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Hirasawa T, Cupello C, Brito PM, Yabumoto Y, Isogai S, Hoshino M, Uesugi K. Development of the Pectoral Lobed Fin in the Australian Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.679633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary transition from paired fins to limbs involved the establishment of a set of limb muscles as an evolutionary novelty. In parallel, there was a change in the topography of the spinal nerves innervating appendicular muscles, so that distinct plexuses were formed at the bases of limbs. However, the key developmental changes that brought about this evolutionary novelty have remained elusive due to a lack of data on the development of lobed fins in sarcopterygian fishes. Here, we observed the development of the pectoral fin in the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Sarcopterygii) through synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography. Neoceratodus forsteri is a key taxon for understanding the fin-to-limb transition due to its close phylogenetic relationships to tetrapods and well-developed lobed fins. At the onset of the fin bud in N. forsteri, there is no mesenchyme at the junction between the axial body wall and the fin bud, which corresponds to the embryonic position of the brachial plexus formed in the mesenchyme in tetrapods. Later, concurrent with the cartilage formation in the fin skeleton, the fin adductor and abductor muscles become differentiated within the surface ectoderm of the fin bud. Subsequently, the girdle muscle, which is homologous to the tetrapod serratus muscle, newly develops at the junction between the axial body wall and the fin. Our study suggests that the acquisition of embryonic mesenchyme at the junction between the axial body wall and the appendicular bud opened the door to the formation of the brachial plexus and the specialization of individual muscles in the lineage that gave rise to tetrapods.
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2
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Huby A, Mansuit R, Herbin M, Herrel A. Revision of the muscular anatomy of the paired fins of the living coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a sarcopterygian fish, the extant coelacanth Latimeria has muscular paired fins, different in their skeletal and muscular anatomy from the paired fins of actinopterygians. Although the muscular anatomy of the pectoral and pelvic fins of Latimeria has been described by several studies, a detailed functional description of the muscles and their architecture has never been performed. Our detailed functional description of the muscles of the paired fins shows a more complex organization than previously described. The pectoral and pelvic fins have a different organization of their muscular anatomy, and the pelvic fin shows a more plesiomorphic configuration of the muscles since most of them are poly-articular and run from the pelvic girdle to the fin rays, an organization typical of actinopterygians. We found that the pectoral fins are stronger than the pelvic fins which is likely to be associated with the greater contribution of the pectoral fins to locomotion and manoeuvring. Finally, the study of the joint mobility of the paired fins showed that the pectoral fins show greater mobility than the pelvic fins. The reduced mobility of the pelvic fin is possibly a consequence of the morphology of the mesomeres and the large pre-axial radials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Huby
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rohan Mansuit
- UMR 7207 Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie, Paris, Département Orgines & Evolution, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle – Sorbonne Université – CNRS, 8 rue Buffon, CP38, Paris, France
- UMR 7179 Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle – Sorbonne Université – CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP55, Paris, France
| | - Marc Herbin
- UMR 7179 Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle – Sorbonne Université – CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP55, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle – Sorbonne Université – CNRS, 57 rue Cuvier, CP55, Paris, France
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3
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Bi X, Wang K, Yang L, Pan H, Jiang H, Wei Q, Fang M, Yu H, Zhu C, Cai Y, He Y, Gan X, Zeng H, Yu D, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Qiu Q, Yang H, Zhang YE, Wang W, Zhu M, He S, Zhang G. Tracing the genetic footprints of vertebrate landing in non-teleost ray-finned fishes. Cell 2021; 184:1377-1391.e14. [PMID: 33545088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rich fossil evidence suggests that many traits and functions related to terrestrial evolution were present long before the ancestor of lobe- and ray-finned fishes. Here, we present genome sequences of the bichir, paddlefish, bowfin, and alligator gar, covering all major early divergent lineages of ray-finned fishes. Our analyses show that these species exhibit many mosaic genomic features of lobe- and ray-finned fishes. In particular, many regulatory elements for limb development are present in these fishes, supporting the hypothesis that the relevant ancestral regulation networks emerged before the origin of tetrapods. Transcriptome analyses confirm the homology between the lung and swim bladder and reveal the presence of functional lung-related genes in early ray-finned fishes. Furthermore, we functionally validate the essential role of a jawed vertebrate highly conserved element for cardiovascular development. Our results imply the ancestors of jawed vertebrates already had the potential gene networks for cardio-respiratory systems supporting air breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Liandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | - Haifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yiran Cai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuming He
