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Dong S, Sun Y, Zhang X, Li H, Luo G, Zhao L. Nanocellulose crystals derivative-silica hybrid sol open tubular capillary column for enantioseparation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:359-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Fei ZX, Zhang M, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Chiral metal–organic framework used as stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 830:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Sun W, Dong Y, Cui H, Zhao H, He Y, Ding Y, Li X, Yuan Z. Cyclodextrin-Modified Gold Nanoparticle Capillary Electrochromatography with Online Sample Stacking for Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Aminobenzoic Acid Isomers. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Lü H, Li Q, Yu X, Yi J, Xie Z. Preparation of chitosan-graft-(β-cyclodextrin) based sol-gel stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1895-900. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Lü
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou; P. R. China
| | - Qingyin Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou; P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Institute of Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou; P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou; P. R. China
| | - Zenghong Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou; P. R. China
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Liu CM, Liang RP, Wang XN, Wang JW, Qiu JD. A versatile polydopamine platform for facile preparation of protein stationary phase for chip-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1294:145-51. [PMID: 23643186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, and economical method for the preparation of chiral stationary phases for chip-based enantioselective open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) using polydopamine (PDA) coating as an adhesive layer was reported for the first time. After the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip was filled with dopamine (DA) solution, PDA film was gradually formed and deposited on the inner wall of microchannel as permanent coating via the oxidation of DA by the oxygen dissolved in the solution. Due to possessing plentiful catechol and amine functional groups, PDA coating can serve as a versatile multifunctional platform for further secondary reactions, leading to tailoring of the coatings for protein bioconjugation by the thiols and amines via Michael addition or Schiff base reactions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), acting as a target protein, was then stably and homogeneously immobilized in the PDA-coated PDMS microchannel to fabricate a novel protein stationary phase. Compared with the native PDMS microchannels, the modified surfaces exhibited much better wettability, more stable and enhanced electroosmotic mobility, and less nonspecific adsorption. The water contact angle and electroosmotic flow of PDA/BSA-coated PDMS substrate were measured to be 44° and 2.83×10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), compared to those of 112° and 2.10×10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) from the untreated one, respectively. Under a mild condition, d- and l-tryptophan were efficiently separated with a resolution of 1.68 within 130s utilizing a separation length of 37mm coupled with in-column amperometric detection on the PDA/BSA-coated PDMS microchips. This present versatile platform, facile conjugation of biomolecules onto microchip surfaces via mussel adhesive protein inspired coatings, may offer new processing strategies to prepare a biomimetic surface design on microfluidic chips, which is promising in high-throughput and complex biological analysis.
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Abstract
Immobilized cyclodextrin derivatives are used as chiral selectors in various modes of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The present chapter describes three techniques in detail utilizing CDs in CEC: (1) open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (o-CEC), (2) packed capillary electrochromatography (p-CEC), and (3) monolithic capillary electrochromatography (rod-CEC). Nanoparticle pseudostationary phase capillary electrochromatography (psp-CEC) is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Wistuba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Chen J, Syu H. Immobilization of chitosan in sol–gel phases for chiral open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 718:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lämmerhofer M, Gargano A. Monoliths with chiral surface functionalization for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1091-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hongjun E, Su P, Farooq MU, Yang Y. Microwave-Assisted Preparation of a β-Cyclodextrin-Based Stationary Phase for Open Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003725532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Feng R, Tian Y, Chen H, Huang Z, Zeng Z. Terminal-vinyl liquid crystal crown ether-modified, vinyl-functionalized hybrid silica monolith for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1975-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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YUAN R, WANG Y, DING G. Enantiomeric Separation by Capillary Electrochromatography on a Sulfated Poly .BETA.-Cyclodextrin Modified Silica-based Monolith. ANAL SCI 2010; 26:943-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan YUAN
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yan WANG
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Guosheng DING
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University
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Dong X, Dong J, Ou J, Zhu Y, Zou H. Preparation and evaluation of a vancomycin-immobilized silica monolith as chiral stationary phase for CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2606-12. [PMID: 17592611 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separations in CEC with the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin immobilized silica monolith as a chiral stationary phase are presented. The monolithic silica capillary columns were prepared by a sol-gel process in fused-silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 50 mum and subsequently in situ immobilization of vancomycin as a chiral selector by reductive amination. Enantioselectivity was obtained for eight pairs of enantiomers in nonaqueous polar organic or aqueous mobile phases and most of them were baseline-separated with high column efficiencies. It was observed that the organic modifier ratio (MeOH/ACN) in the polar organic mobile phase played a significant role in controlling the resolution and efficiency of the enantiomers. In enantiomeric separation of propranolol, repeatability for column efficiency and resolution in the nonaqueous mobile phase was given in terms of RSD values at 1.1 and 2.3% (n = 5) for run-to-run injections and 7.2 and 9.6% (n = 5) for column-to-column testing while repeatability for the separation of thalidomide in the aqueous mobile phase was given in terms of RSD values at 1.5, 2.8% and 6.1, 10.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Kubán P, Dasgupta PK, Pohl CA. Open Tubular Anion Exchange Chromatography. Controlled Layered Architecture of Stationary Phase by Successive Condensation Polymerization. