Approved spectrofluorimetric strategies for assurance of three modern antineoplastic drugs; Tepotinib, Sotorasib and Darolutamide in their dose forms and biological liquids utilizing mercurochrome

Utility of green chemistry for sustainable fluorescence derivatization approach for spectrofluorimetric quantification of Darolutamide as antineoplastic drug in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma

Darolutamide is an oral nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist used to delay the process of prostate cancer to metastatic disease and to increase the quality of life for people with advanced prostate cancer. Here, a second spectrofluorimetric method was advanced for quantifying Darolutamide in pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. This method depends on the fluorescence derivatization of Darolutamide with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) at 75°C in a (pH 9) of borate buffer to produce a fluorescent derivative that can be detected at 520 nm after excitation at 460 nm. The method has been validated using ICH criteria, and it demonstrated linearity in the range 5-200 ng ml-1 . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 1.15 and 3.84 nm, respectively. The proposed method was applied precisely and accurately for quantifying Darolutamide within the pharmaceutical formulation and spiking human plasma without any interferences. Moreover, the method's sustainability was evaluated and compared with the published method using two greenness assessment tools termed analytical eco-scale and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE). These findings suggest that the method is more sustainable than the published method.

Utility of green chemistry for native spectrofluorimetric quantification of darolutamide as a modern anti-neoplastic drug in its market form and biological fluids

A simple, new, green, and sensitive approach was established and validated for assay of the recently approved antineoplastic medication; darolutamide (DAR) in its authentic form, pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluids fluorimetrically. This experiment relied on the native fluorescence of the cited drug and detects the ideal solvent utilized throughout the approach. The proposed approach was validated regarding linearity, accuracy, and precision. The calibration graph showed linearity over the range of 0.1–2.0 μg mL⁻¹. The limit of detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ) were 0.032 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.09 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. Because of the approach's high sensitivity, it was decided to spike the mentioned drug in plasma and urine samples. At last, checking for content uniformity was performed regarding the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) by adjusting the proposed approach.

A simple, new, green, and sensitive approach was established and validated for assay of the recently approved antineoplastic medication; darolutamide (DAR) in its authentic form, pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluids fluorimetrically.