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Menda J, Chintala V, Kanuparthy PR, Katari NK, Kowtharapu LP, Jonnalagadda SB. Quality by Design Tool Assessed Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Analysis of Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin in Oral Dosage Form. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12553-12563. [PMID: 38524417 PMCID: PMC10955570 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The UPLC methodology was used to establish a method for determining the qualitative and quantitative content of teneligliptin and remogliflozin tablets in oral solid dose form, as no simultaneous method was available. The developed liquid chromatography method consists of an X-Bridge C18 100 mm × 3.5 mm, 2.1 mm column with an economical 0.2 mL/min flow rate. A wavelength of 248 nm was used for detection, and the temperature of the column compartment was 30 °C. The method was evaluated using a static tool quality by design after it was validated as per the regulations. The data from validation result in linearity for both analytes with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.999. The accuracy data were found from a minimum of 98.1 to a maximum of 100.9. All of the validation results met the acceptance criteria. The stability of the analytical solutions proved for 24 h at bench and refrigerator temperatures. Studies of force degradation proved the stability indicating the nature of the method. A factorial design was used to evaluate the method performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Menda
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM
Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Gokaraju Lailavathi Womens
Engineering College, Hyderabad 500090, India
| | - Vaishnavi Chintala
- Analytical
Research and Development, Cambrex High Point, 4170 Mendenhall Oaks Pkwy, High Point, North Carolina 27265, United States
| | - Phani Raja Kanuparthy
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM
Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM
Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM
Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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2
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Deshmukh BR, Akshinthala P, Katari NK, Kowtharapu LP, Deshpande GK, Battula SR, Gundla R. Valbenazine isomers and enantiomer determination by chiral normal phase liquid chromatography. Chirality 2023; 35:889-898. [PMID: 37345319 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel, simple, specific, rapid, enantioselective normal phase chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic method with amylose-based Chiral Pak IG-3(250 × 4.6 mM) 3.0 μM column was developed and validated for separation and quantification of isomers and enantiomer of Valbenazine. The mobile phase composed of n-Heptane, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, ethanol, and diethylamine in the ratio of 70:10:15:5:0.1 (V/V/V/VV) with a gradient flow rate was applied. The injection volume was 10 μl, and detection was carried out using a photodiode array detector at 282 nM. The column compartment was set at 35°C. The resolution between the enantiomer and isomers was found to be more than 2.0. The method was linear over the concentration range of limit of quantitation to 250% for isomers and enantiomers. The method was found to be robust with column temperature. The proposed chiral method is applicable for the determination of isomers and enantiomer of Valibenazine and was successfully used in the quality control of bulk drug manufacturing and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasaheb R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Girish K Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreenivas Rao Battula
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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3
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Kowtharapu L, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Konduru N, Muchakayala SK, Pydimarry SPR, Jonnalagadda SB. Regulatory Perspective Reverse Engineering Analysis of the Mast Cell Stabilizer and the Histamine Receptor Antagonist (Olopatadine HCl): Instrumental and Classical Methods for Multiple Formulations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:21485-21492. [PMID: 37360430 PMCID: PMC10285952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the unknown qualitative (Q1) and quantitative (Q2) formulas for nasal spray and ophthalmic solution formulations of olopatadine HCl by classical and instrumental techniques to match the generic formula with reference-listed drugs to avoid clinical study. Reverse engineering of olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.6% and ophthalmic solution 0.1, 0.2% formulations was accurately quantified using a simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Both formulations possess similar components, namely ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), benzalkonium chloride (BKC), sodium chloride (NaCl), and dibasic sodium phosphate (DSP). These components were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the HPLC, osmometry, and titration techniques. With derivatization techniques, EDTA, BKC, and DSP were determined by ion-interaction chromatography. NaCl in the formulation was quantified by measuring the osmolality and using the subtraction method. A titration method was also used. All the employed methods were linear, accurate, precise, and specific. The correlation coefficient was >0.999 for all components in all the methods. The recovery results ranged from 99.1 to 99.7% for EDTA, 99.1-99.4% for BKC, 99.8-100.8% for DSP, and 99.7-100.1% for NaCl. The obtained % relative standard deviation for precision was 0.9% for EDTA, 0.6% for BKC, 0.9% for DSP, and 1.34% for NaCl. The specificity of the methods in the presence of other components, diluent, and the mobile phase was confirmed, and the analytes were specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela
Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag
X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical
Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly
Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519040, China
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Analytical
Research and Development, Catalent Pharma
Solutions, 1100 Enterprise
Drive, Winchester, Kentucky 40391, United States
| | | | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag
X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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4
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Bandaru LGR, Konduru N, Kowtharapu LP, Regulagadda S, Kanuparthy PR, Gundla R. Development and validation of apalutamide-related substances method in solid dosage forms using HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5576. [PMID: 36573285 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A related-substances method was developed for the anticancer drug formulation apalutamide 60 mg tablets and validated using a liquid chromatography gradient elution method. All of the impurities and degradants were separated using the Luna Omega 5 μm Polar C18 , (250 × 4.6) mm HPLC column with a 1.0 ml min-1 flow rate. The detection was done at 225 nm by injecting the 10 μl of injection volume, controlling the sample temperature at 10°C and maintaining the column compartment temperature at 30°C. The total run time was 85 min. A 0.01 m disodium phosphate dihydrate pH 4.20 ± 0.05 buffer mixed with acetonitrile in the ratio of 73:27 (v/v) was used as mobile phase A. Mobile phase B consisted of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 30:70 (v/v). The proposed method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The method precisions (RSD) at 100% specification level were 1.41, 1.74, 1.84, and 1.66% for the four impurities. The accuracy results were obtained between 96.0 and 106.3% for the limit of quantitation to the 150% level. The standard and sample solutions stability were established for 44 h at 10°C. The correlation coefficient (r) value was >0.999 for all four impurities, indicating good linearity between the concentration and peak response: 0.9999, 0.9999, 0.9999 and 1.0000. These results show the method's linearity. The three filter compatibility was proved and it was concluded that 0.45 μm Nylon, PTFE and PVDF filters are suitable. The robustness of the method was established by varying the conditions. The method specificity was proved and the forced degradation data reveal the method's stability-indicating nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lova Gani Raju Bandaru
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, China
| | | | | | - Phani Raja Kanuparthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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5
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Yenda P, Katari NK, Ettaboina SK, Satheesh B, Muchakayala SK, Gundla R. An effective and stability-indicating method development and optimization utilizing the Box-Behnken design for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, caffeine, and aspirin in tablet formulation. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5585. [PMID: 36692333 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Analytical techniques must be sensitive, specific, and accurate to assess the active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The quality-by-design (QbD) application has proven to be a practical method for magnifying HPLC operations. This article discusses the successfully developed QbD-based stability-indicative LC method for evaluating acetaminophen, caffeine, and aspirin (ASP) in tablet dosage form. To achieve the necessary chromatographic separation, Milli-Q water, methanol, and glacial acetic acid were employed in the following ratios: 63:35:2 (v/v/v) for mobile phase A and 18:80:2 (v/v/v) for mobile phase B. The flow rate, column temperature, and detecting wavelength were 1.0 ml/min, 40°C, and 275 nm, respectively, and an InertSustain C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) was used. Linearity was between 10.0 and 150.0 μg/ml for ASP and acetaminophen and between 2.6 and 39.0 μg/ml for caffeine. The accuracy findings were more than 97%, and the correlation coefficient for all three components was found to be greater than 0.999. The validated HPLC method yielded reliable and accurate results. ASP was shown to be vulnerable to both acid and alkaline hydrolysis in the forced degradation study. The described method is capable of separating the degradants produced during stress testing and is regarded as stability indicating. The proposed method can be used for a wider range of other formulations with an appropriate diluent selection and sample preparation procedure optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvateesam Yenda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Balasubramanian Satheesh