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5462-7. [PMID: 17579483 DOI: 10.1021/ac070690q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and performance of a multilayered stationary phase for open tubular anion exchange chromatography in relatively large bore (75 microm diameter) columns are described. The inner surface of a fused-silica capillary tube is coated with up to 25 successive porous polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of a primary amine with a diepoxide. Each layer of the anion exchange stationary phase consists of copolymer of methylamine (MA) and 1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether (BDDE). The polymer layers are sufficiently porous or permeable; each successive layer of the stationary phase incrementally increases the observed column capacity and chromatographic performance in the open tubular mode. Even though the column inner diameter is far from optimum for open tubular liquid chromatography, we demonstrate the baseline separation of a suite of inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-) in a 5 m x 75 microm column coated with 25 layers of the anion exchange polymer using 1 mM KOH eluent and suppressed contactless conductometric detection at a flow rate of 1 microL/min (operating pressure of approximately 1 bar) with a plate count of >30,000. Strategies for construction of microsuppressor devices used in open tubular ion chromatography are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kubán
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, ZemedelskA 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tian Y, Zeng Z, Chen Y, Xie C, Li H, Yang X. Open‐Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography Using Capillaries Modified with p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene‐1,3‐bis(allyloxyethy)ether. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070500274356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhaorui Zeng
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuanyin Chen
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuanhui Xie
- a Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haibing Li
- b Institute of Materia Medica, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- b Institute of Materia Medica, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, 430074, China
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Abstract
A novel open-tubular CEC (OT-CEC) column was prepared by immobilized 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-diethoxy-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (Calix[4]) on fused-silica capillary column with sol-gel technology. Calix[4] was initially reacted with gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) to form a new sol-gel precursor (calix[4]-KH-560), and then mixed with another precursor, namely tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). After hydrolysis and condensation, a sol-gel matrix was obtained, in which calix[4] was incorporated. Successful calix[4]-modified sol-gel coating was suggested by infrared (IR) spectra and greatly decreased EOF. In comparison with OT columns prepared by the sol-gel method with TEOS and KH-560 only, the calix[4]-modified sol-gel column showed greatly improved separation of isomeric toluidines, nitrophenols, picolines and neurotransmitters with structural similarity. Migration time and theoretical plate number reproducibility were satisfactory with RSDs less than 1 and 6% each for within column runs and not more than 3 and 7% each for column-to-column measurements, using toluidine and nitrophenol isomers as test solutes on this column. High separation efficiencies (96,000-300,000 plates/m) for basic toluidine isomers were obtained. This column was also successfully employed to combine extraction procedure for the determination of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in Portulaca oleracea L. The recoveries of DA and NE were 93.3 and 94.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Qin F, Xie C, Feng S, Ou J, Kong L, Ye M, Zou H. Monolithic silica capillary column with coated cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) for capillary electrochromatographic separation of enantiomers. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1050-9. [PMID: 16470756 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic silica capillary columns were prepared by a sol-gel process in fused-silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 50 microm and were modified by coating of cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Influences of the factors in the modification process on enantiomer separations were investigated. The prepared columns were used to perform enantiomer separations by CEC. Fifteen and two pairs of enantiomers were separated under aqueous and nonaqueous mobile phases, respectively, and most of them were baseline-separated with very high column efficiencies. The Van Deemter curve was found flat under high linear velocity of the mobile phase, which indicated favorable kinetic properties of the prepared columns. Baseline separation of a pair of enantiomers was achieved in 90 s with high-column efficiency by short-end separation under high voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- National Chromatographic Research & Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in chiral separation in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) covering literature published since the year 2000. New chiral selectors and innovative approaches for CE and CEC are introduced. Recent progress in column technology for CEC is highlighted and the development of new chiral stationary phases is discussed. This review is not dedicated to list applications but will focus on new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Pharm. Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OTCEC) column was prepared by immobilizing dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles on prederivatised fused-silica capillary columns with sol-gel technology. 3-Mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was selected as sol-gel precursor to develop a sol-gel layer on the inner wall of the capillary, prior to assembly of dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles onto the generated sol-gel layer through specific interaction between the gold nanoparticles and surface terminating thiol groups. The electrochromatographic behaviour of the sol-gel gold nanoparticle capillary was compared with a gold nanoparticle capillary prepared via MPTMS surface functionalisation, through variation of the percentage of the organic modifier, pH, and separation voltage. Efficient separation for a "reversed-phase" test mixture of thiourea, naphthalene, and biphenyl and for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was obtained on the sol-gel based gold nanoparticle capillaries. OTCEC separations of three selected drug substances (propiophenone, benzoin, and warfarin) were also demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the characterization of the sol-gel gold nanoparticle capillary surface. The results confirm that dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles, bound on the sol-gel-based inner layer of fused-silica capillary, can provide sufficient solute-bonded phase interactions for OTCEC with reproducible retention as well as characteristic reversed-phase behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