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoni Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Honghui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi-zhi-men-wai Street, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yong E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi-zhi-men-wai Street, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shunping He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Guojie Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming 650223, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Abstract
The fin-to-limb transition was marked by the origin of digits and the loss of dermal fin rays. Paleontological research into this transformation has focused on the evolution of the endoskeleton, with little attention paid to fin ray structure and function. To address this knowledge gap, we study the dermal rays of the pectoral fins of 3 key tetrapodomorph taxa-Sauripterus taylori (Rhizodontida), Eusthenopteron foordi (Tristichopteridae), and Tiktaalik roseae (Elpistostegalia)-using computed tomography. These data show several trends in the lineage leading to digited forms, including the consolidation of fin rays (e.g., reduced segmentation and branching), reduction of the fin web, and unexpectedly, the evolution of asymmetry between dorsal and ventral hemitrichia. In Eusthenopteron, dorsal rays cover the preaxial endoskeleton slightly more than ventral rays. In Tiktaalik, dorsal rays fully cover the third and fourth mesomeres, while ventral rays are restricted distal to these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip analogous to a fleshy "palm." Asymmetry is also observed in cross-sectional areas of dorsal and ventral rays. Eusthenopteron dorsal rays are slightly larger than ventral rays; by contrast, Tiktaalik dorsal rays can be several times larger than ventral rays, and degree of asymmetry appears to be greater at larger sizes. Analysis of extant osteichthyans suggests that cross-sectional asymmetry in the dermal rays of paired fins is plesiomorphic to crown group osteichthyans. The evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevated posture and resistance to substrate-based loading prior to the origin of digits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Stewart
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
| | - Justin B Lemberg
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Natalia K Taft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141
| | - Ihna Yoo
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Edward B Daeschler
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103
| | - Neil H Shubin
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
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5
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Mansuit R, Clément G, Herrel A, Dutel H, Tafforeau P, Santin MD, Herbin M. Development and growth of the pectoral girdle and fin skeleton in the extant coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. J Anat 2019; 236:493-509. [PMID: 31713843 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The monobasal pectoral fins of living coelacanths and lungfishes are homologous to the forelimbs of tetrapods and are thus critical to investigate the origin thereof. However, it remains unclear whether the similarity in the asymmetrical endoskeletal arrangement of the pectoral fins of coelacanths reflects the evolution of the pectoral appendages in sarcopterygians. Here, we describe for the first time the development of the pectoral fin and shoulder girdle in the extant coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, based on the tomographic acquisition of a growth series. The pectoral girdle and pectoral fin endoskeleton are formed early in development with a radially outward growth of the endoskeletal elements. The visualization of the pectoral girdle during development shows a reorientation of the girdle between the fetus and pup 1 stages, creating a contact between the scapulocoracoids and the clavicles in the ventro-medial region. Moreover, we observed a splitting of the pre- and post-axial cartilaginous plates in respectively pre-axial radials and accessory elements on one hand, and in post-axial accessory elements on the other hand. However, the mechanisms involved in the splitting of the cartilaginous plates appear different from those involved in the formation of radials in actinopterygians. Our results show a proportional reduction of the proximal pre-axial radial of the fin, rendering the external morphology of the fin more lobe-shaped, and a spatial reorganization of elements resulting from the fragmentation of the two cartilaginous plates. Latimeria development hence supports previous interpretations of the asymmetrical pectoral fin skeleton as being plesiomorphic for coelacanths and sarcopterygians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Mansuit
- UMR 7207 Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie, Paris, MNHN - Sorbonne Université - CNRS, Département Origines & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN - CNRS, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Clément
