Indeed, a large body of evidence suggests that proliferation, survival and drug resistance of AML are sustained and modulated by the bone marrow immunosuppressive microenvironment, where both innate and adaptive immune responses are profoundly deregulated. Furthermore, the presence of a number of different immunosuppressive mechanisms results in massive immune deregulation, which causes the eventual escape from natural immune control. Modulating the immune system, as documented by 40 years of stem cell transplantation, may improve survival of AML patients, as the immune system is clearly able to recognize and attack leukemic cells. The understanding of the factors responsible for the escape from immune destruction in AML, which becomes more prominent with disease progression, is necessary for the development of innovative immunotherapeutic treatment modalities in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Isidori
- Haematology and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Via Lombroso, 1, 61122, Pesaro, Italy
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Choi DS, Stark DJ, Raphael RM, Wen J, Su J, Zhou X, Chang CC, Zu Y. SDF-1α stiffens myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells through the activation of RhoA-ROCK-Myosin II. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E219-29. [PMID: 25137150 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B lymphocyte malignancy that remains incurable despite extensive research efforts. This is due, in part, to frequent disease recurrences associated with the persistence of myeloma cancer stem cells (mCSCs). Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) play critical roles in supporting mCSCs through genetic or biochemical alterations. Previously, we identified mechanical distinctions between BMSCs isolated from MM patients (mBMSCs) and those present in the BM of healthy individuals (nBMSCs). These properties of mBMSC contributed to their ability to preferentially support mCSCs. To further illustrate mechanisms underlying the differences between mBMSCs and nBMSCs, here we report that (i) mBMSCs express an abnormal, constitutively high level of phosphorylated Myosin II, which leads to stiffer membrane mechanics, (ii) mBMSCs are more sensitive to SDF-1α-induced activation of MYL2 through the G(i./o)-PI3K-RhoA-ROCK-Myosin II signaling pathway, affecting Young's modulus in BMSCs and (iii) activated Myosin II confers increased cell contractile potential, leading to enhanced collagen matrix remodeling and promoting the cell-cell interaction between mCSCs and mBMSCs. Together, our findings suggest that interfering with SDF-1α signaling may serve as a new therapeutic approach for eliminating mCSCs by disrupting their interaction with mBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soon Choi
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
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Noll JE, Williams SA, Tong CM, Wang H, Quach JM, Purton LE, Pilkington K, To LB, Evdokiou A, Gronthos S, Zannettino ACW. Myeloma plasma cells alter the bone marrow microenvironment by stimulating the proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Haematologica 2013; 99:163-71. [PMID: 23935020 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematologic cancer characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Numerous studies suggest that the myeloma plasma cells occupy and alter the stromal tissue of the bone marrow as a means of enhancing their survival and growth. However, the nature and magnitude of the changes to the stromal cell tissue remain to be determined. In this study, we used mesenchymal stromal cell and osteoblast-related cell surface marker expression (STRO-1 and alkaline phosphatase, respectively) and flow cytometry to enumerate mesenchymal stromal cell and osteoblast numbers in bone marrow recovered from myeloma patients at the time of diagnosis. Using this approach, we identified an increase in the number of STRO-1 positive colony forming mesenchymal stromal cells and a concomitant decrease in alkaline phophatase osteoblasts. Notably, this increase in mesenchymal stromal cell numbers correlated closely with plasma cell burden at the time of diagnosis. In addition, in comparison with the osteoblast population, the STRO-1+ mesenchymal stromal cell population was found to express higher levels of plasma cell- and osteoclast-activating factors, including RANKL and IL-6, providing a mechanism by which an increase in mesenchymal stromal cells may promote and aid the progression of myeloma. Importantly, these findings were faithfully replicated in the C57BL/KaLwRij murine model of myeloma, suggesting that this model may present a unique and clinically relevant system in which to identify and therapeutically modulate the bone microenvironment and, in turn, alter the progression of myeloma disease.
