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Kost J, Bleiziffer A, Rusitov D, Rühe J. Thermally Induced Cross-Linking of Polymers via C,H Insertion Cross-Linking (CHic) under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10108-10119. [PMID: 34132532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The focus of studies performed so far on the formation of surface-attached polymer networks by C,H insertion cross-linking (CHic) reaction has been largely on photochemical activation. This study describes the thermal activation of the formation of (surface-attached) polymer networks under comparably mild conditions. A novel cross-linker, based on a diazo phenyl ester group, is incorporated into various copolymers, which are subsequently deposited on solid substrates. Upon activation, the cross-linker moieties generate carbene intermediates, which lead to rapid, complete cross-linking of the whole film and simultaneous surface attachment to various organic materials via CHic. Although this system requires only comparably mild conditions (i.e., below 100 °C) to become activated, a long shelf life at room temperature is observed. The presented system might be useful in a wide range of applications, from coatings to rather complex geometries. We demonstrate the covalent binding of protein-repellent thin films to the inner surface of (rubber) tubes and the generation of patterned structures by a "branding iron" approach. For this a hot structure is pressed onto a diazo polymer coated surface, leading in the contact zone to fast cross-linking while in all other areas the polymer remains soluble and is washed off during subsequent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kost
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bleiziffer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Rusitov
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zunker
- IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- livMatS Center of Excellence @ Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- livMatS Center of Excellence @ Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Raidt T, Schmidt M, Tiller JC, Katzenberg F. Crosslinking of Semiaromatic Polyesters toward High-Temperature Shape Memory Polymers with Full Recovery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700768. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Raidt
- Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Frank Katzenberg
- Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering; TU Dortmund 44221 Dortmund Germany
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Kotrade PF, Rühe J. Malonic Acid Diazoesters for C−H Insertion Crosslinking (CHic) Reactions: A Versatile Method for the Generation of Tailor-Made Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip F. Kotrade
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
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Kotrade PF, Rühe J. Malonic Acid Diazoesters for C−H Insertion Crosslinking (CHic) Reactions: A Versatile Method for the Generation of Tailor-Made Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14405-14410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip F. Kotrade
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Mircosystems Engineering (IMTEK); University Freiburg; Georges-Köhler-Allee 103 Freiburg Germany
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Zielińska AJ, Noordermeer JWM, Talma AG, Van Duin M. CROSSLINKING OF SATURATED ELASTOMERS WITH DIAZIDES. PART I: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VULCANIZATES. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3577536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For vulcanization of fully saturated elastomers peroxide/coagent systems are commonly applied. Problems encountered with peroxides however, are reduced efficiency, especially in the presence of plasticizing oils, and unwanted side reactions. In this paper diazides are presented as alternatives to peroxide vulcanization systems, particularly in combination with the use of plasticizing oils. The performance of three diazides; tri(ethylene glycol)-di(azidoformate) (GDAF), 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenyl azidoformate (4,4′DAF) and 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl azide (1,3BDSA) is investigated. For the evaluation of the practical product performance, carbon black filled and oil extended compounds of EPM and EPDM-rubbers are used. It is also investigated how the presence of carbon black and plasticizing oil influences the diazide reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Zielińska
- 1UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE, DEPARTMENT OF ELASTOMER TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS
- 3DUTCH POLYMER INSTITUTE (DPI), EINDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - J. W. M. Noordermeer
- 1UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE, DEPARTMENT OF ELASTOMER TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS
- 3DUTCH POLYMER INSTITUTE (DPI), EINDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - A. G. Talma
- 1UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE, DEPARTMENT OF ELASTOMER TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS
- 3DUTCH POLYMER INSTITUTE (DPI), EINDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS
| | - M. Van Duin
- 2DSM RESEARCH BV, GELEEN, THE NETHERLANDS
- 3DUTCH POLYMER INSTITUTE (DPI), EINDHOVEN, THE NETHERLANDS
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Schuh K, Prucker O, Rühe J. Surface Attached Polymer Networks through Thermally Induced Cross-Linking of Sulfonyl Azide Group Containing Polymers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schuh
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Lacoste JF, Bounor-Legaré V, Joubert C, Llauro MF, Monnet C, Cassagnau P, Michel A. Crosslinking of PET through solid state functionalization with alkoxysilane derivatives. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lacoste JF, Bounor-Legaré V, Llauro MF, Monnet C, Cassagnau P, Michel A. Functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the melt state: Chemical and rheological aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker DA, East GC, Mukhopadhyay SK. Thermomechanical and creep properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers crosslinked with disulfonyl azides. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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