- UMR 7207 Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie, Paris, MNHN - Sorbonne Université - CNRS, Département Origines & Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN - CNRS, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Dutel
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Centre for NeuroImaging Research, ICM (Brain & Spine Institute), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Herbin
- UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN - CNRS, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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6
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Esteve-Altava B, Molnar JL, Johnston P, Hutchinson JR, Diogo R. Anatomical network analysis of the musculoskeletal system reveals integration loss and parcellation boost during the fins-to-limbs transition. Evolution 2019; 72:601-618. [PMID: 29363112 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrapods evolved from within the lobe-finned fishes around 370 Ma. The evolution of limbs from lobe-fins entailed a major reorganization of the skeletal and muscular anatomy of appendages in early tetrapods. Concurrently, a degree of similarity between pectoral and pelvic appendages also evolved. Here, we compared the anatomy of appendages in extant lobe-finned fishes (Latimeria and Neoceratodus) and anatomically plesiomorphic amphibians (Ambystoma, Salamandra) and amniotes (Sphenodon) to trace and reconstruct the musculoskeletal changes that took place during the fins-to-limbs transition. We quantified the anatomy of appendages using network analysis. First, we built network models-in which nodes represent bones and muscles, and links represent their anatomical connections-and then we measured network parameters related to their anatomical integration, heterogeneity, and modularity. Our results reveal an evolutionary transition toward less integrated, more modular appendages. We interpret this transition as a diversification of muscle functions in tetrapods compared to lobe-finned fishes. Limbs and lobe-fins show also a greater similarity between their pectoral and pelvic appendages than ray-fins do. These findings on extant species provide a basis for future quantitative and comprehensive reconstructions of the anatomy of limbs in early tetrapod fossils, and a way to better understand the fins-to-limbs transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Esteve-Altava
- Structure and Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom.,Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20059
| | - Julia L Molnar
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20059
| | - Peter Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John R Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20059
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7
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Abstract
While skeletal evolution has been extensively studied, the evolution of limb muscles and brachial plexus has received less attention. In this review, we focus on the tempo and mode of evolution of forelimb muscles in the vertebrate history, and on the developmental mechanisms that have affected the evolution of their morphology. Tetrapod limb muscles develop from diffuse migrating cells derived from dermomyotomes, and the limb-innervating nerves lose their segmental patterns to form the brachial plexus distally. Despite such seemingly disorganized developmental processes, limb muscle homology has been highly conserved in tetrapod evolution, with the apparent exception of the mammalian diaphragm. The limb mesenchyme of lateral plate mesoderm likely plays a pivotal role in the subdivision of the myogenic cell population into individual muscles through the formation of interstitial muscle connective tissues. Interactions with tendons and motoneuron axons are involved in the early and late phases of limb muscle morphogenesis, respectively. The mechanism underlying the recurrent generation of limb muscle homology likely resides in these developmental processes, which should be studied from an evolutionary perspective in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirasawa
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
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8
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Molnar JL, Diogo R, Hutchinson JR, Pierce SE. Reconstructing pectoral appendicular muscle anatomy in fossil fish and tetrapods over the fins-to-limbs transition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1077-1107. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Molnar
- Department of Anatomy; New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard; Old Westbury NY U.S.A
| | - Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy; Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W St. NW, Numa Adams Building; Washington DC 20059 U.S.A
| | - John R. Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Lab; Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield; Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Stephanie E. Pierce
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street; Cambridge MA 02138 U.S.A
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9