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Ciavarella S, Caselli A, Savonarola A, Tamma AV, Tucci M, Silvestris F. Cytotherapies in multiple myeloma: a complementary approach to current treatments? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13 Suppl 1:S23-34. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.796357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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André T, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, De Bruyn C, Pieters K, Bron D, Lagneaux L. Evidences of early senescence in multiple myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59756. [PMID: 23555770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In multiple myeloma, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells support myeloma cell growth. Previous studies have suggested that direct and indirect interactions between malignant cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells result in constitutive abnormalities in the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Design and Methods The aims of this study were to investigate the constitutive abnormalities in myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and to evaluate the impact of new treatments. Results We demonstrated that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increased cell size, reduced proliferation capacity and characteristic expression of senescence-associated secretory profile members. We also observed a reduction in osteoblastogenic capacity and immunomodulatory activity and an increase in hematopoietic support capacity. Finally, we determined that current treatments were able to partially reduce some abnormalities in secreted factors, proliferation and osteoblastogenesis. Conclusions We showed that myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells have an early senescent profile with profound alterations in their characteristics. This senescent state most likely participates in disease progression and relapse by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Mayani H. Hematopoietic and microenvironment alterations in bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma. Leuk Res 2012; 37:228-9. [PMID: 23246222 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Tallo 2, D-102, San Pablo Tepetlapa, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04620, Mexico.
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Pevsner-Fischer M, Levin S, Hammer-Topaz T, Cohen Y, Mor F, Wagemaker G, Nagler A, Cohen IR, Zipori D. Stable changes in mesenchymal stromal cells from multiple myeloma patients revealed through their responses to Toll-like receptor ligands and epidermal growth factor. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:343-54. [PMID: 21881833 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In human multiple myeloma (MM), the tumor cells exhibit strict dependence on bone marrow (BM) stromal elements. It has been suggested that, in turn, MM cells modify multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), diverting them to support the myeloma. We investigated MM-derived MSCs by comparing their toll-like receptor (TLR) responses to those of MSCs derived from healthy controls. We now report that MM-derived MSCs manifested intact proliferation responses and IL-6 secretion and their adipose and osteogenic differentiation responses to TLR ligands were also similar to those of healthy controls, ranging from augmentation to inhibition. However, MM-derived MSCs were found to be defective in IL-8 secretion and ERK1/2 phosphorylation following TLR-2 activation. Moreover, MM-derived MSCs failed to respond to EGF by elevation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The persistence of these changes in extensively cultured MM-derived MSCs, suggests that these cells are stably, if not irreversibly modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Pevsner-Fischer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Li X, Ling W, Khan S, Yaccoby S. Therapeutic effects of intrabone and systemic mesenchymal stem cell cytotherapy on myeloma bone disease and tumor growth. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1635-48. [PMID: 22460389 PMCID: PMC3395777 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cytotherapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been evaluated in various disorders including those involving inflammation, autoimmunity, bone regeneration, and cancer. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a systemic malignancy associated with induction of osteolytic lesions that often are not repaired even after prolonged remission. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of intrabone and systemic injections of MSCs on MM bone disease, tumor growth, and tumor regrowth in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-rab model and to shed light on the exact localization of systemically injected MSCs. Intrabone injection of MSCs, but not hematopoietic stem cells, into myelomatous bones prevented MM-induced bone disease, promoted bone formation, and inhibited MM growth. After remission was induced with melphalan treatment, intrabone-injected MSCs promoted bone formation and delayed myeloma cell regrowth in bone. Most intrabone or systemically injected MSCs were undetected 2 to 4 weeks after injection. The bone-building effects of MSCs were mediated through activation of endogenous osteoblasts and suppression of osteoclast activity. Although a single intravenous injection of MSCs had no effect on MM, sequential weekly intravenous injections of MSCs prevented MM-induced bone disease but had no effect on tumor burden. MSCs expressed high levels of anti-inflammatory (eg, HMOX1) and bone-remodeling (eg, Decorin, CYR61) mediators. In vitro, MSCs promoted osteoblast maturation and suppressed osteoclast formation, and these effects were partially prevented by blocking decorin. A subset of intravenously or intracardially injected MSCs trafficked to myelomatous bone in SCID-rab mice. Although the majority of intravenously injected MSCs were trapped in lungs, intracardially injected MSCs were mainly localized in draining mesenteric lymph nodes. This study shows that exogenous MSCs act as bystander cells to inhibit MM-induced bone disease and tumor growth and that systemically injected MSCs are attracted to bone by myeloma cells or conditions induced by MM and inhibit bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Danylesko I, Beider K, Shimoni A, Nagler A. Novel strategies for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: previous experience and future directions. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:753407. [PMID: 22649466 DOI: 10.1155/2012/753407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a life-threatening haematological malignancy for which standard therapy is inadequate. Autologous stem cell transplantation is a relatively effective treatment, but residual malignant sites may cause relapse. Allogeneic transplantation may result in durable responses due to antitumour immunity mediated by donor lymphocytes. However, morbidity and mortality related to graft-versus-host disease remain a challenge. Recent advances in understanding the interaction between the immune system of the patient and the malignant cells are influencing the design of clinically more efficient study protocols for MM.
