1
|
Choi H, Ham WS, van Bonn P, Zhang J, Kim D, Chang S. Mechanistic Approach Toward the C4-Selective Amination of Pyridines via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401388. [PMID: 38589725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of site-selective functionalization of N-heteroarenes is highly desirable in streamlined synthesis. In this context, direct amination of pyridines stands as an important synthetic methodology, with particular emphasis on accessing 4-aminopyridines, a versatile pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a reaction manifold for the C4-selective amination of pyridines by employing nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (SNH). Through 4-pyridyl pyridinium salt intermediates, 4-aminopyridine products are obtained in reaction with aqueous ammonia without intermediate isolation. The notable regioselectivity was achieved by the electronic tuning of the external pyridine reagents along with the maximization of polarizability in the proton elimination stage. Further mechanistic investigations provided a guiding principle for the selective C-H pyridination of additional N-heteroarenes, presenting a strategic avenue for installation of diverse functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoonchul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue JH, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang H. Site-Specific Deaminative Trifluoromethylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319030. [PMID: 38179851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules is of paramount importance in modern synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. While methods for constructing C(sp2 )-CF3 bonds have been well established, the advancement of practical and comprehensive approaches for forming C(sp3 )-CF3 bonds remains considerably restricted. In this work, we describe an efficient and site-specific deaminative trifluoromethylation reaction of aliphatic primary amines to afford the corresponding alkyl trifluoromethyl compounds. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with readily accessible N-anomeric amide (Levin's reagent) and bench-stable bpyCu(CF3 )3 (Grushin's reagent, bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) under blue light. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the method can be applied to the direct, late-stage trifluoromethylation of natural products and bioactive molecules. Experimental mechanistic studies were conducted, and a radical mechanism is proposed, wherein the dual roles of Grushin's reagent have been elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu XB, Fu QQ, Huang XY, Chu XQ, Shen ZL, Miao C, Chen W. Hydroxylation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Phenol Synthesis under Mild Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:831. [PMID: 38398583 PMCID: PMC10891898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of aryl sulfonium salts could be realized by utilizing acetohydroxamic acid and oxime as hydroxylative agents in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base, leading to a variety of structurally diverse hydroxylated arenes in 47-95% yields. In addition, the reaction exhibited broad functionality tolerance, and a range of important functional groups (e.g., cyano, nitro, sulfonyl, formyl, keto, and ester) could be well amenable to the mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Bo Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Fu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Chengping Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh S, Chakrabortty G, Raha Roy S. Skeletal rearrangement through photocatalytic denitrogenation: access to C-3 aminoquinolin-2(1 H)-ones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12541-12547. [PMID: 38020365 PMCID: PMC10646921 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of an amine group to a heteroaromatic system is a challenging synthetic process, yet it is an essential one in the development of many bioactive molecules. Here, we report an alternative method for the synthesis of 3-amino quinolin-2(1H)-one that overcomes the limitations of traditional methods by editing the molecular skeleton via a cascade C-N bond formation and denitrogenation process. We used TMSN3 as an aminating agent and a wide variety of 3-ylideneoxindoles as synthetic precursors for the quinolin-2(1H)-one backbone, which demonstrates remarkable tolerance of sensitive functional groups. The control experiments showed that the triazoline intermediate plays a significant role in the formation of the product. The spectroscopic investigation further defined the potential reaction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Gopal Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Selective functional group interconversions in complex molecular settings underpin many of the challenges facing modern organic synthesis. Currently, a privileged subset of functional groups dominates this landscape, while others, despite their abundance, are sorely underdeveloped. Amines epitomize this dichotomy; they are abundant but otherwise intransigent toward direct interconversion. Here, we report an approach that enables the direct conversion of amines to bromides, chlorides, iodides, phosphates, thioethers, and alcohols, the heart of which is a deaminative carbon-centered radical formation process using an anomeric amide reagent. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrate that successful deaminative functionalization relies not only on outcompeting the H-atom transfer to the incipient radical but also on the generation of polarity-matched, productive chain-carrying radicals that continue to react efficiently. The overall implications of this technology for interconverting amine libraries were evaluated via high-throughput parallel synthesis and applied in the development of one-pot diversification protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Christopher A Reiher
- Parallel Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Cristina Grosanu
- High Throughput Purification, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathleen J Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|