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Amaral DB, Schneider I. Fins into limbs: Recent insights from sarcopterygian fish. Genesis 2017; 56. [PMID: 28834157 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Limbs with digits evolved as sarcopterygian fish transitioned to a terrestrial life, giving rise to modern tetrapods. Since the Devonian, most of the sarcopterygian fish diversity became extinct, with the only surviving representatives being two coelacanth and six lungfish species. As the sister group of tetrapods, sarcopterygian fish constitute the ideal models to address questions regarding the transition of vertebrates from water to land. However, distantly related yet experimentally amenable teleost fish species have instead become the organisms of choice for geneticists and developmental biologists. Comparative studies using teleosts, such as zebrafish, have greatly enriched our knowledge on the genetic and regulatory mechanisms underlying fin development. However, their highly derived fin anatomy provides limited insights on the origin of limbs and the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication represents a further complication to comparisons of gene function and regulation. In recent years, refined morphological and behavioral studies and access to lungfish embryos and availability of genetic resources have underscored the value of nontetrapod sarcopterygians as model organisms. Here we review recent studies using lungfishes and coelacanths that shed light on various aspects of the evolution of the tetrapod limb, including the origin of the tetrapod pelvis, limb musculature, digits, locomotion, and regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielson B Amaral
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Schneider
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, 66075-900, Brazil
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10
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Hanashima A, Hashimoto K, Ujihara Y, Honda T, Yobimoto T, Kodama A, Mohri S. Complete primary structure of the I-band region of connectin at which mechanical property is modulated in zebrafish heart and skeletal muscle. Gene 2017; 596:19-26. [PMID: 27725266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Connectin, also called titin, is the largest protein with a critical function as a molecular spring during contraction and relaxation of striated muscle; its mutation leads to severe myopathy and cardiomyopathy. To uncover the cause of this pathogenesis, zebrafish have recently been used as disease models because they are easier to genetically modify than mice. Although the gene structures and putative primary structures of zebrafish connectin have been determined, the actual primary structures of zebrafish connectin in heart and skeletal muscles remain unclear because of its large size and the PCR amplification-associated difficulties. In this research, using RT-PCR amplification from zebrafish heart and skeletal muscles, we determined the complete primary structures of zebrafish connectin in the I-band region at which mechanical property is modulated by alternative splicing. Our results showed that the domain structures of zebrafish connectins were largely similar to those of human connectins; however, the splicing pathways in the middle-Ig segment and the PEVK segment were highly diverse in every isoform. We also found that a set of 10 Ig domains in the middle-Ig segment of zebrafish connectin had been triplicated in human connectin. Because these triplicate regions are expressed in human leg and diaphragm, our findings may provide insight into the establishment of walking with limbs and lung respiration during tetrapod evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yobimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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11
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Diogo R, Johnston P, Molnar JL, Esteve-Altava B. Characteristic tetrapod musculoskeletal limb phenotype emerged more than 400 MYA in basal lobe-finned fishes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37592. [PMID: 27886207 PMCID: PMC5122878 DOI: 10.1038/srep37592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous accounts of the origin of tetrapod limbs have postulated a relatively sudden change, after the split between extant lobe-finned fish and tetrapods, from a very simple fin phenotype with only two muscles to the highly complex tetrapod condition. The evolutionary changes that led to the muscular anatomy of tetrapod limbs have therefore remained relatively unexplored. We performed dissections, histological sections, and MRI scans of the closest living relatives of tetrapods: coelacanths and lungfish. Combined with previous comparative, developmental and paleontological information, our findings suggest that the characteristic tetrapod musculoskeletal limb phenotype was already present in the Silurian last common ancestor of extant sarcopterygians, with the exception of the autopod (hand/foot) structures, which have no clear correspondence with fish structures. Remarkably, the two major steps in this long process – leading to the ancestral fin anatomy of extant sarcopterygians and limb anatomy of extant tetrapods, respectively – occurred at the same nodes as the two major similarity bottlenecks that led to the striking derived myological similarity between the pectoral and pelvic appendages within each taxon. Our identification of probable homologies between appendicular muscles of sarcopterygian fish and tetrapods will allow more detailed reconstructions of muscle anatomy in early tetrapods and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Peter Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia L Molnar
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Borja Esteve-Altava
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, USA.,Structure &Motion Lab, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, UK
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