- Analytical Research and Development, Slayback Pharma India LLP, Manjeera Trinity Corporate, JNTU, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Analytical Research and Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 1100 Enterprise Dr, Winchester, Kentucky, 40391, USA
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to Be University, Hyderabad, India
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6
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Nathi R, Kowtharapu LP, Muchakayala SK, Konduru N. QbD-based stability-indicating liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of flurbiprofen in cataplasm. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5580. [PMID: 36609857 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A nonsteroidal drug called flurbiprofen (FBN) has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. Currently the determination of FBN in cataplasm does not have any pharmacopeial method. However, the drug substance, tablet and ophthalmic solution formulations do have pharmacopeial methods. The development and validation of an accurate, precise and stability-indicating analytical method for the determination of FBN in cataplasm formulations is reported. The gradient method was employed for the quantification of FBN in the presence of internal standards such as biphenyl. A nonpolar separation phase (C18 , 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm Inertsil column; GL Sciences) was used. The optimal flow rate, column oven temperature, injection volume and detector wavelengths were 1.0 ml/min, 40°C, 20 μl and 245 nm, respectively. Mobile phase A was a mixture of water and glacial acetic acid (30:1 v/v) pH adjusted to 2.20 with glacial acetic acid or 1 m NaOH; mobile phase B was methanol (100%). The gradient elution program was [time (min)/% B]: 5/60, 20/70, 25/70, 30/60 and 40/60. The obtained RSDs for the precision and intermediate precision were 0.7 and 0.5%. The percentage recovery ranged from 99.2 to 100.4%. The linear regression coefficient >0.9996 indicates that all peak responses were linear with the concentration. The sample and standard solutions were stable for up to 24 h on the benchtop and in the refrigerator. The critical peaks were well separated from the generated peaks owing to forced degradation, including diluent and placebo peaks. The method validation data and quality by design-based robustness study results indicate that the developed method is robust and fit for routine use in the quality control laboratory. The proposed method is specific, accurate and precise, and the quality by design utilized the first method for the determination of FBN in cataplasm formulations. Transdermal patches and gels have low extraction capacity and this method is applicable for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathnakar Nathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical Research and Development, STA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd (Wuxi app Tec Company), Wuxi, China
| | | | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai city, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Kumar SRJ, Rao VK, Katari NK, Jyothi NS, Kowtharapu LP. Determination and quantification of related substances and degradation products in bictegravir by full factorial design evaluated HPLC and mass spectrometry. Anal Methods 2023; 15:1274-1285. [PMID: 36852477 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining and quantifying novel impurities and degraded impurities of a drug product is always a continuous challenge to enhancing the drug quality for patients' safety. Herein, our work deals with (i) developing a rapid, accurate, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic validation method to quantify the bictegravir drug (integrase inhibitors of antiretroviral drugs) and its novel related impurities at low levels, and (ii) the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to identify degraded impurities. Separation of bictegravir acid (impurity-I) and methyl bictegravir (impurity-II) impurities which are identified by LC-MS in the bictegravir drug was executed by developing a method and the same method performance evaluated by using full factorial design. This developed analytical technique gave a well-separated peak of bictegravir and related analytes such as bictegravir acid (impurity-I) and methyl bictegravir (impurity-II), adequate with the peak properties as per USP guidelines. The method's sensitivity and linearity are demonstrated by its detection and quantification limits at low levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The method's repeatability, specificity, and accuracy suggest that this developed technique is a reliable determination strategy for the bictegravir drug substance and its related impurities (impurity-I and impurity-II) in a simple, feasible, and affordable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Jythesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Rudraram, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India.
