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Mitz AR, Boccuto L, Thurm A. Evidence for common mechanisms of pathology between SHANK3 and other genes of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Clin Genet 2024; 105:459-469. [PMID: 38414139 PMCID: PMC11025605 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome 22q13.3 deletion (Phelan-McDermid) syndrome (PMS, OMIM 606232) is a rare genetic condition that impacts neurodevelopment. PMS most commonly results from heterozygous contiguous gene deletions that include the SHANK3 gene or likely pathogenic variants of SHANK3 (PMS-SHANK3 related). Rarely, chromosomal rearrangements that spare SHANK3 share the same general phenotype (PMS-SHANK3 unrelated). Very recent human and model system studies of genes that likely contribute to the PMS phenotype point to overlap in gene functions associated with neurodevelopment, synaptic formation, stress/inflammation and regulation of gene expression. In this review of recent findings, we describe the functional overlaps between SHANK3 and six partner genes of 22q13.3 (PLXNB2, BRD1, CELSR1, PHF21B, SULT4A1, and TCF20), which suggest a model that explains the commonality between PMS-SHANK3 related and PMS-SHANK3 unrelated classes of PMS. These genes are likely not the only contributors to neurodevelopmental impairments in the region, but they are the best documented to date. The review provides evidence for the overlapping and likely synergistic contributions of these genes to the PMS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mitz
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program, School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Poterico JA, Vásquez F, Chávez-Pastor M, Trubnykova M, Chavesta F, Chirinos J, Salcedo N, Mena R, Cubas S, González R, Alvariño R, Abarca-Barriga H. A Peruvian Child with 18p-/18q+ Syndrome and Persistent Microscopic Hematuria. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:258-266. [PMID: 29142771 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 18 pericentric inversion carriers could have offspring with recombinant chromosomes, leading to patients with clinical variable manifestations. Patients with 18p-/18q+ rearrangements share some clinical characteristics, while other characteristics differ. Factors for such divergence include the length of the inverted segment, among others. Here, we describe a Peruvian child with dysmorphic features, intellectual disability persistent microscopic hematuria, aortic pseudocoarctation, and descending aorta arteritis, among others. Karyotype analysis of family members determined the mother as the carrier of a pericentric inversion: 18[inv(18)(p11.2q21.3)]. This child carries a recombinant chromosome 18, with chromosomal microarray analysis detecting two genomic imbalances in patient's chromosome 18: one duplicated region and one deleted segment in the large and the short arms, respectively. Persistent microscopic hematuria has not been reported among 18p-/18q+ phenotypes. Our patient elucidates that other factors play significant and yet unknown roles for not fulfilling the proposed genotype-phenotype correlation associated with hemizygosity in this type of recombinant chromosome 18 or presenting these features as the patient ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Poterico
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú
| | - Flor Vásquez
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Miguel Chávez-Pastor
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú.,Faculty of Human Medicine Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Milana Trubnykova
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Félix Chavesta
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Jenny Chirinos
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Nancy Salcedo
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Rosmery Mena
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Sulema Cubas
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Rocío González
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Rossana Alvariño
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú
| | - Hugo Abarca-Barriga
- Department of Genetic & Inborn Error Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Breña, Lima, Perú.,Postgraduate Program at Odontopediatrics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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