The use of capillary electrochromatography as a chiral separation technique for pharmaceutical applications is reviewed. Publications of the past 10 years that provide a potential practical application in pharmaceutical analysis are considered. Method development or validation, separation strategies, and potential routine analysis by the methods/applications cited are the main subjects on which we focused our attention. The indirect chiral separation method was only used once in CEC mode. In the direct chiral separations, the use of chiral stationary phases was obviously preferred over the use of chiral mobile phases with non-chiral stationary phases. Amongst the chiral stationary phases, those based on macrocyclic antibiotics and polysaccharide selectors were the most frequently used. Monolithic stationary phases also have several applications, but not so extended as those with packed capillary electrochromatography. The considered papers not only describe the applicability of the technique for relatively large sets of chiral analytes, they also showed that various types of stationary phases can be produced in-house in a simple manner. However, to survive as a mature separation technique, considerable time and effort are still needed to solve some disadvantages currently characterizing capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Mangelings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Li H, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Xie C, Yang X. p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene-1,3-bis(allyloxyethoxy)ether Coated Capillaries for Open-Tubular Electrochromatography. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:717-20. [PMID: 15984214 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,3-bis(allyloxyethoxy)ether (CA[4]-BAE) chemically coated capillaries via a free-radical reaction with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) that was attached onto the inner wall previously were carried out. IR spectra and decreased electroosmotic flow (EOF) suggested that the capillary was successfully coated with CA[4]-BAE. A slight slope of EOF versus pH at 5 < pH < 9 would help to make the separation reproducible. The CA[4]-BAE-coated capillary showed improved separations of toluidine isomers, naphthol isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with an uncoated capillary. The special selectivity indicates that there is a certain extent of host-guest interactions between the solutes and the CA[4]-BAE coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Abstract
A review is presented on the current state of the art and future trends in the development of sol-gel stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The design and synthesis of stationary phases with prescribed chromatographic and surface charge properties represent challenging tasks in contemporary CEC research. Further developments in CEC as a high-efficiency liquid-phase separation technique will greatly depend on new breakthroughs in the area of stationary phase development. The requirements imposed on CEC stationary phase performance are significantly more demanding compared with those for HPLC. The design of CEC stationary phase must take into consideration the structural characteristics that will provide not only the selective solute/stationary phase interactions leading to chromatographic separations but also the surface charge properties that determine the magnitude and direction of the electroosmotic flow responsible for the mobile phase movement through the CEC column. Therefore, the stationary phase technology in CEC presents a more complex problem than in conventional chromatographic techniques. Different approaches to stationary phase development have been reported in contemporary CEC literature. The sol-gel approach represents a promising direction in this important research. It is applicable to the preparation of CEC stationary phases in different formats: surface coatings, micro/submicro particles, and monolithic beds. Besides, in the sol-gel approach, appropriate sol-gel precursors and other building blocks can be selected to create a stationary phase with desired structural and surface properties. One remarkable advantage of the sol-gel approach is the mild thermal conditions under which the stationary phase synthesis can be carried out (typically at room temperature). It also provides an effective pathway to integrating the advantageous properties of organic and inorganic material systems, and thereby enhancing and fine-tuning chromatographic selectivity of the created hybrid organic-inorganic stationary phases. This review focuses on recent developments in the design, synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of sol-gel stationary phases in CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
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Abstract
This review examines the most recent innovations made to achieve high performance in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) separations, focusing on the ingenious chemical and physical solutions made to increase the surface area and equip the stationary phase with exploitable selectivity. Among the approaches taken are chemically bonded ligands, etching with chemical bonding, sol-gels, molecularly imprinted polymers, porous layers, physically attached or adsorbed phases, and nanoparticle coatings. Particularly noteworthy are modern developments with macrocyclic receptor ligands, nanoparticles and open channel electrochromatography on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Guihen
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Yang M, Zeng ZR, Qiu WL, Wang YL. Preparation and investigation of polymethylphenylvinylsiloxane-coated solid-phase microextraction fibers using sol-gel technology. Chromatographia 2002; 56:73-80. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li HB, Zeng ZR, Xie CH, Chen YY. Preparation and application of a novel type of calix[6]crown coated capillary for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Chromatographia 2002; 55:591-4. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zeng Z, Xie C, Li H, Han H, Chen Y. Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using capillary columns chemically bonded with the new host molecules calix[6]crown, calix[6]arene. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:1272-8. [PMID: 12007126 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200205)23:9<1272::aid-elps1272>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two host molecules, p-tert-butylcalix[6]-1,4-crown-4 and p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene were prepared and attached onto the inner surfaces of capillaries for open-tubular electrochromatography with the aid of gamma-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (KH-560) as bridging agent. The successful bonding was confirmed by infrared (IR) results and greatly decreased electroosmotic flow (EOF). Parameters affecting separation, such as buffer pH and organic modifier were studied. The two novel stationary phases were evaluated by the separation of isomeric toluidines, a mixture of pyridine and isomeric picolines, and isomeric dihydroxybenzenes; comparisons between capillaries coated with the two stationary phases and bare capillary were investigated. The special selectivity of these two novel stationary phases showed a certain extent of supramolecular interactions between stationary phases and solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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