- Department of Analytical Research, Aurobindo Pharma Limited Research Centre-II, Indrakaran (V), Kandi (M), Sangareddy-502329, Telangana, India
| | - Vandavasi Koteswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Rudraram, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India.
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Rudraram, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India.
| | - Narreddy Siva Jyothi
- Department of Analytical Research, Aurobindo Pharma Limited Research Centre-II, Indrakaran (V), Kandi (M), Sangareddy-502329, Telangana, India
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Rudraram, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India.
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8
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Sasikala L, Koteswara Rao V, Katari NK, Kowtharapu LP. A combined qualitative and quantitative method development and validation of vancomycin hydrochloride injection formulation by HPLC and UV involving quality by design. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5568. [PMID: 36517962 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A selective, specific, precise, linear, accurate and robust analytical method was developed and validated for the assay of vancomycin HCl in vancomycin hydrochloride injection. Comparative UV spectrophotometric and reverse-phase HPLC were used to develop the quantitative determination. Acetonitrile and pH 2.2 phosphate buffer in the ratio 20:80 v/v were used as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with a 20 min run time. The detection was carried out at 235 nm with a Nucleosil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) 10 μm column, and the ambient column temperature was maintained. The method uses a 20 μl injection volume and diluent as a blank solution in this connection. The method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The linearity of this method was found to be linear in the range of 50-150% of the working concentration, and the correlation coefficient was >0.999. The method's accuracy was within the acceptable range, which was 98.1-101.5%. The method's precision was within an acceptable range of about 0.32% RSD. The analytical solution was stable for up to 48 h at room temperature. The method's robustness was proved by utilizing quality design tools. Stress studies demonstrated the method's stability-indicating nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lankella Sasikala
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry, GDC Yellareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Vandavasi Koteswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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9
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Dandabattina R, Subramanian VB, Merugu KS, SharathBabu H, Katari NK, Kowtharapu LP. Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Eltrombopag Olamine in the Presence of Impurities and Degradation Products. Robustness by Design of Expert Software. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:267-275. [PMID: 36416121 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple and reliable HPLC method for determining impurities in eltrombopag olamine (ELO) film-coated tablets is not available. At the same time, there is no official monograph reported. The proposed research is targeted at the development of a stability-indicating method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a simple and effective HPLC method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. METHODS All the impurities were separated using a reverse phase (RP)-HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax SB-Phenyl 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm, column with UV detection at 230 nm and a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 45°C. RESULTS The proposed method was validated as per current regulatory guidelines. The coefficient of correlation was found to be >0.999 for all impurities. The LOD and LOQ for ELO and all specified impurities were determined. The precision and accuracy were obtained for ELO and its related impurities. Intra- and inter-day RSD values were between 1.22 and 2.04%, and impurity recovery varied between 93.80 and 103.69%. The stability of standard and sample solutions was established for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS As per recent guidelines, a stability-indicating method has been developed to determine the impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. QbD-based robustness was performed and proved that the method was robust. HIGHLIGHTS The proposed article is the first RP-HPLC method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. The quality by design (QbD) concept was utilized to verify the method performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Dandabattina
- Department of Chemistry, Bhavans Vivekananda College of Science, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad, Telangana 500094, India.,Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562163, India
| | - Velusamy B Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Karuna Sree Merugu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 562163, India
| | - Haridasyam SharathBabu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
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10