Cellular immunotherapy using specific antigen-presenting cells (APCs), to overcome aspects of immune incompetence in MM patients, has received great attention, and numerous clinical trials have evaluated the potential for dendritic cell (DC) vaccines as a novel immunotherapeutic approach. This paper will summarize the data investigating aspects of immunity concerning MM, immunotherapy for patients with MM, and strategies, on the way, to target the plasma cell more selectively. We also include the MM antigens and their specific antibodies that are of potential use for MM humoral immunotherapy, because they have demonstrated the most promising preclinical results.
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Garcia-Gomez A, Ocio EM, Crusoe E, Santamaria C, Hernández-Campo P, Blanco JF, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Hernández-Iglesias T, Briñón JG, Fisac-Herrero RM, Lee FY, Pandiella A, San Miguel JF, Garayoa M. Dasatinib as a bone-modifying agent: anabolic and anti-resorptive effects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34914. [PMID: 22539950 PMCID: PMC3335111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone loss, in malignant or non-malignant diseases, is caused by increased osteoclast resorption and/or reduced osteoblast bone formation, and is commonly associated with skeletal complications. Thus, there is a need to identify new agents capable of influencing bone remodeling. We aimed to further pre-clinically evaluate the effects of dasatinib (BMS-354825), a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function. METHODS For studies on osteoblasts, primary human bone marrow mensenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) together with the hMSC-TERT and the MG-63 cell lines were employed. Osteoclasts were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy volunteers. Skeletally-immature CD1 mice were used in the in vivo model. RESULTS Dasatinib inhibited the platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), c-Src and c-Kit phosphorylation in hMSC-TERT and MG-63 cell lines, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation and activation of canonical Wnt signaling. Treatment of MSCs from healthy donors, but also from multiple myeloma patients with low doses of dasatinib (2-5 nM), promoted its osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization. The bone anabolic effect of dasatinib was also observed in vivo by targeting endogenous osteoprogenitors, as assessed by elevated serum levels of bone formation markers, and increased trabecular microarchitecture and number of osteoblast-like cells. By in vitro exposure of hemopoietic progenitors to a similar range of dasatinib concentrations (1-2 nM), novel biological sequelae relative to inhibition of osteoclast formation and resorptive function were identified, including F-actin ring disruption, reduced levels of c-Fos and of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) in the nucleus, together with lowered cathepsin K, αVβ3 integrin and CCR1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Low dasatinib concentrations show convergent bone anabolic and reduced bone resorption effects, which suggests its potential use for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, osteolytic bone metastasis and myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Edvan Crusoe
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Santamaria
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Hernández-Campo
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan F. Blanco
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermin M. Sanchez-Guijo
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jesús G. Briñón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Francis Y. Lee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F. San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Corre J, Labat E, Espagnolle N, Hébraud B, Avet-Loiseau H, Roussel M, Huynh A, Gadelorge M, Cordelier P, Klein B, Moreau P, Facon T, Fournié JJ, Attal M, Bourin P. Bioactivity and prognostic significance of growth differentiation factor GDF15 secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1395-406. [PMID: 22301101 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells occurs widely in patients with multiple myeloma, but the pathophysiologic effects of GDF15 in this setting remain undefined. GDF15 has been described in numerous solid tumors but never in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we report that GDF15 significantly increases survival of stroma-dependent multiple myeloma cells including primary multiple myeloma cells. In particular, GDF15 conferred resistance to melphalan, bortezomib, and to a lesser extent, lenalidomide in both stroma-dependent and stroma-independent multiple myeloma cells. Akt-dependent signaling was critical to mediate the effects of GDF15, whereas Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways were not involved. Given these results, we tested the clinical significance of plasma concentrations of GDF15 (pGDF15) in 131 patients with multiple myeloma and found that it correlated with disease prognosis. Specifically, patients with high levels of pGDF15 had lower probabilities of event-free and overall survival 30 months after diagnosis than patients with low pGDF15 levels. Our findings suggest that tumor microenvironment-derived GDF15 is a key survival and chemoprotective factor for multiple myeloma cells, which is pathophysiologically linked to both initial parameters of the disease as well as patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1037, Toulouse, France.