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Vemuri D, Akshinthala P, Konduru N, Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK, Jonnalagadda SB, Gundla R. Unique Quality by Design Approach for Developing HPLC and LC-MS Method for Estimation of Process and Degradation Impurities in Pibrentasvir, Antiviral Agent for Hepatitis C. ACS Omega 2022; 7:47650-47661. [PMID: 36591161 PMCID: PMC9798757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pibrentasvir (PIB) was approved for treating hepatitis C patients. A specific, accurate, linear, robust, and stability-indicating method was developed and validated for determining degradation impurities present in the PIB drug substance by studying the quality by design (QbD) principles. All identified degradation impurities were separated with the stationary phase HALO C18, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm. Mobile phase A contains pH 2.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of (70:30, v/v), and mobile phase B contains water and acetonitrile in the ratio of (30:70, v/v), respectively. The chromatographic conditions were optimized, such as flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, UV detection at 252 nm, injection volume of 20 μL, and column temperature of 40 °C. The proposed method was validated per the current ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from limit of quantification (LOQ) to 300% optimal concentrations. The method validation results were between 98.6% and 106.2% for recovery, and linearity r 2 was more than 0.999 for all identified impurities. The method precision results achieved below 5% relative standard deviation (RSD). The forced degradation results demonstrated that the drug was sensitive to chemical stress conditions. During the stress study, degrading impurities were identified by the LC-MS technique and the mechanism pathway. A QbD-based experimental design (DoE) approach was used to establish the robustness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
Kumar Vemuri
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Parameswari Akshinthala
- Department
of Science and Humanities, MLR Institute
of Technology, Dundigal, Medchal, Hyderabad 500 043, India
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical
Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly
Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong province 519040, China
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical
Research and Development, Wuxi STA (Wuxi
app Tec) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214028, China
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
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11
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Muchakayala SK, Katari NK, Saripella KK, Schaaf H, Marisetti VM, Kowtharapu LP, Jonnalagadda SB. AQbD based green UPLC method to determine mycophenolate mofetil impurities and Identification of degradation products by QToF LCMS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19138. [PMID: 36352016 PMCID: PMC9646803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an ideal method for quantifying impurities in mycophenolate mofetil drug substances and their oral suspension preparations. We developed a systematic and eco-friendly analytical approach utilizing quality by design (QbD) and green chemistry principles. Initially, the critical method parameters (CMPs) were screened using a D-optimal design. The robust final method conditions were optimized using a systematic central composite design (CCD). Through graphical and numerical optimization, the protocol conditions were augmented. The pH of mobile phase buffer (25 mM KH2PO4) (MP-A), initial gradient composition (% MP-A), flow rate (mL min-1), and column oven temperatures (°C) are 4.05, 87, 0.4, and 30, respectively. The best possible separation between the critical pairs was achieved while using the Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 × 2.1) mm, 1.7 µm analytical column. A mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 (v/v) was used as mobile phase-B for the gradient elution. The analytical method was validated in agreement with ICH and USP guidelines. The specificity results revealed that no peaks interfered with the impurities and MPM. The mean recovery of the impurities ranged between 96.2 and 102.7%, and the linearity results r > 0.999 across the range of LOQ - 150%. The precision results (%RSD) ranged between 0.8 and 4.5%. The degradation products formed during the base-induced degradation were identified as isomers of mycophenolic acid and sorbitol esters using Q-ToF LC-MS and their molecular and fragment ion peaks. The developed method eco-friendliness and greenness were assessed using analytical greenness (AGREE), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and analytical eco score, and found it is green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Douglas Pharma US Inc, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974 USA ,Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | | | - Henele Schaaf
- Douglas Pharma US Inc, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974 USA
| | - Vishnu Murthy Marisetti
- Analytical Research and Development, ScieGen Pharmaceuticals Inc, 89 Arkay Drive, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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12
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Kannaiah KP, Sugumaran A, Chanduluru HK. Simultaneous Estimation of Crotamiton and Hydrocortisone by RP-UPLC using Green Analytical Principles embedded Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Method. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Kowtharapu L, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Rekulapally VK, Jonnalagadda SB. Green Chromatographic Method for Determination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Preservative, and Antioxidant in an Injectable Formulation: Robustness by Design Expert. ACS Omega 2022; 7:34098-34108. [PMID: 36188248 PMCID: PMC9520538 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient HPLC method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of lincosamide antibiotic injectable formulations containing Clindamycin phosphate (CMN), benzyl alcohol (BA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as major ingredients. The three components were separated by Phenomenex prodigy C8 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) HPLC column, flow rate 1.1 mL/min, injection volume 30 μL, and column temperature 35 °C, using 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) with acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v). The detection wavelength was set as 240 nm. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and was confirmed to be specific, precise, accurate, and linear. Method robustness was executed by utilizing quality in the design of the experiment. Accuracy results were found to be 99.3-100.5% for CMN, 99.3-100.8% for BA, and 99.1-100.3% for EDTA. Precision results were obtained as % relative standard deviation (RSD): 0.6% for CMN, 0.4% for BA, and 0.4% for EDTA. Correlation coefficient (r 2) values were obtained as >0.999 for the three components. Analytical solutions are stable for 48 h at benchtop and refrigerator conditions. The greenness of the analytical method was evaluated by the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), analytical eco-scale, and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) tools to confirm that the method is eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela
Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi
Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi
Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Vijay Kumar Rekulapally
- Analytical
Research and Development, Hikma Pharmaceuticals
USA Inc, Columbus, Ohio 43228, United States
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
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14
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Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Muchakayala SK, Rekulapally VK. Green Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Related Substances Present in Olopatadine HCl Nasal Spray Formulation, Robustness by Design Expert. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1247-1257. [PMID: 35686891 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual therapeutic nature drug mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist olopatadine hydrochloride (OPT) nasal spray does not have an official monograph, and no literature is available. Eye drops formulation had the official monograph for impurities, but the determination was done in two methods. OBJECTIVE A simple and effective green liquid chromatography method to develop and validate for the related substances of OPT nasal spray formulation. METHOD A 25 min gradient method was employed to separate impurities and OPT with a 1.0 mL/min flow rate using a Boston green C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) HPLC column. The set wavelength and column oven temperatures were 299 nm and 30°C, respectively. pH 3.5 phosphate buffer-acetonitrile in the ratio of (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase A and (50:50, v/v) ratio as mobile phase B. A Quality by Design (QbD) based Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to evaluate the robustness characteristics of the analytical method validation. RESULTS The obtained RSD from the precision and intermediate precision was 0.4 to 4.1%. The % recovery of the impurities from LOQ to 150% of specification level was 87.5 to 110.3%. The linear regression curves for the impurities with a correlation coefficient of >0.999 indicate that all peak responses are linear with the concentration. The sample and standard solutions were stable for 24 h at benchtop and refrigerator conditions. CONCLUSIONS All the critical peaks were well separated from the forced degradation studies' diluent, placebo, and generated degradation peaks. The method validation data and QbD based robustness study results indicate that the developed impurities method fits the routine quality control laboratory use. National Environmental Index (NMEI), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical Eco-scale and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) tools expressed the method's greenness. HIGHLIGHTS The proposed method is QbD utilized and green chemistry assessed impurities determination method for OPT in nasal spray formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen, China.,GITAM Deemed to be University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- GITAM Deemed to be University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Christian A Sandoval
- Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Douglas Pharma US, Inc., Analytical Research and Development, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974, USA
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15
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Surapuraju PKR, Juturu RR. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Related Substances in novel nitroimidazole anti TB drug, Pretomanid Drug Substance: Robustness by Design Expert and application to the Stability Studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5498. [PMID: 36065902 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the related substances of the novel anti TB drug, Pretomanid. Critical quality attributes were evaluated and established for the robust method conditions by using quality by design-based design of experiments. Forced degradation were carried out under acidic, basic, thermal, oxidative, and photolytic stress conditions. Pretomanid degrades when treated with base, and no significant degradation was observed by other stress conditions. The impurities separation was achieved on Baker bond C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1% of orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in a time gradient mode. The HPLC method was validated according to ICH tripartite guidelines. LOD and LOQ of Pretomanid and all the impurities were 0.1 μg ml-1 and 0.4 μg ml-1 respectively. The method was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient >0.99, precise (% RSD < 5.0), robust and accurate (% recovery 85-115%). Stability studies were evaluated according to ICH-Q1A and found stable in all the storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Raju Surapuraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Anantapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raveendra Reddy Juturu
- Present Address: Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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16
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Reddy MP, Konduru N, Gundla R, Kowtharapu LP. Regulatory Perspective Development and Validation of Novel RP-HPLC Method of Midostaurin Drug Substance using Analytical Quality by Design approach; Identified Major Degradation Compounds Mass by Using LC-MS technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5486. [PMID: 36001450 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Midostaurin (MTN) was designated as an orphan medicinal product, and it is an emerging drug for treating acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systematic mastocytosis, respectively. The proposed method was developed and validated to evaluate related impurities of MTN. Those impurities were separated by using YMC Trait C18 ExRS, (150 mm × 4.6 mm), 3 μm column. The mobile phase A consists of a 10 mM concentration of phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 with diluted orthophosphoric acid and mobile phase B contains 90 % acetonitrile with 10 % water. The optimized chromatographic conditions such as flow rate 0.5 mL min-1 , injection volume 10 μL, UV detection at 290 nm, and a linear gradient program set upto 65 minutes. It was developed through an analytical QbD approach. A systematic flow chart explained the evaluation, control, and life cycle management method. As part of the method evaluation, a risk assessment was conducted. It has been validated as per current ICH guidelines. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from LOQ to 150 % optimal concentrations. The validation results were found between 95.5 to 102.5 % for recovery and r2 0.9998 to 0.9999 for linearity of all identified impurities. The method precision results were achieved below 10% of RSD. Performed forced degradation studies in chemical and physical stress conditions. The compound was sensitive to chemical stress conditions. During the study, the analyte was degraded, converted into identified degradation impurities, and found its molecular mass by the LC-MS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Prakash Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, CHINA
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical Development, WUXI STA (Wuxi app Tec Company) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China
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17
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Konduru N, Kowtharapu LP, Gundla R. Unique liquid chromatography technique for the determination of mirabegron in the presence of polymers; robustness by design expert in the light of quality by design. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5449. [PMID: 35831974 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study is designed to estimate mirabegron in the presence of high molecular weight of polymers using a unique liquid chromatography method and sample preparation technique. The proposed method is significant because of many analytical issues faced during the development studies. Based on the experimental results, we finally achieved the stability-indicating power of the method. The adequately prepared mobile phase in the ratio of pH 2.0 buffer and acetonitrile (80:20) v/v, respectively. And the buffer pH 2.0 was prepared as follows 8.7 ml of perchloric acid, 2 ml of triethylamine, and 3.0 g sodium hydroxide into 1L of water mixed well. The system suitability parameters were achieved by waters X-Bridge C18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) column and mobile phase. The optimized chromatographic conditions include column temperature of 45°C, a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 ; an injection volume of 5μL; UV 247 nm, and 15 minutes runtime. It's been validated and transferred to QC as per ICH Q2(R1) and Chinese pharmacopeia 2020 edition <9101> & <9100>. Found the recovery and linearity results between 99.0% to 101.0%; (r2 ) 0.9998. Established the method robustness study by utilizing the Design of Experiments (DoE) part of the Quality by Design (QbD) concept. The method's stability-indicating nature was proven by a forced degradation study, all the conditions analyte peak purity were passed, and achieved mass balance. It has been used to determination of mirabegron in the assay, content uniformity, blend uniformity, and cleaning samples. It's a user-friendly and cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Zhuhai city, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical Research and Development, STA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Wuxi app Tec company), Wuxi, China
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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18
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Muchakayala SK, Katari NK, Saripella KK, Schaaf H, Marisetti VM, Ettaboina SK, Rekulapally VK. Implementation of analytical quality by design and green chemistry principles to develop a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of Fluocinolone Acetonide impurities from its drug substance and topical oil formulations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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