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Li X, Ling W, Pennisi A, Wang Y, Khan S, Heidaran M, Pal A, Zhang X, He S, Zeitlin A, Abbot S, Faleck H, Hariri R, Shaughnessy JD, van Rhee F, Nair B, Barlogie B, Epstein J, Yaccoby S. Human placenta-derived adherent cells prevent bone loss, stimulate bone formation, and suppress growth of multiple myeloma in bone. Stem Cells 2011; 29:263-73. [PMID: 21732484 DOI: 10.1002/stem.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta has emerged as a valuable source of transplantable cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic origin for multiple cytotherapeutic purposes, including enhanced engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells, modulation of inflammation, bone repair, and cancer. Placenta-derived adherent cells (PDACs) are mesenchymal-like stem cells isolated from postpartum human placenta. Multiple myeloma is closely associated with induction of bone disease and large lytic lesions, which are often not repaired and are usually the sites of relapses. We evaluated the antimyeloma therapeutic potential, in vivo survival, and trafficking of PDACs in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-rab model of medullary myeloma-associated bone loss. Intrabone injection of PDACs into nonmyelomatous and myelomatous implanted bone in SCID-rab mice promoted bone formation by stimulating endogenous osteoblastogenesis, and most PDACs disappeared from bone within 4 weeks. PDACs inhibitory effects on myeloma bone disease and tumor growth were dose-dependent and comparable with those of fetal human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Intrabone, but not subcutaneous, engraftment of PDACs inhibited bone disease and tumor growth in SCID-rab mice. Intratumor injection of PDACs had no effect on subcutaneous growth of myeloma cells. A small number of intravenously injected PDACs trafficked into myelomatous bone. Myeloma cell growth rate in vitro was lower in coculture with PDACs than with MSCs from human fetal bone or myeloma patients. PDACs also promoted apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and inhibited their differentiation. This study suggests that altering the bone marrow microenvironment with PDAC cytotherapy attenuates growth of myeloma and that PDAC cytotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for myeloma osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Abstract
Hematologic malignancies rely heavily on support from host cells through a number of well-documented mechanisms. Host cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), support tumor cell growth, metastasis, survival, bone marrow colonization, and evasion of the immune system. In multiple myeloma, similar to solid tumors, supporting cells have typically been considered healthy host cells. However, recent evidence reveals that many MSCs derived from patients with multiple myeloma (MM-MSC) show significant defects compared with MSCs from nondiseased donors (ND-MSC). These abnormalities range from differences in gene and protein expression to allelic abnormalities and can initiate after less than 1 day of coculture with myeloma cells or persist for months, perhaps years, after removal from myeloma influence. Alterations in MM-MSC function contribute to disease progression and provide new therapeutic targets. However, before the scientific community can capitalize on the distinctions between MM-MSCs and ND-MSCs, a number of confusions must be clarified, as we have done in this review, including the origin(s) of MM-MSCs, identification and characterization of MM-MSCs, and downstream effects and feedback circuits that support cancer progression. Further advances require more genetic analysis of MM-MSCs and disease models that accurately represent MSC-MM cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Yang H, Robinson SN, Nieto Y, Jones RJ, Gocke CD, Lu J, Giralt SA, Jones RB, Decker WK, Xing D, Steiner D, Champlin RE, McMannis JD, Ng J, Thomas MW, Shah N, Andersson BS, Parmar S, Shpall EJ. Ex vivo graft purging and expansion of autologous blood progenitor cell products from patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5040-9. [PMID: 21646477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation is the treatment of choice for selected myeloma patients. However, tumor cells contaminating the apheresis product are a potential source of relapse. Here we report a sequential purging strategy targeting mature and immature clonogenic myeloma cell populations in the autograft. Thawed PBPC products of myeloma patients were treated with rituximab to kill CD138(-)20(+) B cells (highly clonogenic immature cells), and bortezomib to target CD138(+) cells (normal and differentiated myeloma plasma cells), followed by coculture with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from normal donors. After 7 days of coculture, nonadherent cells were removed and cultured in the absence of MSC for an additional 7 days. Then, efficacy of purging (removal of CD138(-)20(+) and CD138(+) cells) was assessed by flow cytometry and PCR. We used our ex vivo purging strategy to treat frozen aphereses from 16 patients. CD138(+) and CD138(-)20(+)(19(+)) cells present in the initial products were depleted more than 3 and 4 logs, respectively based on 10(6) flow-acquisition events, and to levels below the limit of detection by PCR. In contrast, total nucleated cell (TNC), CD34(+) cell, and colony-forming cell numbers were increased by approximately 12 to 20, 8-, and 23-fold, respectively. Overall, ex vivo treatment of apheresis products with rituximab, bortezomib, and coculture with normal donor MSC depleted mature and immature myeloma cells from clinical aphereses while expanding the normal hematopoietic progenitor cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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